Hybrid simulation of a tall building with a double‐decker tuned sloshing damper system under wind loads

This study presents an advanced experimental system, hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL), recently referred to as hybrid testing, to validate the effectiveness of a double‐decker tuned sloshing damper (TSD) system with screens applied to a recently constructed tall building. The HIL simulation facilitates a performance analysis of a combined structure‐damper system in which the nonlinear behavior of liquid motion in a TSD is physically modeled, whereas a building system under wind loads that behaves linearly is embedded virtually utilizing a computer model. The scaled model of the TSD is composed of a computer‐controlled system with a shaking table, sensors, and a real‐time communication link. The virtual building system on the computer communicates in real time with the hardware, that is, the physical model of TSD to evaluate on‐the‐fly the performance of a combined building‐TSD system. External excitation including random loading characteristics of winds, waves, or earthquakes can be implemented in HIL to observe the dynamics of the building‐damper system under a host of loading scenarios. An example of a recently completed tall reinforced concrete building with multiple TSDs placed side by side in double‐decker configuration under a suite of external loads and the proposed damping estimation procedure to evaluate the amount of auxiliary damping with TSD for ensuring the TSD design is presented. It examines the habitability of the building in winds and evaluates the effectiveness of the TSD system as well as the efficacy of the first HIL simulation for an actual tall building‐TSD system equipped with screens inside.     

Optimizing parameters of tuned mass damper subjected to critical earthquake

Tuned mass damper (TMD) has been proposed as one of the vibration control methods for rehabilitation of buildings. Because the parameters of TMD can significantly affect the seismic performance of structures, many researches focused on finding the optimum parameters. Because earthquakes are random phenomena and future earthquakes in comparison with past earthquakes may be more destructive, the optimum design of TMD subjected to selected earthquakes can be nonconservative. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is to present the optimal design of TMD for the seismic vibration control of a structure subjected to a critical earthquake that produces the most severe response of a structure. In order to achieve this purpose, the parameters of TMD are optimized through minimizing the maximum displacement of the roof. First, three optimization methods are used to obtain the optimal parameters of TMD for a 10‐story shear building subjected to the critical earthquakes. Finally, the responses of the controlled and uncontrolled buildings such as the roof displacement, strokes, transfer function, and different forms of energy are compared. Results show that the optimum designs of TMD not only effectively reduce the roof displacement but also improve the seismic performance of the building.     

Proposed robust tuned mass damper for response mitigation in buildings exposed to multidirectional wind

The most common device for control of tall buildings under wind loads is the tuned mass damper (TMD). However, during their lifetimes, high‐rise and slender buildings may experience natural frequency changes under wind speed, ambient temperatures and relative humidity variations, among other factors, which make the TMD design challenging. In this paper, a proposed approach for the design of robust TMDs is presented and investigated. The approach accounts for structural uncertainties, optimization objectives and input excitation (wind or earthquake). For the use of TMDs in buildings, practical design parameters can be different from the optimum ones. Nevertheless, predetermined optimal parameters for a primary structure with uncertainties are useful to attain design robustness. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach, an example of a very slender building with uncertain natural frequencies is presented. The building represents a case study of an engineered design that is instructive. Basically, due to its geometry, the building behaves differently in one lateral direction (cantilever building) than the other (shear building). The proposed approach shows its robustness and effectiveness in reducing the response of tall buildings under multidirectional wind loads. In addition, linear‐quadratic Gaussian and fuzzy logic controllers enhanced the performance of the TMD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高层建筑结构舒适度的模糊可靠性分析

基于我国《高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程》(JGJ99—89)中关于人体舒适度验算的规定限值，并参考有关人体舒适度限值的标准，对高层建筑结构的舒适度进行了模糊可靠性分析，可供设计和修正规范时参考。     

地震作用下某高层结构MTMD减震控制研究

通过数值模拟研究了地震作用下高层结构多个调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)减震控制。根据实际工程,利用国际通用软件ETABS建立了结构三维有限元模型,进行了动力特性的分析,得到了结构的前几阶频率;根据不同场地类型,选取了4条典型的地震波;研究了调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的参数选取和有限元的模拟;运用时程分析方法,分别研究了不同地震作用下高层结构有无控制下的反应。研究结果表明,MTMD对高层结构的减震控制效果明显,场地类型对减震控制效果有一定的影响。所获得的结果为高层结构减震控制设计提供参考和依据。     

高层建筑结构舒适度的模糊可靠性分析及设计

根据模糊集和截集的概念,将模糊可靠性设计问题转化为常规可靠性设计问题。利用此观点对高层建筑结构的舒适度进行了模糊可靠性分析及设计研究。     

地震卓越频率(EDF)对主动调谐质量阻尼器抗震控制设计的影响评价

基于Kanai-Tajimi地震动模型，建立了设置主动调谐质量阻尼器(ATMD)结构的传递函数。于是，ATMD最优参数的评价准则定义为：设置ATMD结构的最大动力放大系数的最小值的最小化。ATMD有效性的评价准则定义为：设置ATMD结构的最大动力放大系数的最小值的最小化与未设置ATMD结构的最大动力放大系数之比。ATMD冲程的评价准则定义为：ATMD的最大动力放大系数。基于选择的评价准则，研究了地震卓越频率(EDF)对ATMD在控制结构位移响应时的最优参数、有效性和冲程的影响。     

高层建筑的等效设计风荷载与风振响应研究

基于某典型高层建筑详细的风洞试验结果,计算分析了该结构的基础等效静风荷载及结构顶部峰值加速度响应,与前期的风洞试验结果相对比,评估了不同风洞试验条件和周边建筑对试验结果的影响,获得的结果可以用于此结构的抗风设计以及居住者舒适度评估。     

Smart outrigger damper system for response reduction of tall buildings subjected to wind and seismic excitations

The outrigger damper system has recently been proposed to reduce the dynamic response of tall buildings subjected to lateral loads. Previous studies have shown that the outrigger damper system could effectively increase the response reduction capacity of tall buildings. The outrigger damper system was used not only for a response reduction of tall buildings, but also for adjusting the differential column shortening. When an outrigger damper system is designed optimally for wind or earthquake loads, it shows good control performance against each target excitation. On the other hand, the outrigger damper system designed for the wind load cannot effectively control the seismic responses and vice versa. This study examined the control performance of a smart outrigger damper system for reducing both the wind and seismic responses. The smart outrigger damper system was comprised of magnetorheological dampers. A fuzzy logic control algorithm, which was optimized by a multi-objective genetic algorithm, was used to control the smart outrigger damper system. Numerical analysis showed that the smart outrigger damper system could provide superior control performance for the reduction of both wind and earthquake responses compared to the general outrigger system and passive outrigger damper system.     

有大型中庭空间的超高层建筑风荷载试验研究

某超高层建筑高228m,在建筑中部设置大型中庭空间用于建筑的自然通风和采光等。对该建筑进行了风洞模型试验,根据试验结果分析了中庭内风压分布的特点、相关性及概率特征,并对比了有无中庭情况下结构的整体风荷载。结果表明:中庭内风压分布均匀,相关性高,其概率特征可按高斯分布进行处理,中庭的存在对结构整体风荷载没有影响。根据试验结果,并结合规范的分析,给出了中庭内风压的局部体型系数和阵风系数。     

超高层建筑群风荷载干扰效应数值模拟

针对超高层建筑群体的风荷载干扰效应问题,采用计算流体动力学方法,建立了多种典型干扰工况的超高层建筑模型进行风荷载分析,其结果显示出明显的干扰效应,分析结果对于类似工程具有一定的参考意义。     

Application of spherical tuned liquid damper in vibration control of wind turbine due to earthquake excitations

A spherical tuned liquid damper (TLD) is proposed as a cost‐effective method to reduce the earthquake‐induced vibration of wind turbines. A 1/20‐scale test model was designed to investigate its performance of controlling the structural vibration. A series of free and forced vibration experiments with different water depths in hemispherical containers were performed on the shaking table. Three measured ground acceleration‐time histories, including El Centro NS, El Centro EW and Tianjin EW, were selected to verify the effectiveness of spherical TLD in suppressing the earthquake‐induced vibration. The experimental results showed that the spherical TLD could effectively improve the damping capacity of the test model. The standard deviation of the dynamic response could be effectively reduced when the excitation frequency was approximately equal to its fundamental frequency. The liquid sloshing motion in containers was characterized by a highly nonlinear and complex nature. The effectiveness of spherical TLDs does not increase linearly as the mass of water in containers and is influenced greatly by the frequency components of earthquake excitations. For El Centro EW excitation, the standard deviations of the dynamic responses could be reduced more than 40% when the liquid mass was about 2% of the generalized mass. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental parametric study on wind‐induced vibration control of particle tuned mass damper on a benchmark high‐rise building

A particle tuned mass damper system is an integration of tuned mass damper and particle damper. The damping performance of such device is investigated by an aero‐elastic wind tunnel test on a benchmark high‐rise building. The robustness of the system is studied by comparing the damping performance to that of a traditional tuned mass damper, and the results show that the damper has excellent and steady wind‐induced vibration control effects. Meanwhile, the parameters (filling ratio, mass ratio, and mass ratio of the container to particles), which have great influence on the vibration reduction performance of the system, are also analyzed, and it is found that the particles filling ratio plays the most important role in deciding the damping effects of the dampers. There exists an optimum filling ratio and mass ratios in which the damper can reach the best damping state. Proper parameter selections can greatly improve the damping performance.     

调谐质量阻尼器和调谐型颗粒阻尼器减震性能对比研究

基于5层钢框架模型,通过试验对比了在地震激励下调谐质量阻尼器和调谐型颗粒阻尼器的减震性能,并探究了频率失调等因素的影响。通过数值模拟实现了两种阻尼器的优化设计,以考察充分发挥其性能的工况下,两种阻尼器的减震效果以及阻尼器相对位移行程的对比。研究表明：在频率调谐时,调谐质量阻尼器和调谐型颗粒阻尼器均能显著降低主体结构位移和加速度响应,调谐型颗粒阻尼器的减震效果更好,具有一定的减震优势,并且调谐型颗粒阻尼器的相对位移行程更小、减震频带更宽;当两者均为最优设计时,减震效果相当,但是最优化调谐型颗粒阻尼器系统的阻尼器与主体结构之间的相对位移更小,可降低相对位移幅值24.5%,并且具有更好的鲁棒性。     

附加PTMD风力发电机结构减振控制试验研究

通过开展附加颗粒调谐质量阻尼器(particle tuned mass damper, PTMD)风力发电机结构模型的自由振动试验和振动台试验,研究PTMD自身参数对其减振性能的影响规律,检验PTMD用于降低风力发电机结构不利振动的合理性与有效性,揭示随机激励下耦合系统的工作机理。借助自由振动试验研究了设计参数对PTMD减振性能的影响规律,初步确定了系统的参数配置。同时,通过地震波激励工况、风荷载激励工况和风-地震耦合荷载激励工况对风力发电机结构使用PTMD进行振动控制的合理性与有效性进行了检验,进一步揭示随机激励下耦合系统的减振机理。试验结果表明：颗粒-腔体质量比和频率比参数分别取值0.27和0.97时PTMD表现出较好的减振性能;3种随机激励下PTMD能够有效抑制风力发电机结构的动力响应,其中,El Centro波作用下,PTMD对结构顶部加速度和位移峰值响应的控制效果分别为5.52%和7.73%,而对均方根响应的控制效果则高达33.3%和32.08%。由此可见,PTMD对均方根响应的控制效果优于峰值响应。对比传统调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)结果可知,经合理设计的PTMD具有更佳的减振...     

Design and simulation of type II fuzzy logic controller for capturing maximum wind energy

The main purpose of this paper is to capture the maximum output power of the wind turbine under various environmental conditions. To achieve this goal, the wind turbine model has been studied and analysed under both low-wind and high-wind circumstances and due to the noisy behaviour of the wind, type II fuzzy logic controller is used for this purpose. Simulations with MATLAB show that type II fuzzy logic controller has better performance than type I.     

CAARC高层建筑标准模型层风荷载谱数学模型研究

用风洞试验方法在B、D两种地貌下研究了CAARC高层建筑标准模型在不同高度处的顺风向和横风向风荷载的功率谱特性和相干特性。结果显示:不同高度的无因次风荷载功率谱密度具有较好的一致性;在顺风向,不同高度风荷载间的相干特性显示出指数式的衰减规律;在横风向,风荷载在漩涡脱落频率附近有很强的相关性,相干函数值接近于1。根据风荷载沿结构高度变化的特征,进一步采用拟合方法确定了各层风荷载的功率谱密度和层间荷载相干函数的经验公式,建立了层风荷载谱数学模型,并给出了以此为基础计算标准模型风振响应的计算流程。将按照本文模型计算得到的广义力功率谱与高频底座力天平试验的结果作比较,结果吻合较好,证明了本文所提出模型的正确性。     

空调器新型模糊控制器研究

分析比较了空调器控制中一般模糊控制器及其改进型的不足 ,提出了一种能够实现控制规则在线连续调整的方法 ,设计了相应的控制器。仿真结果表明 ,该型控制器具有良好的控制品质 ,而且结构简单、运算量小、易于实现。     

六塔楼群体高层建筑风场数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对杭州市市民中心这一六塔楼群体高层建筑的风场进行了计算分析,获得了该建筑与典型规则钝体建筑所不同的风场分布特征.同时,给出了设计时可用的整体阻力系数值.     

深圳京基金融中心横风向风振控制试验研究

在边界层风洞试验中应用气弹模型技术对深圳京基金融中心（KFT）进行风振控制试验,通过在KFT顶层设计安装悬臂式调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)对结构横风向风振响应进行控制,研究了不同TMD参数对控制效果的影响,并将试验结果和基于刚性模型的高频压力积分(HFPI)计算结果进行比较。结果表明：使用TMD能有效抑制KFT的风致振动响应,当TMD频率接近结构1阶自振频率时,减振效果最佳,且由于结构阻尼的存在,最佳TMD频率略小于结构自振频率;TMD阻尼比为3.86%和1.67%时,结构顶层加速度响应分别减小20%和15%,而TMD阻尼比不大于0.07%时则可能对结构风致振动响应的控制不起作用。