大晶粒AZ91镁合金的超塑变形行为

研究了晶粒尺寸为 85 μm的大晶粒AZ91镁合金在高温下的超塑拉伸变形行为。结果表明 ,大晶粒AZ91合金能在高温下获得超塑性。在 35 0℃下 ,应变速率为 3× 10 - 4s- 1 拉伸时 ,最大伸长率达2 2 8%。 30 0℃下 4 0 %的预应变可以改善合金在更高温度下的超塑性能。在超塑拉伸变形初期 ,动态再结晶细化了合金的晶粒 ,呈现出细晶超塑的特征 ;随着应变量的增加 ,合金的晶粒长大趋势不明显。大晶粒AZ91合金的超塑性变形机制是晶界滑移控制下的孔洞连接协调机制。     

快速超塑性的研究与应用

综述了高应变速率超塑材料种类、变形机理和应用技术的最新进展。高应变速率超塑材料主要是铝基复合材料及铝合金,最近,对镁合金、纳米材料、钛合金高应变速率超塑性能的研究也已开始。高应变速率超塑性在工业中的应用已经起步,例如快速超塑成形技术、一模多件技术等,可以实现中等批量、甚至大批量生产,但是主要集中在铝合金上。未来激光辅助超塑成形技术、电塑性辅助超塑成形技术值得期待。     

超塑成形工艺对TC21合金超塑性的影响

分析对比了一步与两步超塑成形法对未经特殊细化的TC21钛合金超塑性和显微组织的影响。研究结果表明:在变形温度为870~930℃范围内,两步超塑成形伸长率明显好于一步超塑成形。在变形温度为870℃,第1步和第2步应变速率均为3.3×10-4s-1,预应变量为50%,间隙保温时间为20 min时,两步超塑成形的伸长率达到最大值为438.60%,和恒应变速率的一步超塑成形相比,伸长率提高了74.72%。真应力-应变曲线表明:两步超塑成形时,第2步开始时的应力明显小于第1步结束时的应力,第1步变形对金属产生了一定的软化作用。显微组织显示:动态再结晶一直伴随着整个两步超塑性变形过程,再结晶行为的发生为塑性变形提供了细小等轴组织,有利于该合金超塑性的提高。     

电沉积Ni/Si3N4(W)纳米复合材料的力学性能与超塑性研究

采用复合电沉积技术制备了Ni/Si3N4 (w) 纳米复合材料,并对其力学性能和超塑性能进行了研究.室温拉伸和硬度试验表明,适量的加入Si3N4晶须能够提高复合材料的拉伸强度和显微硬度.首次研究了电沉积制备的Ni/Si3N4 (w)复合材料的单向超塑拉伸性能,结果表明,制备的复合材料具有低温超塑性和高应变速率超塑性,在440℃和应变速率为1×10-2s-1时,获得了最大延伸率635%.采用SEM和TEM对超塑前后试件的显微结构进行了表征.超塑成形后晶粒长大并拉长,组织中出现大量的孪晶和位错,表明晶粒被拉长后,形变孪晶成为主要的晶界滑移协调机制.     

超塑性变形与孔洞断裂

孔洞损伤是超塑变形的普遍现象，它严重影响了超塑成形的构件的力学性能和材料塑性的充分发挥。本文评述了超塑材料孔洞断裂研究的现状，介绍了孔洞形核，长大和连接的理论模型，并与实验结果进行比较。最后，讨论了背压，外电场对超塑变形孔洞的影响。     

TC6钛合金的超塑变形机制研究

提出了一种全新的超塑性研究方法：基于m值的高效超塑变形机制。采用该方法对TC6钛合金进行高温拉伸实验,研究其超塑性能,并与最大m值法超塑性进行比较分析。实验结果表明,细晶组织的该合金具有优良的超塑性,最佳变形温度在900℃,最大m值超塑变形可以获得20倍的最大延伸率;基于m值的高效超塑变形可以显著提高超塑成形效率,在获得延伸率为16.96倍的优良超塑性前提下,成形效率可提高13倍。     

快速凝固Al-Li合金超塑性的研究

制备了急冷微晶铝锂合金并对其超塑性进行了研究。热机械处理使快凝铝锂合金获得超塑性。固溶+过时效+温轧+再结晶预处理的铝锂合金最大延伸率为585％,最佳超塑变形条件是:温度540℃,应变速率1.67×10~(-2)s~(-1)。观察分析了预处理中的组织变化和超塑变形中的空洞。超塑断裂主要因为空洞形成、长大、绕晶粒联接所致。     

ECAP法制备超细晶铝合金材料的超塑性行为

研究经多道次等径弯曲通道变形后Al-3%Mg-0.5%Zr铝合金的超塑性行为.研究表明:晶粒尺寸由变形前的50 μm经过8道次等径弯曲通道变形后细化为0.3μm;随后,在330℃退火保温1 h的条件下,其晶粒尺寸长大至10 μm;在500℃、应变速率1×10-3s-1的拉伸实验中,该超细晶材料的最大延伸率高达370%,呈现出良好的超塑性.     

TC21合金超塑性本构关系的BP人工神经网络模型

TC21合金是一种高强、高韧、高损伤容限型两相钛合金,具有极佳超塑成形性能。建立合理的超塑性本构关系,对了解该合金的超塑性变形特征以及超塑性成形工艺优化有着重要的指导作用。本文对TC21合金在Gleeble1500热模拟试验机上进行了超塑性等温压缩变形试验。结果表明,随着温度的升高或应变速率的降低,材料的流变应力显著降低,动态再结晶是其主要的软化机制。根据所获得的实验数据,应用BP人工神经网络建立了TC21合金的超塑性本构关系模型,较好地反映了TC21合金的超塑变形过程中流动应力的变化规律。     

快速凝固Al-Li合金超塑性的研究SCIEI

制备了急冷微晶铝锂合金并对其超塑性进行了研究。热机械处理使快凝铝锂合金获得超塑性。固溶+过时效+温轧+再结晶预处理的铝锂合金最大延伸率为585％,最佳超塑变形条件是:温度540℃,应变速率1.67×10^(-2)s^(-1)。观察分析了预处理中的组织变化和超塑变形中的空洞。超塑断裂主要因为空洞形成、长大、绕晶粒联接所致。     

黑色金属模具复杂型腔超塑成型技术研究

以典型热作模具钢的复杂型腔为对象,研究了超塑制模的工模具设计及工艺,成型出连杆精锻模具型腔。系统归纳、总结了工模具钢超塑制模技术的特点并展望了未来发展趋势。     

超塑成形对GH4169合金激光焊接组织的影响

采用激光连接/超塑成形组合技术制造了GH4169合金三层板结构件,研究了超塑成形(温度965℃,成形时间130min)对GH4169高温合金激光焊接组织的影响.试验结果表明:GH4169高温合金激光焊接组织主要由树枝晶构成,枝晶间中有Nb元素偏聚现象,即形成了一种金属间化合物Laves相;焊接组织在超塑成形后,焊缝中心出现了粗大的等轴晶粒,熔合线附近的柱状晶粒变得粗大,成形后大部分Laves相转变为δ相,但仍有少部分Laves相保留了下来;成形后焊缝的维氏硬度明显提高,由成形前的331.63HV0.1提高到391.74HV0.1,接近成形后母材的硬度415.63.超塑成形对GH4169高温合金激光焊接组织有明显的改善作用.     

循环退火供应态LD钢超塑性压缩变形的力学特征

本文研究了国产新型冷作模具钢 LD 钢(7Cr7Mo3V2Si)经循环退火后在超塑性条件下压缩变形的力学特性,试验结果表明,其超塑性能优于球化退火后的 LD钢,得出了 LD 钢最佳超塑性压缩变形的工艺参数。为 LD 钢超塑性压缩成形及超塑性制造模具型腔提供了必要的参考数据。     

Superplastic process modeling of plane strain components with complex shapes

Computational process models using membrane element method are developed in this paper for the superplastic forming of plane strain boxes with complex cross-sectional details. Many practical superplastic components manufactured in industry have sloping sidewalk with die bottoms either corrugated and/or at angles to the sides. The new method is used to develop process models for such configurations and the resulting software can be used interactively in a computer. The method is useful to a designer in the parametric study of die geometry, die wall friction, initial thickness, and material property, or to determine if a specific geometry is suitable for superplastic forming. The kinematics of deformation are illustrated, and the numerical results of the model are compared with continuum finite element solutions and also with experimental data.     

Deformation characteristics and cavitation during multiaxial blow forming in superplastic 8090 alloy

This work examined the effect of multiaxial stress on deformation characteristics of a superplastic aluminum alloy 8090 by deforming the sheet into a die with a cylindrical cavity. Several interrupted tests were performed to bulge the sheets to various depths for different strain rates, the formed parts were utilized to evaluate the deformation status, thickness distribution, local strain states, and cavitation. It was found that evolution of cavity volume fraction with forming time could be related to the thinning behavior of the deformed sheet during forming. Decrease in cavity volume fraction at the central region was observed in the later stage of forming as the thickness of the deformed sheet remained constant for all test forming rates.     

MATHEMATIC MODEL FOR FORMABILITY CRITERIA OF SUPERPLASTIC AIR BULGING COMPONENTS

A proposal for two types of press close to die,including blank coming in die and Blank cov-ering die,and four criteria for formability is put forward in the study of the superplastic airbulge forming of the metallic thin wall components.A dimensionless weigh mathematic modelfor the criteria of superplastic air bulge forming is developed to be:Q_w=1.56(WS)/(HF)+2.37(0-π/(180)-r/(r_0)+0.19The superior formability of components is approaching,if Q_W≥1,and the worse,if Q_W<1.Itwas confirmed by practice that the above mentioned model is accurate sufficiently.     

Surface hardening of die steel by superplastic deformation of thermo-sprayed powder alloy

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工业铝合金汽车覆盖件的超塑成形研究

采用工业铝合金 5 1 82就一款汽车上的前挡泥板零件进行了超塑成形的试验研究。根据零件的形状特点确定使用超塑气压胀形工艺 ,并进行了模具型腔曲面设计和模具结构设计。应用数值模拟的方法对型腔曲面设计进行了优化 ,使预测出成形零件所需的变形量处在材料的变形能力之内。最终的成形试验结果表明 ,成形工艺和模具设计合理可行。     

Study on superplastic blow-forming of 8090 Al–Li sheets in an ellip-cylindrical closed-die

The purpose of this paper is to explore the plastic deformation behavior of the sheet during blow-forming of a superplastic sheet into an ellip-cylindrical closed-die by the finite element method. A finite element commercial code “DEFORM” is used to carry out the simulations and calculate the pressurization profile and sheet thickness distribution during the blow-forming process. A pressure control algorithm is proposed to keep the maximum strain rate in the deformation zone of the sheet equal to the target value, which corresponds to the highest m value of the material being superplastically formed. The effects of various forming conditions, such as the friction coefficient between the sheet and die and the aspect ratio of the die, on the forming pressure and thickness distribution of the product are discussed. Experiments using 8090 Al–Li sheets on superplastic blow-forming in an ellip-cylindrical closed-die are also carried out. The theoretical predictions of thickness distribution of the product are compared with experimental results.     

Design and experimental validation of a two-stage superplastic forming die

The conventional superplastic forming (SPF) of complex and deep geometries can result in excessive thinning and necking. To address these issues, a two-stage SPF process has been developed and demonstrated in forming trials using a superplastic aluminum sheet alloy. Within a single die, gas pressure is used to form the blank into a preform die cavity prior to the pressure being reversed to form the sheet into the final component cavity. The preforming of the blank creates length of line, while preserving metal thickness in certain regions to improve the thickness profile of the final part. In this work, a preform has been designed to improve the forming of a complex component by providing a superior thickness profile as compared to a conventional single stage forming cycle. Finite element analysis was used to guide the design of the preform cavity since the preforming surface was not intuitive and could cause wrinkling in the final part.