热挤压对SiC/2024Al复合材料性能的影响

采用冷压烧结工艺制备35%Si C/2024Al基(质量分数)复合材料,对烧结后的试样进行热挤压二次成形。利用金相显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)观察热挤压前后材料的微观组织,检测复合材料的物理和力学性能,研究热挤压前后Si C颗粒的分布特征、基体晶粒变化情况以及复合材料的强化机理。结果表明:挤压后的Si C颗粒偏聚现象减少,分布更加均匀,具有一定的"流向"性;挤压后的基体晶粒发生明显的细化;复合材料的致密度和抗拉强度得到明显的提高。     

热挤压对SiC_p/6061Al基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法(PM)制备了SiC_p/6061Al基复合材料,并对材料进行热挤压。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察材料的微观组织,分析了材料的物理性能和力学性能,研究了热挤压对复合材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明:对PM法制备的铝基复合材料进行热挤压,可以大大提高复合材料的致密度和力学性能,热挤压后的SiC颗粒分布与挤压力方向趋于一致,在基体中的分布更加均匀。     

挤压温度和挤压比对AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响

本文研究了挤压比和挤压温度对AZ31镁合金热挤压材显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,挤压可以显著细化AZ31合金的显微组织,挤压比越大,晶粒尺寸越细小,力学性能得到较大提高;随着挤压温度的升高,晶粒有所长大,抗拉强度基本呈减小趋势,而延伸率则先升后降;挤压比为35、挤压温度为350℃时,可得到细化均匀的合金组织和良好的力学性能.     

热挤压对硼化物增强Mg-Li基复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察铸态与热挤压态B4C增强Mg-Li基复合材料及其断口的显微形貌,研究热挤压对该复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:热挤压加工可有效改善铸态Mg-Li基复合材料中强化相的分布均匀性,显著提高材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率;基体合金在热挤压过程中发生动态再结晶,显微组织得到细化;在150~250℃范围内,挤压温度越高,强化相分布越均匀,基体合金的再结晶程度越高,因而复合材料的伸长率越高;200℃下热挤压的复合材料具有较好的力学性能,其抗拉强度为237.5 MPa,伸长率为21.7%,分别比铸态样品提高46.1%和126%。     

钨铜热变形致密化工艺及组织性能研究

以W-40%Cu(质量分数)为原料,采用机械球磨-冷压制坯-液相烧结-热挤压的工艺,制备出微观组织均匀、性能优异的复合材料.在试验中,首先对W、Cu粉末进行机械球磨,之后分别进行压制、液相烧结;接着对烧结后坯料进行了一次热挤压、二次热挤压.结果表明:经过二次挤压后,材料的致密度、导电性以及硬度都得到较大提高,并且材料微观组织比较均匀.该工艺不仅可提高W-Cu复合材料的性能,而且还有效解决了此类不互溶材料致密化困难的问题.     

热挤压石墨烯/Al基复合材料的组织及性能研究

随着科技的不断发展，为满足军工、航空航天、汽车、电子工业等对铝合金的性能提出的更高的性能、功能及结构等需求，Al基复合材料具有高比强度、高比刚度、低密度、低热膨胀系数、高耐磨性，由于其优异的力学性能及良好的可加工性成为该领域的关键新型材料。实验采用粉末冶金技术制备了石墨烯质量分数为1%的石墨烯/Al基复合材料，通过扫描电镜（SEM），高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和拉伸试验机表征了烧结态和挤压态石墨烯/Al基复合材料的微观组织，拉伸性能和断口形貌，系统性研究了热挤压前和热挤压后Al基复合材料中石墨烯纳米片的分布状态，进而探明了热挤压工艺对石墨烯/Al基复合材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明：挤压态石墨烯/Al基复合材料的组织均匀致密，缺陷和孔洞数量明显较烧结态大幅降低。超声分散和热挤压工艺有效抑制了石墨烯与Al基体的有害界面反应。挤压态石墨烯/Al基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率为161.34 MPa和23.57%，较烧结态（124.41 MPa, 20.78%）分别提高29.7%和13.5%。断口形貌显示烧结态石墨烯/Al基复合材料的断口韧窝小并且浅，撕裂棱光亮，而挤压态石墨烯/Al基复合材料...     

热加工后SiC颗粒的分布对喷射沉积7075/SiC_p复合材料性能的影响

研究了多层喷射沉积大尺寸7075/SiCp复合材料的沉积坯和挤压坯两种坯料经过循环压制加工后SiC颗粒的分布,测试了复合材料循环压制后的力学性能,通过拉伸断口SEM形貌分析了复合材料的断裂行为.结果表明:沉积坯经过循环压制后发生了SiC颗粒的破碎,但是由于塑性变形程度有限,基体依然不致密,破碎的SiC颗粒团聚在一起,复合材料的强度和伸长率都较低.挤压坯经过循环压制后SiC颗粒尺寸较小、分布均匀,复合材料性能得到提高.     

SiCp+Gr/2024Al复合材料的力学性能和加工性能

颗粒增强的铝基复合材料已在航空航天、汽车等工业领域获得广泛的使用,但难加工性限制了此类复合材料的广泛应用.选用SiC颗粒和鳞片状石墨作为增强体,采用挤压铸造法制备SiCp+Gr/2024Al 复合材料,在保证材料力学性能的前提下改善材料的加工性能.结果表明,复合材料组织致密,石墨和SiC颗粒在基体中均匀分布;铸态组织中SiC和石墨颗粒与基体Al合金都未发现界面反应物;随着石墨的体积分数的增大,拉伸强度和弹性模量都下降,但加工性能得到明显的改善.石墨改善切削性能的机制为影响切屑形成机制和石墨对刀具的润滑作用.     

粉末热挤压SiC_p/2024铝基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能

利用粉末热挤压工艺制备SiCp/2024铝基复合材料,研究所制备复合材料的挤压态和热处理态的显微组织及力学性能,分析复合材料的断口形貌和断裂类型。结果表明:大部分SiC颗粒和析出的大量细小第二相粒子均匀地分布在基体合金中,部分区域的SiC颗粒存在轻微团聚现象,晶粒沿挤压方向被显著拉长,刚性的SiC颗粒长轴平行于挤压方向分布,形成热加工纤维组织。对复合材料进行T6(490℃固溶75 min+170℃时效8 h)热处理后,复合材料的晶粒比较细小,抗拉强度达470 MPa,主要的析出强化相为S′(Al2CuMg)。挤压比的提高有利于提高SiC颗粒和基体合金的界面结合强度。粉末热挤压法制备的SiCp/2024铝基复合材料热处理后的断裂方式主要有3种:SiC颗粒断裂、SiC颗粒与基体合金的剥离和基体合金的韧性断裂,该复合材料的断裂机制为韧性断裂和脆性断裂共存的混合断裂。     

铁白铜BFe10-1-1组织性能变化规律研究

随着舰船、制糖制盐等工业中冷凝管材使用量的增加,铜镍合金管材作为冷凝管材的首选材料,其成分、组织及性能对其挤压成型工艺具有重要影响。本文结合国内某铜镍合金无缝管生产企业的铸造、挤压工艺和生产实际,研究了BFe10-1-1铜合金管在铸态和挤压态下试样的组织结构与性能演变规律,得出白铜BFe10-1-1合金的铸锭组织为典型的正常枝晶组织,晶内存在成分偏析,为均匀的单相固溶体;热挤压后得到的管材晶粒均匀,有纤维组织以及孪晶出现,但无粗大尺寸晶粒;热挤压后的管材抗拉强度及屈服强度均优于其挤压前铸态时的强度。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.