光伏系统经济性评价体系及其方法研究

讨论了在选择光伏系统安装站址时影响光伏系统经济性的各种因素，提出一种多层次多目标的光伏系统经济性综合评价体系结构，并介绍相应的评价方法。     

光伏发电系统优化设计的经济性和可靠性研究

针对传统光伏发电系统只采用组件峰值功率进行主要电气设备选型,造成设备利用率低,且没有考虑系统效率的缺点,从实际运行电站的发电量数据分析得出光伏系统效率,以此提出两种优化方案。并与传统方案在经济性和运行可靠性方面进行对比和论证,得出优化方案不仅可满足运行可靠性的要求,在降低成本的效果也非常明显。结合风电和电力电子技术的发展趋势,分析两种优化方案的差距,得出主要电气设备的功率等级越大,系统集成度越高,降低成本的经济性优势越突出,将有利推动光伏发电技术的应用和推广。:     

光伏发电系统中逆变器性能评价

光伏发电系统中逆变器性能评价陆虎瑜逆变器是一种将直流电转换为交流电的电力电子装置。随着光伏发电系统的日益推广，逆变器的用量也在不断增加。因此，对逆变器的技术性能进行科学的评价，使用户正确地选用光伏发电系统中的逆变器就显得十分重要了。鉴于目前我国尚未制...     

光伏系统经济性评价软件的设计与实现

本文简单介绍了光伏系统安装站址对其经济性影响的两种评价方法，提出了相应评价系统的基本结构，讨论了评价软件实现的主要方法及其特点。整个评价软件已在ＩＢＭＰＣ机上实现。     

基于加权模糊优先相似法评价光伏系统经济性

讨论了光伏系统的典型应用系统－光伏水泵安装站址的环境条件对其经济性的影响，给出了经济性评价的因素指标体系。以此为基础，采用加权模糊优先相似法对几个将要实际安装光伏水泵的站址进行了经济性评价，其结果可为决策提供参考。     

家用太阳能光伏电源系统

为进一步提高家用太阳能光伏电源系统的产品质量,规范市场,满足无电地区人民的用电需求,更好地为广大无电农牧民服务,根据我们的实践经验和调查研究,并综合各方面的意见,提出如下家用太阳能光伏电源系统技术要求,供研究参考.     

家用小型光伏电源系统的设计及应用

云南还有一些农户到现在还没有用上电,这些无电农户的特点是:⑴居住在海拔较高又偏僻的山顶或半山腰上,人口稀少,居住地分散,用电负荷不大;     

并网光伏发电系统暂态特性研究

基于光伏发电系统的物理模型研究,在matlab/simulink中开发了包含光伏阵列模型、光伏阵列的最大功率跟踪（MPPT）模块、DC/DC升压电路和采用电压及电流环控制的逆变系统在内的动态仿真模型,并建立了基于电压型逆变器的暂态数学模型;并通过仿真得到了并网光伏发电系统辐射强度突变和发生短路时的暂态运行特性,为深入研究并网光伏发电系统的暂态特性建立了基础。     

太阳能光伏电源系统的经济性分析

提出用现值分析法对太阳能光伏电源系统的经济性进行定量分析，并给出相应的计算公式和结果。     

Economic evaluation of a stand-alone residential photovoltaic power system in Bangladesh

The economics of stand-alone photovoltaic power system is studied to test its feasibility in remote and rural areas of Bangladesh and to compare renewable generators with non-renewable generators. The life cycle cost of these generators are determined using the method of net present value analysis. It is found that the life cycle cost of this experimental PV system is Tk. 43.40/kWh for one family (US $1.00 = Bangladeshi taka Tk.50.00). The life cycle cost for grid electricity is Tk. 20.00/kWh and Tk. 7.75/kWh for generation of fuel costs of Tk. 6.80/kWh and Tk. 0.47/kWh respectively. For a village 1 km away from the distribution line, this cost becomes Tk. 125.00/kWh for a family. For petrol generator life cycle cost is Tk. 50.00/kWh at fuel price of Tk. 22.00 per litre. For diesel generator life cycle cost is found to be Tk. 46.10/kWh at fuel cost of Tk. 15.00 per litre. It is observed that the life cycle cost of one unit of energy from grids that are 1 km away from a village is much higher than the cost of energy from a PV system. Thus, the use of PV system is economically feasible in rural villages and remote areas of Bangladesh, where grid electricity is not available.     

Economic optimization and sensitivity analysis of photovoltaic system in residential buildings

This paper deals with the problem of optimal size of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system for residential application. It is assumed the PV system can input or output liberally the electricity to the utility electricity grid. A simple linear programming model is developed. The objective is to minimize the annual energy cost of a given customer, including PV investment cost, maintenance cost, utility electricity cost, subtracting the revenue from selling the excess electricity. The model reports the optimal PV capacity that customers adopt with their electricity requirements. Using this model, an investigation is conducted of economically optimal PV investment under several conditions for a typical residential building. Additionally, the sensitivity of levelized cost and simple payback period to various economic and technical circumstances has been analyzed.     

Operational experience of a residential photovoltaic hybrid system

This paper reports on the operational experience acquired with a photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system installed as a line extension alternative at a residence located in northern New York State. The system includes an 850 W PV array, 25 kWh worth of battery storage, and a 4 kW propane generator. The paper features a detailed analysis of the energy flows through the system and quantifies all losses caused by battery storage round-trip, rectifier and inverter conversions, and non-optimum operation of the generator and of the PV array. The paper also analyzes the evolution of end-use electricity consumption since the installation of the PV hybrid system.     

A microcontroller-based stand-alone photovoltaic power system for residential appliances

In this study, a stand-alone photovoltaic power system was designed and implemented to operate residential ac-powered appliances such as fluorescent lambs, fans etc. Sun-tracker is implemented for improved efficiency of the system by keeping the solar module perpendicular to the sun's incoming rays. The charge method is realized with closed-loop current control of buck-boost dc–dc converter. The proposed system also uses a voltage source type PWM inverter to convert DC voltage from battery storage to supply AC loads. In the PWM method used, selected harmonics are eliminated with the smallest number of switching and an improvement in the system efficiency by reducing switching losses and providing ease of filtering on the inverter output is obtained. Charge controller and PWM inverter systems have been realized by using PIC16F873 microcontrollers. An experimental system was implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. Simulation and experimental results are given to verify the system's efficiency.     

Operation strategy of residential centralized photovoltaic system in remote areas

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have found fairly wide application in remote isolated area. However, each individual PV system usually supplies energy only to one consumer. In such a case we have several consumers that each one of them uses a stand-alone PV system. This situation would expose such stand-alone systems to transient excessive loads larger than the power generated by the PVs, and then the battery is bound to discharge even during the day. For overcoming this problem, we suggest an autonomous centralized PV system, comprising one battery bank and plural subsystems connected to each other. From solar radiation data and load profiles, the performance of the PV centralized system is simulated by using a time step scheme. The advantages of this system are found to be the large charging rate of power, high efficiency, and low cost compared with conventional individual PV systems and hybrid systems. In addition, the economic study shows that the life cycle cost and the price of kilowatt hour generated in the centralized system is lower than that for the individual systems.     

基于动态阻抗适配的光伏系统最大功率点跟踪算法

针对光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制中结构复杂度与控制效果难以兼得的问题,文章从阻抗适配角度论证了最大功率传输理论应用于光伏系统控制的正确性,并提出一种具备快速自寻优能力的光伏系统最大功率点跟踪控制方法。通过Matlab仿真并与常见最大功率点跟踪控制方法相比较,文章所提出的算法具有更好的跟踪效果。     

Life cycle assessment of a micromorph photovoltaic system

In this paper the results from a in-depth life cycle analysis of production and use of a novel grid-connected photovoltaic micromorph system are presented and compared to other thin film and traditional crystalline silicon photovoltaic technologies. Among the new thin film technologies, the micromorph tandem junction appears to be one of the most promising devices from the industrial point of view. The analysis was based on actual production data given to the authors directly from the PRAMAC Swiss Company and it is consistent with the recommendations provided by the ISO norms and updates. The gross energy requirement, green house gas emissions and energy pay-back time have been calculated for the electric energy output virtually generated by the studied system in a lifetime period of 20 years. A comparative framework is also provided, wherein results obtained for the case study are compared with data from literature previously obtained for the best commercially available competing photovoltaic technologies. Results clearly show a significant decrease in gross energy requirement, in green house gas emissions and also a shorter energy pay-back time for the micromorph technology.     

Integrated demand response based on household and photovoltaic load and oscillations effects

Due to the attractiveness of household gas-electric tools, in this paper, an optimization technique is suggested based on the integrated demand response (IDR) and degree of tolerance for household energy management. The proposed method is mostly used to express the dynamic change in the forms of energy and undetermined variables in the systems, resulting from household and photovoltaic (PV) load. Thermostatically controlled demands include gas-electricity and air conditioning, and cut-able loads include gas-electric stove and washing machine. The interval optimization is modeled for optimizing the operation and greenhouse gas emission costs in multi-purpose systems. The undetermined variables are formulated as interval statistics and the limitations are simplified by degree of tolerance. In order to solve it, the interval optimization technique is converted into certainty optimization with the interval order relationship and the delayed probability degree. Then, the developed grasshopper search algorithm is based on the chaos theory to solve the interval optimization model in order to respond to uncertainty and demands of the users, such that degree of tolerance of cost that is acceptable by users is optimized. Contrary to other optimization algorithms, the grasshopper search algorithm can be combined with other methods. In this paper, the chaos theory is adopted to find a better solution. Since the information is placed in the search space without order, using this technique considerably leads to good convergence speed, precise final solution finding, not being trapped in local minima, lower SD, and robustness. Both methods of IDR and degree of tolerance for the household gas-electric equipment manage to reduce energy consumption by about 25% compared to traditional methods.     

FOPID based MPPT for photovoltaic system

In this paper, the design and analysis of Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller for the application of the solar photovoltaic system is proposed. At the outset, a solar PV system is considered to investigate the better performance of the FOPID controller compared to PID controller. Fractional order PID (FOPID) controller is used to improve the dynamic response of the system and the optimal gain values are tuned by using FOTF toolbox. A Fractional order controller that has been conceptualized to improve the system performance, particularly to improve the rejection of possible disturbances, which may occur in the input voltage. The performance analysis and comparison of PID controller and FOPID controller is done using MATLAB. The working method of the proposed technique is demonstrated with the help of Boost converter. It is designed in order to tap the solar energy and convert it into an electrical energy.