啁啾光纤光栅在硫系光纤激光器中的色散补偿

中红外波段包含极其重要的大气窗口和众多分子的指纹区,基于硫系玻璃的中红外光纤激光器逐渐引起人们的重视。由于硫系玻璃具有极高的非线性和色散特性,脉冲激光在硫系光纤中的展宽成为发展中红外超短激光必须解决的重要问题。针对脉冲激光在硫系光纤中传输的展宽问题,设计线性啁啾光纤光栅,用于补偿高斯脉冲激光经过光纤之后的色散展宽。模拟结果表明:光纤色散导致的脉冲展宽可以通过线性啁啾光纤光栅进行很好的补偿。进一步研究发现,通过对设计的啁啾光纤光栅运用高斯变迹函数进行切趾优化,可以显著改善色散补偿的效果,以获得对脉冲激光色散展宽的完全补偿。文中的研究对于设计高质量的硫系中红外光纤激光器具有理论指导意义。     

Highly nonlinear bismuth-oxide fiber for supercontinuum generation and femtosecond pulse compression

Highly nonlinear normally dispersive bismuth-oxide fiber shows promise for applications such as supercontinuum generation and femtosecond pulse compression in the telecommunications-wavelength range. To generate a wideband and flat supercontinuum spectrum, the balance between fiber nonlinearity and normal group velocity dispersion (GVD) is important. Highly nonlinear bismuth-oxide fiber exhibits a large nonlinearity due to the small effective area and nonlinear index of the host glass material. The fiber also has a relatively flat dispersion profile over a large wavelength range. Utilizing these features, we generate a smooth unstructured supercontinuum between 1200 and 1800 nm. This supercontinuum is passed through a grating pair, and pulses, originally of 150-fs length, are compressed to 25 fs.     

Long-haul WDM transmission using higher order fiber dispersionmanagement

We propose a fiber dispersion management scheme for large-capacity long-haul wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems that considers not only second- but also third-order dispersion characteristics using transmission fibers with opposite dispersion signs. It eliminates the waveform distortion of WDM signals that originates from the existence of third-order dispersion, which is a constraint placed on WDM capacity in conventional dispersion management, while reducing the interchannel interaction caused by the interplay of fiber nonlinearity and second-order dispersion. Design concept of the scheme is discussed to show the feasibility of using actual fiber parameters. An experimental investigation on transmission performance regarding the signal pulse format, nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ), and interchannel interaction caused by four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) is described for optimizing WDM system performance. It is experimentally shown that RZ pulse transmission is possible without significant spectral broadening over a wide wavelength range in dispersion managed fiber spans. Using these results together with a wideband optical amplifier gain-bandwidth management technique, yields long-distance WDM transmission with the capacity of 25×10 Gb/s over 9288 km     

Effects of self-phase modulation on sub-500 fs pulse transmissionover dispersion compensated fiber links

The effects of nonlinearity on sub-500 fs pulse transmission over dispersion compensated fiber links using dispersion compensating fiber technique are investigated numerically and experimentally. The pulse broadening and recompression ratio of the 2.5-km transmission link is over 300. The postcompensated and precompensated links are compared when the input pulse energy ranges from 15 to 159 pJ. At high powers, self-phase modulation (SPM) degrades the pulse recompression process and provides an upper bound on the transmitted pulse energy. The SPM effect is stronger in the postcompensated link than in the precompensated link. A dramatic spectral narrowing effect was observed in the postcompensated link. Pulse energies up to tens of pJ, consistent with high quality communication, should be possible for a sub-500 fs pulse in such dispersion compensated links     

Numerical study on a frequency-tunable actively mode-locked fiber laser

We have numerically presented an actively mode-locked fiber laser with tunable repetition rate based on phase modulator. By finely optimizing intra-cavity parameters, the ultrashort pulses with tunable repetitive frequency at giga hertz level can be easily generated due to the balance between dispersion and nonlinearity in the fiber laser cavity. When the pulse frequency is changed from 1.0 GHz to 4.2 GHz, the spectral width increases from ~15.65 nm to ~27.25 nm. In addition, the corresponding pulse duration decreases from ~81.59 ps to ~31.57 ps. Moreover, these output pulses with giga hertz repetitive rates and the picosecond widths can be further compressed by using the reasonable dispersion medium. For the pulse regime with repetition frequency at giga hertz level, the obtained smallest pulse duration is about ~62 fs based on chirp pulse compression. We hope that these simulation results can promote further research and application in the ultrashort pulse lasers with high repetition rate.     

负折射介质中高阶非线性效应所致啁啾的研究

利用分步傅里叶法对负折射介质中的广义非线性薛定谔方程进行数值模拟,进而分别得到自相位调制、赝五阶非线性、自陡峭、二阶非线性色散所致啁啾及各项非线性所致总啁啾的演变图.从啁啾上分析了负折射介质中各项非线性效应在脉冲传输时的作用,结果表明,负折射介质中,自陡系数取值的正负可控使脉冲中心位置可向前后沿偏移;在正常色散区,赝五阶非线性系数为负时加速脉冲的展宽,二阶非线性色散项系数取正时使脉冲展宽,取负时使脉冲变窄.     

基于非线性渐增原理获得抛物线型自相似脉冲的研究

采用理论推导和数值模拟相结合的方法研究了脉冲在指数渐增的非线性渐增光纤(NIF)中的自相似演化。结果表明,与双曲渐减的正色散渐减光纤(ND-DDF)类似,利用指数渐增的NIF也可获得具有严格线性啁啾的抛物线型自相似脉冲。同时深入研究了ND-DDF和NIF两种增益等效方式对自相似演化特性的影响,结果表明:1)等效增益决定了脉冲自相似演化的结果,等效方式决定了脉冲自相似演化进程快慢;2)在具有相等的等效增益条件下,脉冲在指数渐增NIF和双曲渐减ND-DDF中演化为相同的自相似脉冲,但是前者对脉冲的自相似演化更高效,即前者实现自相似演化所需光纤长度更短;3)两种增益等效方式所需光纤长度的关系是使得各自具有相同的光纤有效放大因子。     

Numerical simulation of asymmetric dual-core fiber with large group-velocity dispersion

The asymmetric dual-core fiber(ADCF) is proposed to obtain large group velocity dispersion(GVD) because of the coupling effects between the fundamental modes of the central core and high-order modes of the side core. The supermodes of the ADCF can provide anomalous-and normal-GVD profiles with large peak values at the maximum dispersion wavelengths. The maximum dispersion wavelengths can be shifted in the wavelength window of 1 550 nm by properly tuning the refractive indexes and diameters of the cores or spacing between the two cores. Furthermore, the numerical results show that the ADCF with the normal-GVD supermode 1 can be employed in the pulse broadening, where the broadening factor can reach more than 30 without pulse distortion from nonlinear effects.     

初始啁啾补偿光纤色散效应的数值研究

以具有初始啁啾的高斯脉冲在单模光纤中的传输为例,分析、计算了线性初始啁啾对光纤二阶、三阶色散效应的影响,指出了初始啁啾进行色散补偿的适用范围和条件,并对二阶、三阶色散完全补偿光纤链路中40Gbit/s短脉冲传输效果进行了数值计算,结果表明,依据入射功率选择合适的初始啁啾,能使脉冲稳定传输距离大幅提升.     

γ辐射对光纤色散的影响

提出了基于能量沉积的辐射对光纤折射率的影响分析方法,计算了光纤的色散变量随光纤的V参数、折射率变化,开展了辐射对光纤色散影响的测量实验,得到了光纤的色散系数随辐射剂量变化数据。实验及理论计算结果表明:(1) 光纤的色散系数随辐射剂量的增加而增大,在一定的剂量(0~500 Gy)范围内,光纤色散增加量呈逐渐饱和趋势;(2) 辐射导致光纤折射率发生变化,从而引起材料色散的变化,辐射效应中的电子密度增大是折射率改变的主要因素;(3) 辐射感生损耗引起的信号幅度降低要比辐射感生色散引起的脉冲展宽明显,对于暴露在核辐射环境中的长距离光纤,其脉冲信号产生的畸变是两者同时存在并共同作用的结果。     

Stretched-pulse optical fiber communications

We compare numerically long-distance propagation of two types of nonlinear pulses: a stretched pulse in a fiber with alternating normal and anomalous dispersion and a soliton in a fiber with uniformly anomalous dispersion. Numerical evaluation of timing jitter and Q factor reveals that stretched pulses can be propagated over longer distances than solitons with the same (averaged) fiber dispersion in the presence of weak fixed-frequency filtering. We also examine pulse-to-pulse interactions between stretched pulses and the influence of fluctuations of the fiber dispersion.     

飞秒激光脉冲在大气中的色散及补偿

卫星飞秒激光测距理论上可达到亚微米量级的测距精度,但飞秒激光脉冲在大气中传输时由色散导致的脉冲展宽显著,会使测距精度下降。为补偿飞秒激光脉冲在大气中的色散需对其色散量进行定量计算。推导了飞秒激光脉冲在大气中的群速度色散和脉冲展宽公式,表明脉冲展宽程度和群速度色散及传输距离有关;中心波长相同的飞秒激光脉冲脉宽越窄色散越严重,而当脉宽相同时,中心波长越短色散越严重。计算比较了大气和BK7玻璃的群延时、群速度色散和三阶色散。卫星激光测距系统应采用中心波长较长的1 550 nm的飞秒激光脉冲,脉宽应适当选取。由于飞秒激光色散严重,提出了采用单模光纤序列进行粗补偿和采用光栅对进行精密补偿的两种补偿相结合的方式对其色散进行补偿。     

不同剖面色散缓变光纤中调制不稳定性分析

研究了不同群色散剖面结构的色散缓变光纤中调制不稳定性增益谱。结果表明,各种群色散剖面光纤的增益谱宽并不相同,指数型光纤的增益谱宽与传输距离是一单调关系;线型、高斯型、对数型光纤的增益谱宽变化曲线都有一个谷底;双曲线型光纤情况较为特殊,它的增益谱宽先是展宽,然后又逐渐减小。并从调制不稳定性的角度解释了用色散缓变光纤实现脉冲压缩的机理。     

在线放大器为PSA的动态孤子通信系统传输性能受光纤色散参量影响的研究

通过计算机系统仿真研究光纤色散参量对以相敏光放大器(PSA)作为在线放大器的动态孤子系统传输性能的影响。研究结果表明,PSA增益的相敏特性使孤子脉冲主瓣幅度因光纤色散而下降,脉宽展宽,出现旁瓣。光纤色散值越大,经长距离传输后,孤子脉冲主瓣的下降幅度和脉宽展宽程度越显著;且旁瓣脉宽越宽。     

Short pulse generation by higher order soliton-effect compression:effects of optical fiber characteristics

The effects of optical fiber characteristics on higher order soliton-effect pulse compression are investigated. We show that, for the compression of pulses with widths in the range of a few picoseconds or less, stimulated Raman scattering and third order dispersion result in severe degradation of the optimum compression ratio F_opt, while self-steepening has negligible effect. The initial pulse width dependence and the group velocity dispersion dependence of F_opt are investigated, leading to the identification of regimes that maximize F_opt and minimize the compressed pulse width. The effects of stimulated Raman scattering and third order dispersion on the quality of the compressed pulses are also investigated     

飞秒脉冲在高非线性光纤中产生超连续谱的特性研究

采用分步傅里叶方法,对飞秒脉冲在高非线性光纤中超连续谱的形成过程进行了研究,分析了脉冲峰值功率,脉冲宽度及初始频率啁啾对超连续谱特性的影响.结果表明,脉冲峰值功率、脉冲宽度以及初始啁啾对超连续谱的形成有着极其重要的影响;当脉冲峰值功率逐渐增大,超连续谱随之愈宽(-20dB处谱宽从170nm展宽到400nm以上),平坦度愈好.与之相反,脉冲宽度逐渐增大,超连续谱展宽范围减小,其平坦度也逐渐劣化;初始负啁啾有利于脉冲SC谱的展宽而正啁啾使脉冲SC谱的展宽受到一定抑制.进一步研究表明,适当的峰值功率超短啁啾脉冲在高非线性光纤传输时,得到没有泵浦成份残余的超宽且平坦超连续谱.     

基于色散渐减、非线性渐增原理的脉冲压缩

从理论上推导了色散渐减同时非线性渐增原理可以压缩脉冲的结论,并利用对称分步傅里叶方法研究了在不同色散渐减与非线性渐增比值下所得压缩脉冲的压缩比与基座性能,数值结果表明,非线性渐增原理最有利于脉冲压缩,而已有的基于色散渐减原理压缩脉冲的方法是压缩比最低的情况.通过和色散减渐方法压缩脉冲相比,表明利用非线性渐增方法可以在获得几乎相同的压缩比与更小的基座能量的同时将所需光纤长度缩短为原来的一半.     

单脉冲锁模光纤激光器输出特性的数值研究

为了研究不同腔内净色散下单脉冲被动锁模光纤激光器的输出特性,采用以非线性薛定谔方程为数学模型和分步傅里叶的方法,对激光脉冲在腔内的演化进行了理论分析。获得了在保持单脉冲稳定输出时激光器一些参量与腔内净色散的变化关系,并针对净色散为正的情况,对输出脉冲进行了腔外解啁啾压缩,压缩比达到10倍以上,分析了压缩所需的负色散值以及压缩后脉宽的情况。结果表明,小信号增益系数最大值与净腔色散大体上成正比关系,且当小信号增益系数达到最大值时,输出脉冲的脉宽以及相应的时间带宽积呈现逐渐增加的趋势,3dB带宽则呈现出先增加后减少的趋势。该研究结果为优化被动锁模光纤激光器提供了参考。     

皮秒脉冲泵浦光子晶体光纤超连续谱产生的研究

在包含自发拉曼散射噪声的广义非线性薛定愕方程的基础上,利用单光子噪声模型,理论研究了泵浦脉冲的中心频率和峰值功率对皮秒脉冲在光子晶体光纤中时域和频域演化的影响．发现在正常色散区泵浦,由色散和自相位调制的联合作用引起光波分裂导致皮秒脉冲展宽;零色散波长附近泵浦,光波展宽以四波混频为主;反常色散区域泵浦,调制的不稳定性将初始脉冲分解成一系列孤子脉冲后,高阶孤子分裂、拉曼散射、孤子自频是导致光谱展宽的主要机制．自相位调制感应调制不稳定性在皮秒脉冲初始分裂过程中发挥了重要作用。     

光纤中超连续谱的产生与分析

利用MATLAB分析光纤中产生的超连续谱谱线展宽情况。结果表明．光纤中超连续谱的产生主要是拉曼自频移、群速度色散、自相位调制和三阶色散效应共同作用的结果。给出了光纤传输过程中增宽谱线的方法。