网站页面设计中的人机界面设计分析

论述了在网站页面设计中涉及到的:定位网站的CI形象、界面整体布局设计、网站的链接结构,网站的整体风格等以及在网站设计中应该注意的前期调研,舒适性设计,人性化设计及和谐的人机环境.通过论述,进一步理解人机界面设计理论在网站设计应用中的重要性.阐明了人机界面设计中的"以人为本"设计思想,并将该思想贯穿于网站页面设计的全过程中.     

面向工业人机界面的信息安全策略设计及实现

针对工业人机界面资源有限、实时性要求高等特点,分别从入侵过滤、入侵检测、入侵处理3个部分设计了工业人机界面的信息安全策略.其中入侵过滤采用“白名单”机制,入侵检测采用基于模型的异常检测机制,模型包括任务模型、CPU利用率模型以及网络流量模型.该策略在基于LPC3250-Linux的嵌入式平台上进行了实现和相关实验,实验结果表明,该策略能有效地检测出测试数据集中的入侵行为并保持较低误报率,同时满足系统实时性要求.     

基于接口逻辑模型的MCU物理设计优化研究

以一款基于TSMC 0.18μm工艺的MCU芯片WT20为例,采用设计规划的方法在原有的展平式设计中将ARM Cortex-M0处理器的核心部分分离出来,作为一个接口逻辑模型(ILM)进行设计,之后在整个设计的顶层调入设计好的接口逻辑模型,完成整个MCU芯片的物理设计。采用接口逻辑模型的分层次物理设计与原有的展平式物理设计相比,设计耗时显著缩短。此外,在新的物理设计中,穿过处理器核心部分的关键路径在时序方面也有了一定的改善,证明了接口逻辑模型在缩短设计耗时的同时可以保证时序的正确性。     

Ecological interface design and sensor noise

This paper investigates the effects of the presence and magnitude of sensor noise on operators' performance and control stability when they use an Ecological Interface Design (EID) interface and a non-EID interface. Sensor noise was gradually increased in selected low-level physical sensors of DURESS III, a representative thermal-hydraulic process simulation. There are two important findings. First, participants in the EID condition achieved target goals significantly faster across all magnitudes of sensor noise. Second, participants in the EID condition exhibited more stable control; experiencing fewer and shorter oscillations around the target goals. This is the first study to empirically investigate the impact of the presence and magnitude of sensor noise on the robustness and effectiveness of an EID interface. These findings are important if EID is to be applied in industrial settings.     

The implications of cross-regional differences for the design of In-vehicle Information Systems: a comparison of Australian and Chinese drivers

The increasing global distribution of automobiles necessitates that the design of In-vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) is appropriate for the regions to which they are being exported. Differences between regions such as culture, environment and traffic context can influence the needs, usability and acceptance of IVIS. This paper describes two studies aimed at identifying regional differences in IVIS design needs and preferences across drivers from Australia and China to determine the impact of any differences on IVIS design. Using a questionnaire and interaction clinics, the influence of cultural values and driving patterns on drivers' preferences for, and comprehension of, surface- and interaction-level aspects of IVIS interfaces was explored. Similarities and differences were found between the two regional groups in terms of preferences for IVIS input control types and labels and in the comprehension of IVIS functions. Specifically, Chinese drivers preferred symbols and Chinese characters over English words and were less successful (compared to Australians) at comprehending English abbreviations, particularly for complex IVIS functions. Implications in terms of the current trend to introduce Western-styled interfaces into other regions with little or no adaptation are discussed.     

控制台人机界面设计初探

针对某系统控制台的功能要求,讨论了人机界面的设计过程。利用数字化技术开发应用程序,依据人机工程的基本原理,将原有的各种硬件设备集成为单机工作台。从人机交互界面的风格设计、布局分析,媒体选择、操作设计等几方面进行了初步探讨。从用户的角度出发,在满足功能需求的情况下着重实现了界面的友好性和易操作性。     

Using intentional models for the interface design of multi-level systems

In this paper, it is argued that the design of computer interfaces for complex, multi-layered systems needs to take into account the differing intentional models that are held by different types of users of such systems, and that there is a strong correlation between the job roles of individuals and the level of abstraction of the mental models held by such users. An approach to the analysis and design of complex multi-layered systems based on the analysis of job roles to elicit such models is suggested and linked with other techniques of task analysis and object-oriented analysis and design. The methodology is illustrated with the interface analysis for an automatic environmental chemical analyser.     

Towards a general computational framework for model-based interface development systems

Model-based interface development systems have not been able to progress beyond producing narrowly focused interface designs of restricted applicability. We identify a level-of-abstraction mismatch in interface models, which we call the mapping problem, as the cause of the limitations in the usefulness of model-based systems. We propose a general computational framework for solving the mapping problem in model-based systems. We show an implementation of the framework within the MOBI-D (Model-Based Interface Designer) interface development environment. The MOBI-D approach to solving the mapping problem enables for the first time with model-based technology the design of a wide variety of types of user interfaces.     

A strategy for service realization in service-oriented design

Recently service orientation is becoming a mainstream approach for building large scale software systems. A key requirement in service-oriented design is the de- pendability of service. It stipulates that the behavior of services is controllable. Formal models can aid in constructing software in a dependable manner. They can describe ser- vices precisely and compose them together consistently. This paper presents a strategy for service realization based on a novel layered formal model. When a service is provided or required via internet, the semantic consistency becomes critical issue. Our architecture tackles the issue by proposing a novel scheme: defining contract of a service to keep semantic information. Although service-oriented design is our prime target, the contract models, to a large extent, are independent of the framework of design and therefore ap- plicable to large scale software design in general.     

跨文化网站设计进程模型研究

随着全球化进程逐渐加快加深，国际网站要想成功需要理解并满足不同用户的文化需求。即实施“全球思考，本地行动”。文章首先回顾了有关网站文化交流的四种模型。其中包括：文化维度（n-因素）模型，文化标示物／吸引物模型，文化行为模型，以及以活动理论为根据的模型。在此基础上提出了跨文化网站设计模型，其表现为一个含六个设计步骤的浓缩性框架。目的在于对网站的文化应用提供一种思路，并对网站设计者提供有益指导。     

The visual aesthetics measurement on interface design education

Visual aesthetics measurement has been studied in the information processing. Indeed, it was mainly conducted by designers and experts previously, which is related to evaluate final works of visual aesthetics. By contrast, relations of inspirations and outcomings are largely ignored in the field of interface design. The result was measured by students, users, and experts, so as to understand the different effects of the interface design inspirations. Two studies were to investigate the influences of inspirations, such as the image‐verbal–oriented (task 1) and the interface‐image–oriented (task 2), and measure the outcomings by users, experts, and participants works. Thirty participants, two experts, and two users, rated the interface design works. The code frequency and correlation analysis were adopted. The findings demonstrate that usability and aesthetics are scored highly in task 2 that is supported by the rating from users and experts. The originality and creativity are rated superior in task 1 than task 2 that is rated by experts. This study reveals that image‐verbal–oriented inspiration matches to the creativity and originality in interface design, and the interface‐image–oriented inspiration was related to the usability and aesthetics, which contribute to the interface design processing and inspiration adoption.     

Structural approach to design user interface

The analysis of the interactive relations among interface elements using a structuralized method can help user interface designers to satisfy the different requirements of design and improve design efficiency. This study develops a three-stage structured user interface design approach for complex information systems consisting of multiple components. First, the Quality Function Development (QFD) approach is used to confirm the user's design demand and its mapping components. Next, the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) technique is adopted to construct a clear model of a hierarchical structure. Finally, the Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) approach is employed to analyze the effect and dependence among the overall design components, and to consider the relationship network graph of distribution of components in the system. The research approach applies the Web mail system as its case study. Through the empirical study of web-based system, interface designers can effectively grasp a user's differentiated demand that changes rapidly and reflect it in the combination of designed components. This study establishes a strategy for creating an information system design pattern with multiple components is by building a hierarchical structure and analyzing the component distribution.     

化工生产过程设计的建模界面

为帮助用户处理新领域的建模问题,将案例数据库及其调用工具合并成一个知识库,开发了一个化工生产过程的建模界面。此界面采用产品数据交换标准(SFEP)对模型数据的表达进行了标准化处理。采用基于案例的推理方法在案例库中进行检索,使用案例比较索引对用户查询的信息进行定位、检索和分类,快速开发过程动态模型。模型界面可自动生成模拟软件(如gPROMS)所需的代码,直接调用模拟软件进行动态模拟。用管式反应器和HDA(甲烷加氢脱烃)反应的案例说明了该界面的具体功能。     

A study of usability principles and interface design for mobile e-books

This study examined usability principles and interface designs in order to understand the relationship between the intentions of mobile e-book interface designs and users' perceptions. First, this study summarised 4 usability principles and 16 interface attributes, in order to conduct usability testing and questionnaire survey by referring to Nielsen (1993), Norman (2002), and Yeh (2010), who proposed the usability principles. Second, this study used the interviews to explore the perceptions and behaviours of user operations through senior users of multi-touch prototype devices. The results of this study are as follows: (1) users' behaviour of operating an interactive interface is related to user prior experience; (2) users' rating of the visibility principle is related to users' subjective perception but not related to user prior experience; however, users' ratings of the ease, efficiency, and enjoyment principles are related to user prior experience; (3) the interview survey reveals that the key attributes affecting users' behaviour of operating an interface include aesthetics, achievement, and friendliness.     

基于用户界面模型的界面模板

界面模板是一种崭新的界面设计模式，提出了基于界面模型的界面模板概念，在支持界面自动生成的界面开发方法中实现从抽象界面到具体界面的转化。讨论了界面模板的构成与表达、界面模板的分类以及界面模板库体系结构，说明了界面模板的用法。     

The challenge of interface design for communication theory: from interaction metaphor to contexts of discovery

Those who study interface design still have not resolved the issue of whether the computer is a passive medium or a communicative participant with which we can hope to ‘engage in conversation’. The authors think that this controversy reflects an inadequate philosophy of interface design, which cannot account for what purpose a medium serves in a human communication. In a short history of humancomputer interface research, we trace the development of this philosophy through three generations of computer interface technology and find that its failure lies in the conceptual limitations of its driving concept of interaction.

Just as the concept of interaction provided the transition from the past (command-line interface) to the present (desktop metaphor interface), perhaps, the concept of engagement can provide the transition from our present understanding of the ‘interactive desktop’ interface to multimedia's ‘contexts of discovery’.

The development of multimedia gives interface designers the ultimate challenge to develop interface technology that will simulate human-to-human communication. Should human communication theory be able to treat the conceptual deficiencies of interface design philosophy? The authors find fundamental challenges here and briefly indicate what Charles S. Peirce's semiotic might offer as an age-old remedy.     

Supporting the use of guidelines and style guides in professional user interface design

The use of user-interface design knowledge such as general guidelines and environment-specific style guides can be valuable, and is increasingly required in professional user-interface design. However, conventional guidelines and style guides ( and ) in the form of documents are consistently found hard to use. We have earlier demonstrated knowledge-based critiquing to be a technically feasible way of delivering relevant and knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the need and acceptability of such techniques for professional user-interface designers.

An experiment was carried out where four professional designers developed user-interface prototypes to a functional specification. The designs were evaluated using our and -based critiquing system, which identified a total of 17 deviations from style-guide requirements or design recommendations. Interviews were conducted with the designers to find the reasons for the deviations and to identify important requirements for a critiquing design-support tool. The deviation analysis points to an existing need for better ways of accessing and knowledge. The interviews indicate that the designers would find a critiquing tool valuable, provided that it leaves them in control of their work and indicates the severity of the detected deviations.     

User interface design assistance for large-scale software development

The User Interface Design Assistant (UIDA) addresses the specific design problems of style and integration consistency throughout the user interface development process and aids in the automated feedback and evaluation of a system's graphical user interface according to knowledge-based rules and project-specific design examples. The UIDA system is able to quickly identify inconsistent style guide interpretations and UI design decisions resulting from distributed development of multiple UI sub-systems. This case arises when each sub-system conforms to the general style guide rules, but when integrated together, may appear inconsistent.This work was conducted jointly at the University of Southern California's Center for Software Engineering, and the Arcadia Project, University of California Irvine.     

Improved link analysis method for user interface design – modified link table and optimisation-based algorithm

Link analysis (LA) is one of most widely used methods in user interface design to arrange control elements on user interfaces. However, traditional LA method is insufficient for evaluating transitional cost associated with accessibility (the easiness for the operator to reach certain control element on the interface) and the link table commonly used contains no directional information for assessing difficulty. To address these two problems, an improved LA method based on a modified link table and a branch-and-bound algorithm is proposed in this study. A case study on a simplified control interface of a boiling water reactor (BWR) in a real-world nuclear control system was exemplified to elucidate the improved method and an experiment was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the method in improving users’ performance time. The results showed that the total completion time (CT) and the completion time of accessibility-associated operations were significantly shorter on the interface modified by the improved method than by the traditional LA method, while the difference of the completion time of proximity-associated operations between the two interfaces was non-significant. Therefore, although the traditional LA method can significantly ameliorate the random interface by optimising the proximity between control elements, the improved method can further improve the CT by optimally trading off the accessibility and proximity. The method can be applied to the interface which requires physical movements between the user and the interface and within the interface, especially touch screen and control panels.     

User interface based on natural interaction design for seniors

With world population ageing, how to help seniors to adapt to technology life is an important issue. Technology is becoming life rather than resistance, because many of the technology applications are often accompanied by a lot of information to process. This makes the user interface to become an important bridge between human computer interactions. Especially the inconvenience caused by human ageing, these related issues from the cognitive and operational of products are derived. This study proposes a study of user interface design based on natural interaction to increase seniors’ usage intention. In the proposed contents, the Kinect sensor is used to retrieve seniors’ in-depth information in movements, thus the user interface of system can be operated by the gesture intuitively. In the framework of the system, in the first all, the morphology is applied to identify the features of a hand from depth values obtained from the sensor. Gesture is used to recognize operating behavior of users to implement the interactive action, and collision detection is applied to confirm effectiveness of operation. On the other hand, through interpretive structural model (ISM), each design element of interactive interface can be decomposed and realized, and the solution for target and direction of design problem is also proposed. At the meanwhile, the concept of affordance is conducted to the development of interface for graphic users that proposed in this study, and the design achievement contains operation and usability of intuition can further be acquired. Finally, based on the proposed methodology, an intuitive user interface of digital devices is constructed by Java programming language that allows for verifying the feasibility of user interface for seniors. Besides, the proposed method can be widely used to develop the user interface for various products.