Adaptive Flüssigkeitstilger für Vertikalschwingungen von Ingenieurstrukturen – Teil 1 – Laborversuche

Adaptive tuned liquid column dampers for structures. Part 1 – Laboratory tests. The dynamic actions due to wind‐, traffic‐ and earthquakes lead to vibration problems of slender steel, reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. This is basically caused by a general trend to more complex and slender structures and difficulties to estimate dynamic properties during design. In order to reduce the unwanted dynamic vibration amplitudes passive damping devices, like tuned mass dampers (TMDs), are attached to many civil engineering structures. The tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) proposed in this paper represents new, economic, simple and effective means of suppressing vertical vibrations for existing as well as new structures. In succession the theory behind tuned liquid column dampers will be elaborated, the TLCDs operability will be experimentally proven and new ways for active control introduced. Finally advantages and disadvantages of tuned liquid column dampers in comparison with classical tuned mass dampers (TMDs) will be discussed.     

设置混合调谐质量阻尼器的高层建筑风振控制实用设计方法

结合GB 50009-2012《建筑结构荷载规范》中的等效静风荷载计算方法,研究设置主被动可切换的混合调谐质量阻尼器(TMD/ATMD)的规则高层建筑结构的风振分析与实用设计方法。将控制系统的风振控制效果按照风振响应方差相等的原则归结为对受控结构的附加等效阻尼比,推导了控制系统最优参数和附加等效阻尼比的计算公式,给出了惯性质量平均最大行程比、主动控制力和额定功率的简化计算方法;并讨论了主动/被动控制模式的切换准则。最后给出以风振控制Benchmark结构模型为对象的受控结构及混合调谐质量阻尼系统的设计算例。算例分析表明：建议的设计方法可以方便地进行受控结构响应分析和控制系统参数设计;混合调谐质量阻尼器可以有效减小设计等效静风荷载和结构的动力响应。     

采用颗粒调谐质量阻尼器的钢框架结构振动台试验研究

通过附加和不附加颗粒调谐质量阻尼器的5层钢框架振动台试验,研究其在实际地震波以及上海人工波激励下的减震效果。通过调整不同悬挂长度（频率比）、质量比、颗粒到阻尼器壁净距等参数,分析阻尼器参数对其减震效果的影响。试验结果表明：不同地震作用下该类阻尼器均能达到较好的减震效果,其中上海人工波的减震效果最好;对于多层钢框架结构,阻尼器能够有效控制第1振型的振动,但是对于高阶振型的控制作用无法保证;当阻尼器频率与主体结构基频相同时,能够达到最优减震效果,而当二者频率不同时,依然有一定的减震效果,说明其具有一定的鲁棒性;在合适的质量比（0.66%）下,阻尼器能够达到最佳减震效果;当颗粒到容器内壁净距为1.6D~3.6D时,可使阻尼器响应最小,且减震效果较好。     

Experimental parametric study on wind‐induced vibration control of particle tuned mass damper on a benchmark high‐rise building

A particle tuned mass damper system is an integration of tuned mass damper and particle damper. The damping performance of such device is investigated by an aero‐elastic wind tunnel test on a benchmark high‐rise building. The robustness of the system is studied by comparing the damping performance to that of a traditional tuned mass damper, and the results show that the damper has excellent and steady wind‐induced vibration control effects. Meanwhile, the parameters (filling ratio, mass ratio, and mass ratio of the container to particles), which have great influence on the vibration reduction performance of the system, are also analyzed, and it is found that the particles filling ratio plays the most important role in deciding the damping effects of the dampers. There exists an optimum filling ratio and mass ratios in which the damper can reach the best damping state. Proper parameter selections can greatly improve the damping performance.     

某标志塔MR-TMD减振系统风振控制分析

对某标志塔进行了动力特性分析,应用半主动质量驱动器(MR-TMD)系统,采用Matlab软件编制了半主动减振控制分析程序,分析比较了在模拟脉动风荷载作用下无控、被动TMD和MR-TMD控制下塔的响应,仿真结果表明,MR-TMD作为一种半主动质量驱动器能有效降低标志塔的风振反应。     

高层建筑结构的风振阻尼控制分析与设计方法

本文首先分析了阻尼比对结构风振反应的控制效果,重点讨论了阻尼比对风振脉动增大系数的减小效果和具体计算方法,给出了便于工程实际应用的阻尼比为10%～30%的风振脉动增大系数随基本风压和结构基本周期变化的计算图表。结果表明,结构阻尼比增大,风振脉动增大系数明显减小。其次,分析了结构耗能减振系统的附加阻尼特性,给出了调频质量阻尼器(TMD)、调频液体阻尼器(TLD)和速度线性相关型耗能器附加给结构阻尼比的实用计算公式。最后给出了100层钢结构分别设置TMD和线性粘滞阻尼器的风振控制分析和设计实例。实例结果表明,两种被动阻尼控制系统对结构最大位移和最大加速度控制效果相同,可以达到40%～55%,同时说明了本文提出的方法可以方便地用于大型结构的风振阻尼控制分析和设计。     

Optimum design of tuned mass dampers for different earthquake ground motion parameters and models

Tuned mass dampers are frequently used for passive control of vibrations in civil structures subject to seismic and wind actions. Their efficiency depends on selection of their mechanical properties in relation to main system and excitation characteristics. This paper proposes an optimum design strategy of single tuned mass dampers to control vibrations of principal mode of structures excited by earthquake ground motion. The main purpose of the paper is to investigate the influence of the time modulation of earthquake excitation upon the optimal tuned mass dampers design parameters: frequency and damping ratio. The study is based on numerical analyses carried out with different stochastic models for earthquakes: a simple filtered white noise model and two time modulated filtered white noise models. The numerical analyses are carried out to solve an optimization problem with a performance index defined by the reduction of the standard deviation of either the structure displacement or its inertial acceleration as objective function. To complete the work, the influence of the bandwidth excitation over the values of the optimal tuned mass damper parameters is investigated, as well the optimum mass ratio and the structure frequency. The results of the numeral analyses carried out infer that the earthquake excitation characteristics, including its modulation in time domain, highly affect the optimum tuned mass damper design parameters values.     

Influence of soil‐structure interaction on performance of a super tall building using a new eddy‐current tuned mass damper

Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) can be used as vibration control devices to improve the vibration performance of high‐rise buildings. The Shanghai Tower (SHT) is a 632‐m high landmark building in China, featuring a new eddy‐current TMD. Special protective mechanisms have been adopted to prevent excessively large amplitude of the TMD under extreme wind or earthquake loading scenarios. This paper presents a methodology for simulating behavior of the new eddy‐current TMD that features displacement‐dependent damping behavior. The TMD model was built into the SHT finite element model to perform frequency analysis and detailed response analyses under wind and earthquake loads. Furthermore, soil‐structure interaction (SSI) effects on wind and seismic load responses of the SHT model were investigated, as SSI has a significant impact on the vibration performance of high‐rise buildings. It was found that SSI has more significant effects on acceleration response for wind loads with a short return period than for wind loads with a long return period. Some of the acceleration responses with SSI effects exceed design limits of human comfort for wind loads with shorter return periods. As to the seismic analyses, it was found that SSI slightly reduces the displacement amplitude, the damping force, and the impact force of the TMD.     

Structural performance and cost analysis of wind-induced vibration control schemes for a real super-tall building

To evaluate different energy dissipation systems used to control wind-induced vibrations of a 456 m super-tall building in fluctuating wind excitations, the finite element (FE) method was employed to simulate the dynamic responses of the building. A series of wind tunnel pressure tests were conducted on a 1:450 scale model to determine the wind forces acting on the super-tall building. A FE model was also constructed and mass, damping and stiffness matrices were subsequently formulated as an evaluation model for numerical analysis. The evaluation model was further simplified to a state reduced-order system using the state order reduction method. Three different vibration control schemes, namely a tuned mass damper (TMD) system, a system containing only nonlinear viscous dampers and a hybrid control system combining TMD and viscous dampers, were examined through simulations with respect to their effectiveness in reducing the accelerations at the top of the building. Furthermore, a cost evaluation was conducted to determine the most economical structural design and vibration control scheme. The results show that the wind-induced vibrations of the analysed building can be controlled effectively by all the three examined schemes, while the hybrid control scheme and the scheme containing only viscous dampers further reduce the wind-induced vibration to satisfy a more stringent criterion for a six-star hotel. In addition, the hybrid vibration control scheme is also the most cost-effective among the examined schemes.     

Performance of fixed‐parameter control algorithms on high‐rise structures equipped with semi‐active tuned mass dampers

The present study investigates the performance of fixed parameter control algorithms on wind‐excited high‐rise structures equipped with semi‐active tuned mass dampers of variable damping. It has been demonstrated that the algorithms that increase significantly the performance of the controlled structure do so at the expense of damper strokes. When the maximum damper strokes are capped to progressively lower limits, the efficacy of different algorithms, measured through a number of performance objectives, drastically alters totally changing the performance ranking of them and pointing out the need for an extensive study of the interplay between loading, control algorithm and allowable stroke within the design of semi‐active tuned mass dampers devices. 2015 The Authors. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Study on adaptive‐passive eddy current pendulum tuned mass damper for wind‐induced vibration control

Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are used to control wind‐excited responses of high‐rise building as traditional vibration control devices. A TMD will have an excellent control effect when it is well tuned. However, a traditional passive TMD is sensitive to the frequency deviation; the mistuning in frequency and damping ratio both will decrease its control effect. In the previous research, an adaptive‐passive variable pendulum TMD (APVP‐TMD) is proposed, which can identify the TMD optimal frequency and retune itself through varying its pendulum length. However, it is found that the frequency variation will change the TMD damping ratio, and an unreasonable damping ratio will lead to a decrement in the robustness of a TMD. In this study, an adaptive‐passive eddy current pendulum TMD (APEC‐PTMD) is presented, which can retune the frequency through varying the pendulum length, and retune the damping ratio through adjusting the air gap between permanent magnets and conductive plates. An adjustable eddy current pendulum TMD (PTMD) is tested, and then, a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) primary model with an APEC‐PTMD is built, and functions of frequency and damping ratio retuning are verified. The 76‐story wind‐sensitive benchmark model is proposed in the case study. The original model without uncertainty and ±15% stiffness uncertainty models are considered, and response control effects of different controllers are compared. Results show that because the APEC‐PTMD can both retune its frequency and damping ratio; it is more robust and effective than a passive TMD. It is also found that the APEC‐PTMD has a similar control effect with the active TMD, with little power consumption and better stability.     

粘弹性耗能器控制下电视塔风振反应实用分析法

本文研究青浦电视塔在粘弹性耗能器控制下的风振分析与设计方法。粘弹性耗能器对受控结构的影响归结为结构阻尼的增加 ,由模态应变能法计算了受控结构的等效阻尼比 ,并结合我国现行风荷载规范 ,将粘弹性耗能器的风振控制效果反映到受控结构风荷载的折减上 ,建立了受控结构的风振反应分析方法     

Mass ratio factor in control performance of optimum tuned liquid dampers

Tuned liquid dampers provide structure control with the help of the liquid mass in tanks that are attached to the structure. The mass ratio affects the optimum tuned liquid damper (TLD) parameters. This study examines the effect of mass ratio on the control performance of TLD devices in providing seismic control of structures with different damping ratios. For this purpose, TLD devices with different mass ratios were placed on two different single-story steel and reinforced concrete structure models, and their performance under earthquake excitation was investigated. TLD parameters for obtaining the optimum displacement level in the 0.5- and 1.0-s structure natural period for both structure types were optimized with the Jaya algorithm (JA), which is a metaheuristic algorithm. By using the optimum TLD parameters, the structural displacement and total acceleration values were obtained by the critical earthquake analysis. When the results are examined, it is understood that TLD mass increase from a 20% mass ratio for both structure types and selected structure periods does not have a significant effect on TLD control performance.     

脱排一体式钢塔设置TMD对减轻风致振动的 控制研究

为了减轻脱排一体式钢塔的风致振动,采用调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)控制装置,对其进行风振控制研究。利用ADINA有限元软件,进行脱排一体式钢塔的风洞数值模拟与时程分析,并对脱排一体式钢塔结构进行现场实测,现场实测结果与数值模拟结果误差在15%之内,验证了数值模拟方法的准确性。根据脱排一体式钢塔的结构特性,合理设计了TMD控制装置。进行风荷载作用下设置TMD的脱排一体式钢塔时程分析,结果表明,TMD控制装置可以增加脱排一体式钢塔的等效阻尼比,有效降低脱排一体式钢塔的整体位移、加速度响应与结构底部应力响应,但会增大结构上部与中部的应力响应。TMD与主体结构相对位移较小,可对TMD控制装置进行优化设计。     

工程结构的SMA超弹性减振技术及其应用研究

介绍了形状记忆合金 (SMA)超弹性减振技术的减振机理 ,研制一种性能良好的SMA超弹性阻尼器 ,介绍了其工作原理及性能测试试验结果。将该阻尼器安装在斜拉桥模型上 ,进行了斜拉桥模型振动试验。试验结果表明 ,该阻尼器的耗能效果明显 ,在工程结构振动控制方面具有比较好的应用前景     

TMD对钢塔风振控制的优化设计

提出了利用悬挂水箱作为调谐质量阻尼器来控制钢塔的风振,将ＴＭＤ对钢塔的控制作用归结为结构阻尼的增加,并给出了ＴＭＤ参数的优化设计方法。实例计算结果表明,提出的方法简便、实用,可应用于实际工程的设计中。     

#br# 颗粒阻尼器的研究进展及其在土木工程中的应用展望

介绍颗粒阻尼技术的概念及发展历史,简要分析颗粒阻尼器(particle damper, PD)在机械、航空及航天领域中的研究现状,着重探讨其在土木工程领域的适用性及发展方向。按照颗粒阻尼器在土木工程中的工程需求及适用性,依据在振动方向上颗粒与容器壁之间是否存在间隙,将颗粒阻尼器划分为堆积型和非堆积型两类。分别系统地阐述堆积型与非堆积型颗粒阻尼器减振机理及性能的理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究以及影响其性能的因素。同时经过对比分析可知在土木工程领域,非堆积型颗粒阻尼器的减振效果显著优于堆积型颗粒阻尼器的减振效果。最后,指出适用于土木工程结构减震的颗粒阻尼器目前理论模型、设计方法及实际应用中存在的一些问题及不足,并对其研究与发展方向提出建议。     

标志塔调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)减振控制分析与应用

河南艺术中心标志塔高60m,最大直径仅3.0m,属于高耸高柔结构,在风作用下容易产生明显的振动效应。在模态分析和时程分析的基础上,结合标志塔自振特性,采用被动式调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)控制装置。设计研究了TMD控制装置的位置、刚度、质量和阻尼的优化问题,完成了TMD控制装置的优化设计和结构整体结构减振控制设计。试验室测试及安装完成后,现场调试与测试结果显示,工程中的TMD达到了抗风减振控制设计目标。