电弧喷涂制备Al-Al2O3耐磨防滑涂层工艺优化和摩擦学性能研究

介绍了一种φ3mm铝基陶瓷复合材料粉芯丝材，用于高速电弧喷涂制备耐磨防滑涂层。以涂层的耐磨性为判据，采用正交试验对喷涂工艺参数进行了优化，并采用优化参数制备耐磨防滑涂层，与普通铝涂层的摩擦学性能进行对比，结果表明制备的耐磨防滑涂层摩擦因数高，防滑性能良好，弥散分布的A12OO3粒子提高了涂层的摩擦因数保持能力。     

Difference in particle characteristics and coating properties between spraying metallic and ceramic powder cored wires

The sprayed particles of metallic and cermet wires were collected to analyze the atomization state of the particles in arc spraying forming, the microstructure and properties of metallic and ceramic coatings were investigated and compared. Particle size analyzer was used for quantifying particle size. The XRD, SEM and optical microscope（OM） were used to analyze the phase composition and microstructure of the particles and coatings. From the experimental results, some difference of particle characteristics was established between the spraying metallic and ceramic cored wires, and the microstructure and properties of coatings depend strongly on the particles behaviors. The result shows that Fe-TiB2/Al2O3 composite coating has a high potential for abrasive wear applications.     

等离子喷涂氧化铝基复合涂层研究进展

随着等离子喷涂技术的发展,等离子喷涂氧化铝基复合涂层在防腐蚀、耐磨损和航天航空等领域得到了广泛应用。首先简要介绍了新型等离子喷涂技术(激光等离子喷涂、悬浮液等离子喷涂和超音速等离子等)和主要喷涂工艺参数(喷涂功率、送粉方式和喷涂距离等),然后从改善涂层耐腐蚀性能的角度出发,阐述了第二相、喷涂工艺参数和后处理工艺对涂层气孔率的影响及与涂层耐腐蚀性能的关系。重点分析了硬度、喂料特征和激光熔覆技术对氧化铝基复合涂层耐磨损性能的影响,详述了影响硬度的因素,以及喷涂粉末特征和激光熔覆处理对复合涂层微观结构的影响。在电磁波吸收性能研究方面,论述了吸收剂含量、涂层厚度和多种电磁波吸收剂匹配以及喷涂参数的调整对等离子喷涂氧化铝基复合涂层吸波性能的影响。最后对以等离子喷涂技术制备性能更加优异的氧化铝基复合涂层提出了展望。     

用热喷涂技术防止湿硫化氢应力腐蚀

采用热喷涂技术，设计了Al系、Fe—Cr系粉芯丝材涂层共5种，并对其进行了结合强度、氢扩散能力、电化学性能及应力腐蚀性能等系列试验，考核其抗湿硫化氢应力腐蚀能力．通过对各涂层试验结果的对比分析，从中筛选出了防护效果最佳的配方，并对涂层抗湿硫化氢应力腐蚀的机理进行了讨论．     

Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of arc sprayed Zn–Al–Mg–RE cathodic protection coatings on steel substrates

Abstract

Cored wires and high velocity arc spraying technologies have been used to produce Zn–Al–Mg and Zn–Al–Mg–RE (where RE is rare earth) coatings on A3 steel. The durability of coatings in terms of corrosion resistance is the focus of this paper. To study the effect of RE, Zn–Al–Mg coatings also have been produced as a comparison. The microstructures of original coatings and corroded coatings have been investigated after corrosion tests by SEM and XRD. The potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were carried out to determine the corrosion behaviour of the two coatings in 5% NaCl solution. Metallographic as well as electrochemical corrosion results illustrate that the coatings possess a self-sealing capacity, and that the corrosion products can refine the microstructure and enhance the corrosion resistance. Compared to the Zn–Al–Mg coating, the Zn–Al–Mg–RE coating presents a more obvious and stable self-sealing process.     

Q235上电弧喷涂Zn55Al涂层在3.5wt%溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

本文使用电弧喷涂通过包套挤压+拉拔的方法制备的Zn55Al伪合金丝材成功的在Q235钢上喷涂出了Zn55Al涂层。通过扫描电镜和微区XRD研究了Zn55Al 伪合金丝材的显微结构。通过浸泡腐蚀实验和电化学方法研究了Zn55Al涂层、Zn15Al涂层和 Al涂层的腐蚀行为,并对比了三种涂层之间的差异。结果表明Zn55Al伪合金丝材由纯锌和纯铝组成,在整个成型过程中没有产生合金化。Zn55Al涂层由层片状的富锌相和富铝相组成。经过20天的浸泡实验,Zn55Al涂层形成了一层致密的钝化膜,比其他两种涂层有更好的耐腐蚀性。Zn55Al涂层的自腐蚀电位大约是-1.25v,高于Zn15Al涂层低于纯Al涂层和Q235基体.电偶腐蚀实验表明,Zn55Al涂层比Zn15Al涂层具有更好的点虎穴保护作用。这些结果说明Zn55Al涂层具有更好的耐腐蚀性和可以给Q235基体提供更强的电化学保护.本文也讨论了Zn55Al涂层的的腐蚀机理。     

稀土元素对Al、Al合金线材电弧喷涂层的耐腐蚀性能试验

将Al、Al－Re、Al－Si－Re、Al－Mg－Re等几种不同稀土元素的电弧喷涂层试件，在室温下浸入10％HCl、10％H2SO4、10％NaOH等腐蚀性介质及盐雾实验箱内进行加速腐蚀实验，比较不同涂层对基材的保护情况，结果表明：加入稀土元素涂层的耐蚀性优于未加稀土元素涂层的耐蚀性。     

S135钻杆材料等离子喷涂Al2O3-TiO2涂层组织与性能

目的选用石油钻井工程中常用的S135钻杆钢作为研究对象,在不破坏S135钢优异力学性能基础上,在S135钢基体上等离子喷涂Al2O3-TiO2涂层,研究喷涂功率对涂层的组织与性能的影响。方法在25、30、42 kW三种喷涂功率下,于S135钻杆材料基体表面制备Al2O3+TiO2涂层,对涂层表面进行SEM形貌观察及XRD物相分析,对端面进行金相组织观察,并测定不同位置的显微硬度,借助于材料表面性能试验仪进行涂层与基体结合强度测定,对不同功率下的喷涂涂层的组织、形貌及性能进行比较。结果在三种功率条件下,涂层由α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3、Al2TiO5及TiO2组成。随着喷涂功率的增加,涂层中γ-Al2O3、Al2TiO5的含量增加;粘结层中气孔、裂纹等缺陷减少,孔隙率下降。在42 kW喷涂功率下,涂层与基体的结合强度达到92 N。在热喷涂过程中,由于正火作用,靠近喷涂界面的S135基体的晶粒得到细化。涂层表面的硬度都高于粘结层及基体,在喷涂功率为30 kW时,涂层表面的硬度达到1419.6 HV。结论通过改变喷涂功率,可在S135钻杆材料上得到具有较高硬度、与基体结合强度较高的Al2O3-TiO2涂层。     

树脂基复合材料用陶瓷涂层防护性能分析

采用等离子喷涂铝粉作为打底材料在碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料（PMC）基体上制备了Al2O3和ZrO2轻质陶瓷防护涂层，测试了涂层的剪切结合强度、耐热循环性能、抗冲蚀性能、隔热性能。结果表明，等离子喷涂铝粉作打底层的涂层系统，性能优于电弧喷铝或电弧喷锌作打底层的涂层系统。带有Al2O3涂层的试样失重不到基体材料失重的1／3，Al2O3和ZrO2陶瓷涂层都可以为聚酰亚胺复合材料基体提供有效的冲蚀防护。Al2O3和ZrO2陶瓷涂层都可以为聚酰亚胺复合材料基体提供有效的隔热防护，ZrO2涂层隔热性能优于Al2O3涂层。     

稀土对铝及铝合金电弧喷涂层性能影响的研究

本文研究了稀土对铝和铝合金电弧喷涂层性能的影响，对四种丝材涂层的结合强度、孔隙率进行了对比，并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察分析了涂层组织结构。结果表明稀土的加入提高了涂层的结合强度，使孔隙变小、数量减少，明显改善涂层性能。     

AZ91D镁合金等离子喷涂Ni-Al/陶瓷涂层的组织和性能

以Ni-Al为粘结层,在AZ91D镁合金基体上等离子喷涂Ni-Al/Al2O3、Ni-Al/Al2O3-13%TiO2(Ni-Al/AT13)、Ni-Al/Al2O3-20%TiO2(Ni-Al/AT20)复合涂层及Ni-Al/Al2O3/Al2O3-13%TiO2/Al2O3-20%TiO2(Ni-Al/Al2O3/AT13/AT20)梯度涂层,利用SEM、EDS和XRD分析涂层的微观组织特征,通过硬度、拉伸和热震实验研究涂层硬度、结合强度和抗热震性能,并与直接喷涂Al2O3、AT20的涂层进行比较。结果表明:Ni-Al粘结层因"自粘结"效应与基体形成较为致密并具有冶金结合的界面,且与Al2O3、AT13和AT20陶瓷层互有渗透、交叉和啮合,涂层致密性及结合力大为提高,表现出优良的抗热震性能。Al2O3涂层主要由亚稳态γ-Al2O3组成,AT20涂层以Al2O3和Al2TiO5为主。镁合金表面喷涂Al2O3陶瓷层后硬度大幅提高,由于加入TiO2,AT13和AT20涂层的硬度略低于Al2O3涂层的。Ni-Al/Al2O3-TiO2复合陶瓷的涂层结合强度高于Ni-Al/Al2O3单一陶瓷涂层的,而Ni-Al/Al2O3/AT13/AT20梯度涂层的结合强度比Ni-Al/AT20涂层的更高。     

扩散铝涂层的制备及其对γ-TiAl基体的防护

采用电弧离子镀在γ-TiAl基体上镀铝后进行扩散处理,制备出了扩散铝涂层,涂层与基体结合良好,无贯穿性裂纹,EDX和XRD分析表明涂层由厚的TiAl3外层和薄的TiAl2内层构成．900℃空气中的高温氧化实验结果显示：γ-TiAl氧化后生成了疏松多层的Ti和Al氧化物的混合物,其抗高温氧化性能很差;施加扩散铝涂层后,高温下生成了一层连续致密的Al2O3膜,抗氧化性能显著提高,同时讨论了涂层的氧化和退化机制．     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of arc sprayed Zn-Al coatings

Cored wires and high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) technique were applied to produce high Al content Zn-Al alloy coatings on low carbon steel substrates. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Zn, Al and Zn-Al coatings were studied with potentiodynamic measurement in 5 % NaCl solution. Compared with pure Zn, pure Al and Zn-15Al coatings, Zn-26Al coatings show a higher corrosion resistance in salt solution. The potentiodynamic polarization tests show that the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al coatings increases as Al content is raised. Pure Al coating exhibits different electrochemical behaviors with other coatings. The corrosion initiated at the micro-pores of the coating and the underlying corrosion mechanism is very similar to that of the pitting corrosion.     

高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al/WC复合涂层在650℃下的氧化行为

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在20G钢基体上制备了Fe-Al／WC金属间化合物复合涂层，利用热重天平测试了涂层在650℃下的氧化性能。结果表明：Fe-Al／WC复合涂层的氧化动力学曲线近似呈现出对数规律；涂层的氧化物以Al2O3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4和FeO等为主，且其分布不均匀；涂层表面优先形成具有保护性的Al2O3膜，阻止了涂层的进一步氧化。     

Al2O3对等离子喷涂Cr2O3/TiO2/Al2O3/SiO2复合陶瓷涂层性能影响研究

目的研究Al_2O_3添加量对Cr_2O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3/SiO_2四元复合陶瓷涂层性能的影响。方法采用等离子喷涂技术在油气管道X80管线钢基体表面制备出具有不同Al_2O_3含量的四元复合陶瓷涂层。另外,为探究基体温度对涂层性能的影响,所有涂层均在等离子喷枪预热及室温的两种基体上制备。所制涂层的气孔率、硬度、结合力及电化学腐蚀性能分别采用煮沸称重法、维氏硬度计、划痕仪、电化学工作站进行检测,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析不同Al_2O_3含量涂层的物相组成和形貌特征,研究Al_2O_3含量对涂层各性能的影响。结果随着Al_2O_3含量的增加,Cr_2O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3/SiO_2四元复合陶瓷涂层的气孔率呈现先降低后增加的趋势,相对应的四元复合陶瓷涂层的结合力、维氏硬度则先增加后降低。当Al_2O_3质量分数为60%时,四元复合陶瓷涂层的性能最优,气孔率为3.6%,硬度为824.6HV,结合力为53.8N。电化学腐蚀测试表明,Al_2O_3能增强涂层的耐腐蚀性能,Al_2O_3质量分数为60%时,涂层自腐蚀电位最高,为-0.28 V。另外,在基体预热和不预热条件下,所制涂层性能随Al_2O_3含量的变化一致,但是基体预热比不预热更有利于涂层性能的提高。结论 Al_2O_3的添加不仅能够有效降低涂层Cr含量,还能显著提升四元复合陶瓷涂层的各项性能,特别是耐腐蚀性。此外,等离子喷涂前对基体进行预热,有利于涂层性能提高。     

Zn-Al系列高速电弧喷涂层电化学防腐性能研究

采用粉芯丝材和高速电弧喷涂技术制备高Al含量的Zn-26％Al涂层。通过电化学的方法测试涂层在5％NaCl溶液下的腐蚀行为，并与由实芯丝材纯Zn、纯Al及Zn-15％A1所制备的涂层作比较。结果表明：Zn-26％A1涂层在电解质溶液中表现出更优越的防腐性能。动电位极化测试结果说明zn-Al涂层随着Al含量的增加，其耐蚀性也提高。纯Al涂层的电化学腐蚀行为与其它涂层有明显差异，其腐蚀机理类似于点蚀。     

Oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings produced by high velocity arc sprayed at 800 ℃

Fe-Al/WC intermetallic composite coatings were prepared by high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) technology on 20G steel and the oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings was studied. The results demonstrate that the kinetics curve of oxidation approximately follows the logarithmic law and the oxidation velocity of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings is less than that of 20G steel after 5 h. The composition of oxidized coating is mainly composed of Al2O3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO. These phases distribute unevenly. The protective Al2O3 film firstly forms and preserves the coatings from further oxidation.     

高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al涂层在800℃下的氧化性能

采用高速电弧喷涂技术(HVAS)在20G钢基体上制备了Fe-Al金属间化合物涂层，测试了涂层在800℃下的氧化性能．结果表明，Fe-Al涂层的氧化动力学曲线近似呈现对数规律，其在5h后的氧化增重低于20G钢；涂层的氧化物为Al2O3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4和FeO等，且其分布不均匀；涂层表面优先形成具有保护性的Al2O3膜，阻止了涂层的进一步氧化。     

Oxidation Performance of Fe-Al/WC Composite Coatings Produced by High Velocity Arc Sprayed at 650℃

The Fe-Al/WC intermetallic composite coatings have been prepared by high velocity arc spraying(HVAS)technology on 20G steel and the oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings has been studied by means of thermogrativmetic analyzer. The results demonstrate that the kinetics curve of oxidation approximately follows the logarithmic law. The composition of the oxidized coating surface mainly is composed of Al2O3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO which distribute unevenly. The protective Al2O3 film firstly forms and preserves the coatings from further oxidation.     

高速电弧喷涂枪结构优化的试验

试验优化了一种高速电弧喷涂枪的结构.用SprayWatch-2i热喷涂监测系统测试了喷枪的雾化熔滴速度,并研究了Al涂层和3Cr13涂层的组织和性能.结果表明,丝材和导电嘴的存在,严重扰动了雾化气流流态,两丝夹角和丝交点离喷管出口距离也显著影响了喷管气流场的分布特征;改进设计喷枪的雾化熔滴速度显著提高,其3Cr13雾化熔滴的最高速度达到210 m/s;涂层组织和力学性能也得到改善,喷涂Al涂层和3Cr13涂层时,结合强度分别提高了55%和39%,硬度值也分别增加了26%和9%,涂层的显微组织更均匀致密,孔隙率更低.