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1.
1.  Provision for stability of slopes is one of the main problems in designing plains PSHS.
2.  The reasons for occurrence and a chain reaction of development of landslide phenomena on the south slope of the area of basic structures of the Zagorsk PSHS were peculiarities of its engineering-geological structure that were not properly taken into account in designing and carrying out construction work.
3.  For the purpose of stabilizing the landslide slope, a system of engineering measures was developed and implemented, including a change in the configuration and structure of the right-bank abutment of the upper-basin levee to the water intake, construction of a banquette, filling of a counterbanquette, draining of moraine loams, grading of the slope, surface water diversion, and monitoring of the state of the slope and elements of the antilandslide protection.
4.  Data from full-scale observatins indicate the effectiveness of the antilandslide measures that were performed and a state of the slope corresponding to criteria for the hydro development's safe operation.
5.  Innovative elements of the system of measures to stabilize the south landslide slope of the Zagorsk PSHS are:
–  the complex nature of measures, providing for the optimum set of criteria with respect to reliability, technological efficiency, construction time, and cost of adjusted expenditures;
–  minimization of one-time and total excavation for the banquette, providing for the least disruption of the slope in the process of construction;
–  draining of moraine loams, which has no known analog;
–  the use of an ejector unwatering system, which provides for minimum adjusted expenditures on construction and operation of the drainage system.
Deceased.  相似文献   

2.
1.  Processes of variation of the dam-foundation-abutments system are not fading away, the operating regime of the structure has not stabilized.
2.  The unsteady and inelastic work of the bank abutments, evidently, is one of the causes of irreversible radial movements and development of fracturing in the first column of the dam.
3.  Cracking on the upstream face and progressive seepage through the concrete of the first column worsen the state of the concrete and the cracks are subject to healing by polymer materials. Polymer injections do not improve the work of the structure, but if the cracks are not healed promptly the volume of necessary repair works will increase with the course of time.
4.  To evaluate the stress state of the dam it is necessary to make calculations with consideration of the large stress raisers: water intakes, gate grooves, etc.
5.  It is required to evaluate the fact of the excess by a factor of 2–3 of the increments of the maximum arch stress over the design values in various load ranges.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 4, pp. 21–25, April, 1994.  相似文献   

3.
1.  Modified wood is an effective substitute of the laminated wood lining of bearing bushings for vertical pump units.
2.  An investigation of modified wood showed that this material in some indices (friction coefficient and wear resistance) is better than laminated wood.
3.  Since there is no mass manufacture and centralized supply of modified wood, it is possible to create a technological department for its production.
4.  Organization of the department does not require capital expenditures and special accommodations.
5.  Machining of the wood is performed on ordinary metal-cutting machines with the use of the tools used when machining laminated woods.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 7, pp. 33–35, July, 1991.  相似文献   

4.
1.  During the first years of operation of the turbines of the Ust'-Ilim hydrostation (1974–1979) increased cavitation erosion of the runner blades were noted. Blades with a maximum deviation of the geometry from the design had maximum erosion. Correction of the blade profile with the use of a three-dimensional template markedly reduced the intensity of cavitation erosion.
2.  Tests established that the best operating regimes of the units of the Ust'-Ilim hydrostation with respect to cavitation conditions is the load range 195–215 mW, deviations from which lead to a pronounced increase of cavitation erosion.
3.  A change in the profile of the trailing edges of the runner blades practically completely eliminated cavitation erosion on the rear surface of the blades near the trailing edges.
4.  Tests with hard-facing of the damaged blades by various electrodes showed the possibility of a substantial increase of the cavitation resistance of the hard-faced coating and accordingly an increase of the overhaul period with the use of electrodes of type TsN-22. It is required to organize immediately the production of cavitation-resistant electrodes, which are acutely needed for restoring cavitation damages of turbine runners.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 40–42, February, 1988.  相似文献   

5.
1.  The arch dam of the Khudoni hydrostation can be constructed by the continuous conveyor technology as enlarged blocks.
2.  The rate of concreting the dam for the proposed dimensions of the blocks and times of covering them can reach 200–250 m3/h.
3.  To attain the indicated rate of concreting, it is necessary to construct near the dam site a new concrete plant with facilities for cooling or heating the concrete mix.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 8, pp. 13–14, August, 1990.  相似文献   

6.
1.  In certain cases of constructing dams salt-containing soils serve as their foundation.
2.  Under these conditions reliable operation of the structures can be provided only by developing special engineering measures to control dissolution.
3.  All existing methods of protecting saliferous foundation soils of hydraulic structures from dissolution can be divided into passive, active, and combined.
4.  The combined methods should be considered the most effective for preventing removal of salts from foundation soils by the seepage flow.
5.  Large-scale field investigations of the work of the combined method of protecting saliferous foundation soils of the planned Lower Kafirnigan hydro development showed its high effectiveness even in the case of complex engineering-geological conditions at the construction site.
6.  Individual elements of the set of dissolution protective measures investigated under field conditions can be used in hydrotechnical and hydropower construction practice.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 10–14, October, 1994.  相似文献   

7.
1.  The data base for existing ACS PP at hydroelectric plants can be successfully employed as points for monitoring the conservation of an environment of local significance.
2.  It is expedient to discuss this problem with organizations, including local control groups interested in the development of territorial-basin systems for ecological monitoring.
3.  The initiative in creating local territorial-basin support points for monitoring should emanate from guidelines for hydroelectric plants with ACS PP.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 12, pp. 1–4, December, 1992.  相似文献   

8.
1.  The operating regime of the MFPT has a determining effect on the value and direction of action of radial forces.
2.  The presence of radial seals on runners does not lead to an unequivocal decrease of radial forces on the rotor.
3.  The use in MFPT of radial seals of the runner with the geometric parameters used in the usual turbines is accompanied by considerable RFs on the rotor, greater than in the turbines.
4.  A decrease of radial forces simultaneously in the PR and TR will cause difficulties in connection with differences in the values of the optimal parameters of the seals for each of the given regimes.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 12, pp. 22–25, December, 1994.  相似文献   

9.
1.  A method was developed for calculating structures for static and dynamic actions with consideration of deterministic and probabilistic approaches to the solution of the problems.
2.  The strength and reliability of structures of the machine hall of the powerhouse during discharge of floodwaters were estimated with the use of methods of statistical dynamics.
3.  Elements of reliability theory of engineering systems were used in estimating the reliability of the structures.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 4, pp. 25–31, April, 1994.  相似文献   

10.
1.  The plant manufacturer's power and efficiency guarantees are fulfilled.
2.  The power performance curves obtained for the hydraulic unit at four heads make it possible to select the makeup of operating units that will deliver maximum economy with the load distributed between the units.
3.  In operating the hydraulic units, special attention should be given to adjustment of the combiner curves in connection with the fact that its mismatch downgrades not only the economy of the hydraulic-turbine operation, but also the vibrational state of the hydraulic unit.
4.  Measurements of the vibration levels of the hydraulic units under several heads made it possible to determine the boundary line with respect to power over the entire range of operating heads.
Translated from Gidrotechnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 4, pp. 26–30, April, 1991.  相似文献   

11.
1.  An increase in the oil temperature in baths of bearings with EMP segments from 30–35 to 60°C leads to a decrease of friction losses by 20–30% due to a decrease of the oil viscosity in the oil film, and also produces an additional effect from a reduction of the consumption of water for cooling.
2.  A decrease of the operating reliability of the bearings with EMP segments does not occur when the oil temperature in the bath is increased to 60°C. Therefore there is no need to introduce restrictions in the operating regimes of the units.
3.  The existing systems of sealing the oil baths of the bearings do not prevent the escape of oil vapors from the oil baths at an oil temperature of 55–60°C. Therefore reconstruction of the seals is necessary before changing to an oil temperature increased to 60°C.
4.  On operating units of hydrostations it is expedient to increase the oil temperature in the baths of the bearings from 30–35° to 45–50°C by reducing the flow rate of the cooling water or disconnecting a part of the coolers, which leads to a decrease of friction losses by 12–15% and does not noticeably increase the escape of oil vapors from the bearing baths.
5.  On newly designed bearings with EMP segments it is expedient to specify a smaller number of oil coolers, and it is possible to do away with them entirely by increasing the cooling capacity of the walls of the oil baths, for example, by means of fins on them.
6.  To reduce losses in the bearings, the use of other, less viscous oils or other low-viscosity liquids is possible.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 11, pp. 20–24, November, 1990.  相似文献   

12.
1.  One of the new approaches to the use of wave power plants can be their use as a source of compressed air for operating a pneumatic breakwater.
2.  The use of wave power plants for protecting marine hydraulic structures from the effect of storm loads makes it possible to increase the cost effectiveness both of the WPPs themselves and of the hydraulic structures.
3.  A rough estimate of the cost of wave power plants shows their effectiveness as a source of electrical energy for remote regions of the USSR.
4.  The simplicity of the design of wave power plants enables organizing their mass production at shipyards or at the site of construction.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 7–10, February, 1992.  相似文献   

13.
1.  Sludge storage ponds can be located on any foundation soils, but economic calculations should be made for selecting the site.
2.  In the presence of seismic conditions, it is necessary to remove weak soils within the shoulder in order to provide its stability with a steepness of the downstream slope up to m=5. Other methods providing stability of the shoulder can also be used with appropriate technical and economic substantiation.
3.  The stability and possible liquefaction of soils of the shoulder should be determined only according to the guide Consideration of seismic loads when designing hydraulic structures, which is the only standard with respect to this problem.
4.  The size of the hydraulic-fill beach is determined on the basis of the particle-size distribution of the slurry.
5.  The permissible minimum width of the hydraulic-fill beach is determined on the basis of calculating the stability of the shoulder.
6.  It is necessary to recommend the construction of a siphon intake (discharge) located on the bank of the settling pool, which gives a more reliable and economical solution.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 12, pp. 53–55, December, 1991.  相似文献   

14.
1.  The predicted character of development of landslide movements permits saying that the slope is in a state of long-term creep and is extremely sensitive in the initial operating period to the character of technogenic effects.
2.  Long-term stability of the slope is provided only in the case of implementing the complete system of landslide-control measures.
3.  For monitoring the dynamics of the landslide process, it is necessary to continue instrumental observations during the entire operating period.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 1, pp. 35–39, January, 1991.  相似文献   

15.
1.  The final stage of damming the Irtysh River was carried out without complications owing to thorough preparation for this important stage of works on the part of the entire team of Irtyshgesstroi.
2.  The cut made to the upper cofferdam and undercutting of the cofferdams by dredges considerably facilitated damming of the Irtysh in the final stage.
3.  When modeling damming, the design and research organizations have to approach this important problem in greater detail and from all sides and to investigate the process with the active help in the investigations of those doing the damming.
4.  Damming of the Irtysh River in the region of Semipalatinsk city was complicated by the considerable difference of the actual drop in the gap and that determined on the model owing to the complexity of modeling such a large river with a multitude of branches.
5.  Damming of rivers in the winter at negative temperatures considerably complicates the works both organizationally and technologically, and therefore preparation for damming should be thoroughly perfected.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 9, pp. 13–16, September, 1991.  相似文献   

16.
1.  The actual state of the outlet works as a whole can be evaluated as positive.
2.  To provide complete readiness of the outlet works for service regimes and to keep them in good working order, it is necessary to seal the existing damages and subsequently to carry out annual scheduled preventive maintenance.
3.  Long service of the restored bottom revetment of the stilling basin is possible under conditions of a moderate regime of waste discharges with their uniform distribution over the basin width, shortening of their duration, and reduction of the number of outlets put into operation.
4.  The restored basin revetment is in need of careful observation of its condition and sealing.
5.  The use of outlets for reducing the rate of filling the reservoir and especially for providing navigation releases is not permissible. They should be used only if the discharge capacity of the hydrostation units is insufficient for preventing filling of the reservoir during the spring flood above the elevation of the NPL as well as for not exceeding the NPL during passage of the summer-fall freshets with the reservoir filled to the NPL.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 4, pp. 9–12, April, 1994.  相似文献   

17.
1.  The real deformation of elastic chambers of the thrust bearing on a hydraulic support under a load is plane-inclined in certain cases.
2.  Adjustment of the load on the bearing segments with installation of one indicator on the chamber does not always provide the necessary accuracy.
3.  It is advisable to adjust the bearing according to the method presented with the installation of two indicators on the chamber, which provides the necessary accuracy of distributing the load between segments.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 5, pp. 30–32, May, 1995.  相似文献   

18.
Conclusions  
1.  Gidrospetsproekt should design the groundwater system.
2.  One contractor should drill the wells and operate the groundwater-lowering system.
3.  In connection with the geological conditions, the wells should be of very high quality, for which own enrichment of the filter material (sand of the blanket) and strict control during drilling the wells are necessary.
4.  It is efficient to drill the wells by a 1BA-15V rig with a tool with backwashing.
5.  With respect to piles of the penstock foundation: Drilling the holes for the piles should be done only with casings. To organize 24-h work for increasing productivity. Works on forming the pile heads should be done immediately after concreting the pile. The piles should be tested after each change in the geological conditions.
6.  With respect vertical drainage: the wells should be of high quality, with an enormous safety margin.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 29–33, October, 1999.  相似文献   

19.
1.  The relative method of measuring the flow rates of water through a turbine is realized by simple means and provides a sufficient accuracy for the needs of hydrostation operation.
2.  Further works of design organizations, operating services, and manufacturing plants is necessary for increasing the reliability of the entire flow-rate measuring system.
3.  The operating staffs of hydrostations need to be materially encouraged to use the discharge efficiently for producing electricity.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 9, pp. 28–31, September, 1989.  相似文献   

20.
1.  Small hydrostations under high-mountain conditions should operate with trash racks, devices should be provided for their cleaning from trash and shuga, as well as shuga-deflectors into the diversion canal.
2.  To reduce abrasion of the turbine equipment, it is necessary to provide operation of the suspended-particle settling basins.
3.  Specifications on the assembly of bearings and movable couplings should be developed for conducting maintenance works.
4.  During restoration works the profile of the runner blades should be made strictly according to the template in conformity with the plant drawings.
5.  Extremely necessary is the equipping of hydrostation with means for monitoring the technial parameters (bearing temperature, water pressure in the passage, wobble of the shafting, etc.), observation of the changes in which will make it possible to carry out in good time preventive maintenance and to reduce the probability of occurrence of breakdown.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 43–45, March, 1990.  相似文献   

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