Studies on various structural system design options for twisted tall buildings and their performances

Employing twisted forms for tall buildings is a recent architectural phenomenon. This paper studies various structural system design options for twisted tall buildings and their performances based on lateral stiffness. Twisted tall buildings of various heights and rates of twist are designed with different types of contemporary tall building structural systems, such as diagrids, braced tubes and outrigger systems. The heights of the studied buildings range from 60 to 100 stories, and the rates of twist range from 0° to 3° per floor. As the rate of twist increases, the lateral stiffness of the tower decreases. The stiffness reduction rate caused by twisting is very much dependent upon the structural systems employed for twisted tall buildings. While an emphasis is placed on the structural performance of twisted tall buildings, other aspects, such as architectural and constructional issues, are also discussed holistically. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

智利地震钢筋混凝土高层建筑震害对我国高层结构设计的启示

2010年2月27日在南美洲智利发生的8.8级大地震,造成了钢筋混凝土高层建筑的严重破坏,这是近年来现代钢筋混凝土高层建筑经历的最大地震,引起了国内外工程设计人员的广泛关注.以智利高层建筑结构体系特点入手,分别介绍了智利地震中钢筋混凝土剪力墙高层建筑、立面收进复杂高层建筑、连体复杂高层建筑、带消能减震支撑超高层建筑、带...     

复杂高层建筑抗震与消能减震研究进展

复杂高层建筑的震害在近来的历次地震中都有发生,其抗震分析和设计难度较大,提高其抗震性能是当前建筑抗震的难点之一。通过对近10年来国内在复杂高层建筑抗震方面的研究进行回顾和总结,重点介绍了组合剪力墙及筒体结构、钢管混凝土结构、结构模型振动台试验和三种消能减震方法。提出了采用新型高效的结构体系及高性能抗震部件或消能减震新技术改善复杂高层建筑抗震性能。这些研究工作与工程实践紧密结合,大部分研究成果已在实际工程中成功应用。图18参28     

高层建筑风荷载研究成果的述评

高层建筑风荷载研究,是结构风工程最重要的研究内容之一。深入开展建筑物表面风荷载研究、建筑物风致响应研究、建筑物风荷载干扰和舒适性研究,对于正确分析高层建筑风荷载的力学响应,保证结构的安全性与适应性,具有重要的指导意义。本文论述了高层建筑风荷载研究领域的主要成就和最新进展,并对其研究发展思路提出了一些看法。     

上海市超限高层建筑工程的若干问题研究

近年来,上海市超限高层建筑工程大量涌现.这些超限高层建筑在抗震设计方面往往存在问题.首先介绍超限高层建筑工程的定义,并根据定义对上海市124项超限高层建筑工程的超限情况进行汇总分析;然后阐述超限高层建筑结构计算与结果分析的要求;最后对超限高层建筑的设计要点进行研究和总结.     

钢弦石膏板隔墙体系在中国科学技术馆(新馆)工程中的应用

结合实际工程应用,阐述了石膏材料的特性和钢弦石膏板墙体的构造特点,以及作为内隔墙在高大建筑空间条件下的优势;并通过受力计算,制定高空间条件下钢弦石膏板墙的加强方案;归纳总结了科学合理的节点处理方案。     

钢桁架筒结构基于刚度的设计方法——一种可持续的方法

桁架筒结构是高层建筑的一种高效的结构体系,该结构体系形式,自60年代末问世以来已广泛应用于大多数高层建筑中。提出基于刚度的设计方法,用以初步确定高层建筑桁架筒结构的构件尺寸。该方法适用于40～80层高的建筑物,并给出对应于代表性的设计荷载,使用材料最为经济的设计参数。就结构构件的不同几何配置对于设计经济性的影响进行了讨论,并对几何配置优化提出了建议。基于刚度的设计方法,只需较少迭代过程,非常适合于桁架筒结构的初步设计。对使用最少量的资源以满足构建建筑环境要求的设计,将具有推动和促进作用。     

Modelling of structural response and optimization of structural control system using neural network and genetic algorithm

This paper proposes an integrated approach to the modelling and optimization of structural control systems in tall buildings. In this approach, an artificial neural network is applied to model the structural dynamic responses of tall buildings subjected to strong earthquakes, and a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the design problem of structural control systems, which constitutes a mixed‐discrete, nonlinear and multi‐modal optimization problem. The neural network model of the structural dynamic response analysis is included in the genetic algorithm and is used as a module of the structural analysis to estimate the dynamic responses of tall buildings. A numerical example is presented in which the general regression neural network is used to model the structural response analysis. The modelling method, procedure and the numerical results are discussed. Two Los Angeles earthquake records are adopted as earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A review of the diagrid structural system for tall buildings

Unlike vertical columns of traditional structure, diagrid structural systems for tall buildings have special inclined columns. Due to the inclined columns, a diagrid structural system for tall buildings produces axial force along the column direction under horizontal load, which has the advantage of resisting horizontal wind load and seismic load and gives more freedom to architectural design, so a diagrid structural system for tall buildings becomes an effective new structure style for tall and super‐tall buildings. Theories and tests regarding the diagrid structural system for tall buildings have been intensely researched since the exterior tube of diagrid structural system for tall buildings was first proposed by Torroja in his seminal book. At present, studies for mechanical characteristics, joint form, theories, and tests have been systematized. This paper systematically summarizes existing research achievements of the diagrid structural system for tall buildings and confirms that the structure has larger lateral stiffness and good seismic performance. Based on the favourable performance of concrete‐filled steel tubes, this paper advises the use of concrete‐filled steel tube columns as the columns in diagrid structural systems for tall buildings.     

"拟地景观"及其构建的原则与方法

高层建筑中的高空生存已是现代城市人的一种普遍生存方式，因此，应该为高空生存的人们在高层建筑构建“拟地景观”。本以此为出发点，论述了“拟地景观”的主要构建原则，并且阐释从屏蔽真实地面和引入地面景观元素两个方面去构建“拟地景观”的方法。     

我国高层建筑钢结构发展的主要问题

本文概述了我国目前高层钢结构建筑现状，指出了我国高层钢结构发展的三大问题，即：国产化问题、综合效益问题和结构设计问题。本文论述了我国高层钢结构国产化已具备的条件，分析了高层建筑各部分投资比例及采用钢结构在经济性能和结构性能上的优势，讨论了目前我国高层钢结构设计存在的主要问题。     

辰山植物园高填土对科研中心建筑不利影响控制措施的研究

上海辰山植物园科研中心建筑是辰山植物园中重要的大型多功能建筑之一,建筑周边与绿环高填土紧密相连。通过在试验段的工程研究、高填土对相邻建筑物影响参数反演、高填土挡墙基础水平力传递、建筑两端构造等关键性技术分析,详细阐明减少高填土对主体建筑不利的影响;针对高填土对主体建筑不利影响的控制措施展开探讨研究,供相关工程参考。     

Integrated damping systems for tall buildings: tuned mass damper/double skin facade damping interaction system

As today's tall buildings become ever taller and more slender, wind‐induced vibration is a serious design issue. This paper presents integrated damping systems for tall buildings. An emphasis is placed on investigating the potential of double skin facades (DSF) as an integrated damping system for tall buildings. In the first scheme, the connectors between the inner and outer skins of the DSF system are designed to have low axial stiffness with a damping mechanism. Through this design, vibration of the primary building structure can be substantially reduced. However, excessive movements of the DSF outer skin masses are a design limitation. In the second scheme, the tuned mass damper (TMD) and DSF damping (DSFD) interaction system is studied to mitigate the design limitation of the first scheme and to resolve other TMD‐related design issues. TMDs are usually very large and located near the top of tall buildings for their effective performance. As a result, very valuable occupiable space near the top of tall buildings is sacrificed to contain large TMDs. In addition, installing TMD systems means adding additional masses to tall buildings. Through the TMD/DSFD interaction system, these issues can also be substantially addressed. Compared with the conventional TMD system, the TMD/DSFD interaction system requires a significantly reduced TMD mass ratio to achieve the same target damping ratio. Compared with the first scheme only with the DSFD mechanism, movements of the DSF outer skins can be better controlled in the TMD/DSFD interaction system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复杂高层建筑整体结构抗震分析

介绍了高层建筑结构分析程序DASTAB系统在整体结构抗震计算中的常用方法和模型,其工程应用反映了高层建筑结构抗震分析的最新状况.     

高层、超高层建筑的结构体系

随着经济技术的发展,在我国出现了越来越多的高层和超高层建筑。尽管如此,高层和超高层建筑结构设计的核心技术还掌握在少数设计单位和设计人员手中,大量的设计人员还缺乏接触这些结构设计的机会。随着形式的进一步发展,目前国内的许多设计人员将面临100 m以上高层建筑的设计工作。对于高层建筑的设计来说,结构体系的选择是重中之重。基于国内外的一些相关资料,对高层和超高层结构的结构体系和特点进行介绍,提供一些直观的、经验的方法,希望能为广大设计人员提供帮助。     

在高层建筑结构设计课程中引入工程哲学思想的探讨

高层建筑涉及诸多的学科和专业领域,具有复杂、跨专业的体系,并具有显著的社会性特征。土木工程本科专业以培养工程技术人才为主要目标,为培养复合型土木工程人才,有必要将工程哲学思想引入高层建筑结构设计课程。将工程系统观、工程社会观和工程伦理观等思想和理念与高层建筑结构设计课程相结合,培养学生以全局、系统的方式和观点思考高层建筑结构设计方法,并在社会层面上处理高层建筑结构设计中的问题。     

Assessing the impact of proposals for tall buildings on the built heritage: England's regional cities in the 21st century

In recent years increasing numbers of new tall buildings have been proposed across the world leading to growing concern amongst heritage bodies about their potential impact on the fabric of cities generally and upon the built heritage in particular. Tall buildings are defining 21st century urban growth by their sheer size and numbers. Decision-makers are responding to the challenges of tall buildings in a variety of ways on a spectrum that ranges from outright opposition to wholehearted embrace. The impact of tall buildings on the built heritage is one particular challenge that is addressed through conservation planning mechanisms. Conservation planning attempts to regulate the rate and direction of physical change through a framework of policies and controls. The assessment of proposals reflects that conservation planning is a multi-scaled political negotiation related to mechanisms of protection.The research focused on how the potential impacts of tall building proposals on the built heritage are regulated and assessed. The aim of this research has been to examine the tools and practices of assessing the impact of tall building proposals on the built heritage. This paper explores four case studies of tall buildings in England (Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham and Newcastle-upon-Tyne) and the assessment processes involved during decision making. The research showed that the effectiveness of techniques for regulating and assessing tall building proposals depends upon the local context for decision making. There was evidence that regulatory frameworks led to tall buildings being banned in certain locations, yet it remained crucial to maintain an active conservation policy and a capacity to assess proposals. The effectiveness of specific regulatory frameworks and assessment techniques reflects the tensions and tradeoffs, which occur around development in each location. However, characterisation studies are found to prove their worth in providing a robust basis for development control of tall buildings.     

Quantitative evaluation and improvement of seismic resilience of a tall frame shear wall structure

Tall buildings are an important part of a city, and their earthquake-induced damage or collapse will lead to heavy losses, extended repair time, and casualties. Therefore, it is essential to quantify and improve the resilience of tall buildings. To this end, this paper develops a component damage-based metric to characterize tall buildings' functionality loss and then proposes a general quantitative evaluation process to evaluate tall buildings' resilience. Next, the evaluation process is applied to a 42-story reinforced concrete frame shear wall building to demonstrate its applicability. Finally, retrofit strategies on nonstructural components are discussed to enhance the building's resilience. It can be concluded that the proposed metric can be effectively used to evaluate tall buildings' functionality loss. The building being studied has great seismic resilience, with resilience values of 99.95%, 98.68%, and 88.69% at service level earthquake (SLE), design level earthquake (DBE), and maximum considered earthquake (MCE), respectively. The influence of nonstructural components on seismic resilience is greater than that of structural components at SLE and DBE levels. It is an effective alternative to enhance the seismic resilience of tall buildings under SLE and DBE by improving the performance of partition walls, ceilings, and equipment.     

Effect of vertical structural irregularity on seismic design of tall buildings

Many tall buildings are practically irregular as an entirely regular high‐rise building rarely exists. This study is thus devoted to assessing the approach and coefficients used in the seismic design of real‐life tall buildings with different vertical irregularity features. Five 50‐story buildings are selected and designed using finite element models and international building codes to represent the most common vertical irregularities of reinforced concrete tall buildings in regions of medium seismicity. Detailed fiber‐based simulation models are developed to assess the seismic response of the five benchmark buildings under the effect of 40 earthquake records representing far‐field and near‐source seismic scenarios. The results obtained from a large number of inelastic pushover and incremental dynamic analyses provide insights into the local and global seismic response of the reference structures and confirm the inferior local response of tall buildings with severe vertical irregularities. Due to the significant impacts of the severe irregularity types on the seismic response of tall buildings, the conservative code approach and coefficients are recommended for design. It is also concluded that although the design coefficients of buildings with moderate irregularities are adequately conservative, they can be revised to arrive at more consistent safety margins and cost‐effective designs.     

Continuous pulse and hybrid control of structures

In recent years, passive as well as active control methods have been implemented for structural motion reduction of tall buildings in earthquakes. An active control method for the inelastic response of tall buildings is presented. The proposed method of continuous pulse control uses closed-loop feedback control as a combination of two algorithms. The first is a linear control algorithm-instantaneous optimal control-and the second is a pulse control algorithm-the pulse control algorithm-which applies a corrective pulse when a prespecified structural velocity threshold is exceeded. The control forces required by active control systems to reduce the seismic response of tall buildings can be quite large. On the other hand, passive control systems such as the viscoelastic dampers do not require external energy for their operation. The possibility of combining viscoelastic dampers and the active bracing system for reducing the required control forces is examined. The combination of passive and active devices improves safety, serviceability and the comfort of the building's occupants.