Practical moment–rotation relations of steel shear tab connections

An analytical model for shear tab connections in modern steel buildings is proposed. This connection model includes the concrete slab effects and has unsymmetrical behaviors under positive and negative moments. Under positive moment, the flexural strengths are determined by two stress patterns: linear triangular tensile stress along shear tab combined with uniform compressive stress of 0.30f_c′ on slab at yielding state; uniform yielding stress along shear tab combined with uniform compressive stress of 0.85f_c′ on slab at ultimate state. Under negative moment, shear tab plate is the contributor to the flexural strength and the concrete slabs are neglected. Comparisons between experimental and analytical results indicate that the proposed steel shear tab models are able to capture major behaviors with a compatible effort often made in a typical structural design office. Seismic studies of one three-story non-ductile braced frame including proposed models demonstrate the capabilities and simplicities for practical structural engineering application.     

带楼板的钢梁和CFT柱抗弯连接的抗震分析

对4个带楼板的钢管混凝土柱连接进行抗震性能分析,包括2个内部和2个外部节点。研究目的主要是对台湾地区广泛采用的钢梁组合楼板的性能进行分析。其次对梁末端楔形翼缘或者较大剪切键等连接处的抗震性能也进行了研究,以避免如Northridge地震后出现的那种不可预料的脆性破坏导致的梁翼缘焊缝完全熔透。     

压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板的承载能力研究

压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板的承载能力受楼板叠合面的纵向抗剪能力控制。本文通过3组组合楼板的荷载试验,研究了单跨简支组合楼板和两跨连续组合楼板的极限抗剪和抗弯性能。试验结果表明:组合楼板的极限承载能力受叠合面的纵向抗剪能力控制;与简支组合楼板相比,连续组合楼板承载能力有明显提高,跨中挠度显著减小,端部支座剪力出现滑移时与简支板端部剪力值相近,显示了连续组合板的端部滑移与剪力的关系与简支板的情况相似。但与简支组合板不同的是,连续组合板端部出现滑移后,其极限承载能力明显高于相同跨度简支板极限承载力。根据试验结果,得到了组合楼板叠合面纵向抗剪能力的计算公式。在组合楼板的承载力设计中,应对支座端部的竖向剪力进行叠合面的纵向抗剪能力验算,文中提出了连续组合楼板的承载力计算方法。     

Seismic behavior of steel beams and CFT column moment-resisting connections with floor slabs

This research investigates the seismic performance of four steel beams to concrete filled steel tube (CFT) column connections with floor slabs, including two interior and two exterior joints. The objective of this research is to evaluate firstly the composite effect of the steel beam and floor slab commonly used in Taiwan in practice. Secondly, the seismic behavior of new connection details such as the taper flange or larger shear tab in the beam-end is investigated to prevent complete joint penetration welds (CJP) of the girder flanges from the unexpected brittle failure found in the latter after the Northridge earthquake. In addition to the experimental investigation, the development and validation of analytical models for the assessment of the force-deformation behavior of the joint components are also conducted. The slab effect on the shear transfer in the panel zone is investigated as well.     

考虑剪力连接件刚度的钢-混凝土组合梁有限元分析

钢 -混凝土组合梁剪力连接程度是依据截面极限状态的抗弯强度定义的 ,即使是完全抗剪连接 ,组合梁的混凝土板与钢梁之间仍存在滑移。采用有限元分析 ,构造了混凝土板 -连接单元 -钢梁的组合梁有限元计算模型 ,推导了混凝土与钢梁界面有限元连接单元刚度系数 ,分析了不同剪力连接程度组合梁的受力与变形特性 ,研究了剪力连接程度对挠度和混凝土翼缘有效宽度的影响 ,并对照已有的试验数据和相关规范进行分析比较。     

钢板-混凝土组合板受弯性能试验研究

以钢板代替受力钢筋,通过栓钉将外侧钢板与内部混凝土板相连,二者共同作用形成钢板-混凝土组合板。根据钢板布置形式的不同,可将钢板-混凝土组合板分为单面钢板-混凝土组合板（SSC）和双面钢板-混凝土组合板（DSC）。通过对4个SSC试件和3个DSC试件的受弯试验研究,分析了不同钢板厚度、抗剪连接程度以及构造钢筋配置对组合板受弯性能和破坏形态的影响。试验结果表明,按完全抗剪连接设计的试件破坏形态与适筋梁相似,具有良好的受弯承载能力和延性;当受拉区钢板采用部分抗剪连接设计时,剪跨区栓钉易剪断导致承载力明显降低;当受压区钢板采用部分抗剪连接设计时,顶层钢板易发生局部屈曲,导致试件承载力和延性有所降低。基于试验结果,给出了钢板-混凝土组合板的受弯承载力计算式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

九堡大桥引桥组合梁焊钉受力性能研究

九堡大桥引桥为多跨连续组合箱梁桥,截面为开口梯形钢梁与混凝土桥面板组合形式,钢梁与混凝土板间设置了大量的圆柱体焊钉连接件,连接件受力形式与传统钢板梁组合桥不同。文中结合该工程,采用ANSYS有限元程序建立其空间实体模型,采用弹簧单元详细模拟了焊钉,计算了焊钉连接件的受力,分析了焊钉连接件的受力特点。结果表明:焊钉连接件不仅承受沿纵桥向的剪力,还承受沿横桥向的剪力及沿竖向的拉拔力,连接件所受的剪力和拉拔力在全桥范围分布规律复杂。     

钢-混凝土蜂窝组合梁抗剪性能分析

对腹板开孔后的蜂窝梁和考虑混凝土板组合作用下的蜂窝组合梁抗剪性能进行分析。以试验为基础,建立有限元模型,对不同开孔率、翼缘尺寸、混凝土板尺寸和连接程度下的蜂窝梁和蜂窝组合梁进行分析。结果表明:蜂窝梁翼缘宽度变化对抗剪贡献影响不大,翼缘厚度变化对其影响较大,翼缘厚度的抗剪贡献与开孔大小、形式有关;混凝土板和连接程度对蜂窝组合梁抗剪强度贡献不可忽略。给出了蜂窝梁、无连接蜂窝组合梁和有连接组合梁抗剪强度计算方法;通过分析不同剪跨比蜂窝组合梁的受力性能,给出弯-剪相关曲线公式;通过提高蜂窝组合梁孔洞竖向位置,可以提高其承载能力。     

Behavior of Steel–Concrete Partially Composite Beams Subjected to Fire—Part 1: Experimental Study

Partially composite steel–concrete beams are commonly used in building construction, and so the behavior of such beams in fire is an important problem. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the response of two composite beam specimens subject to fire exposure. The two specimens were nominally identical, except for the shear connection ratio. Based on room temperature calculations, one specimen was designed as fully composite, and the second was designed as partially composite with a 50% shear connection ratio. The concrete slab for each specimen was constructed with a flat steel deck and reinforcement was provided by a reinforcing bar truss. Both specimens were subject to a constant vertical load applied at four locations along the span and tested in a furnace with an ISO-834 standard fire. Both specimens achieved large deflections associated with flexural yielding of the composite beams and exhibited measured flexural capacities larger than predicted from Eurocode 4. Based on test measurements, the shear connection ratio had a significant influence on interface slip and uplift behavior of concrete slabs. Failure of the specimens was defined when the maximum deflection reached span/30. The fire exposure time needed to reach this definition of failure was nearly the same for both specimens, and was 51 min for the fully composite beam and 49 min for the partially composite beam. A companion paper considers the degradation of material properties with temperature and slips behavior of shear connectors at elevated temperatures and also provides an analytical approach to predict fire response of steel–concrete partially composite beams.     

缩口型压型钢板-混凝土组合板的承载力及变形(一):试验研究及纵向抗剪承载力

共进行了8块组合板试验,研究了缩口型压型钢板-混凝土组合板的破坏特征、纵向抗剪、抗弯等力学性能。试验结果表明,对组合板承载力起控制作用的是纵向剪切破坏和弯曲破坏,对于端部无栓钉的组合板,随剪跨比Ls/dp的增大,破坏形态会逐渐由纵向剪切破坏向弯曲破坏过渡;端部栓钉可以有效改善组合板在极限状态时的受力性能。在试验研究的基础上,分别采用m-k法和部分剪力连接法回归得到了计算该类型压型钢板组合板纵向抗剪承载力的必要参数,同时分析了端部栓钉的有利作用。两种方法均能较准确地预测板的极限承载力。     

楼板对钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁空间组合体抗震性能影响研究

楼板在地震作用下对钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁组合体抗震性能的影响是建立地震作用下节点计算模型的基础,也是准确评价组合结构体系抗震性能的关键问题之一。为此,完成了3个钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(RCS)空间组合体试件在考虑不同楼板宽度情况下的抗震性能试验,分析整个受力过程中楼板受力性态对组合构件受力特征、破坏模式等抗震性能的影响。各试验模型在加载过程中均产生梁铰破坏,并表现出较好的延性和耗能能力,最终因节点区钢梁屈曲、扁钢箍开裂和柱端混凝土压碎而丧失承载力。分析表明,楼板裂缝以横向裂缝为主,随着楼板宽度增加,次生斜裂缝增多,板底混凝土压碎区域增大;混凝土楼板与钢梁组合体对节点核心区的约束作用较明显地改善了空间组合体受力性能。对楼板混凝土和板内纵筋在受力过程中的应变进行分析,结果表明,随着楼板宽度的增加,楼板对RCS空间组合体刚度、承载力的贡献值有限。对现浇板受拉有效翼缘宽度进行分析,结果表明考虑钢-混凝土组合梁翼缘有效宽度对梁端受弯承载力、惯性矩影响较大。     

钢纤维高强混凝土冲切板的试验研究

为研究钢纤维高强混凝土板的抗冲切性能,对18个不同混凝土强度、钢纤维体积率、板面纵筋配置以及不同冲跨比的配筋混凝土板柱连接体进行了冲切试验,得到板在柱上荷载作用下,挠度、倾角、板面混凝土应变及板内混凝土应变、沿板面纵向钢筋应变等与荷载的关系曲线。研究结果表明,在高强混凝土板柱体系中掺入钢纤维不仅可减小冲切板在各个受力阶段的变形,增大板的能量吸收能力和冲切时强度,更使板冲切破坏的脆性明显降低,板的抗冲切受力性能得到全面改善。并在试验研究的基础上,建立了包含板抗冲切力和抗弯能力的新的极限承载力计算公式,理论值与实测值吻合良好。     

Shear bond mechanism of composite slabs — A universal FE approach

The strength of concrete slabs composited with cold-formed profiled steel decks is normally governed by the longitudinal shear bond failure at the steel concrete interface. The design methods for the longitudinal shear bond strength adopted in the current construction practice such as the m-k method and partial interaction method all based on the full-size tests, which are expensive and time consuming, however are also semi-empirical. A universal FE approach of composite slabs is presented, in which the shear bond interaction between the steel deck and the concrete is treated as a contact problem considering adhesion and friction. Both geometrical and material nonlinearities are all considered in the FE model. The preliminary FE analysis is verified in simulation of the pull-out tests as far as the cohesion and the frictional bond of the contact interface are considered. The fine FE analysis using the contact model is further carried out in study of the composite slabs in flexural bending. The FE analysis based on the nonlinear contact concept is verified and validated by comparing the test results for both the pull out and bending tests of the composite slabs. Comparisons of the experimental and the FE analytical results indicate that the FE analysis based on the interface contact model, agree well with the test results, and is capable of predicting the performance and the load carrying capacity of composite slabs.     

体内预应力组合梁混凝土预压应力分析

针对在混凝土翼板中设置后张预应力的连续组合梁,提出由分担预加轴力、主弯矩和次弯矩产生的混凝土法向应力计算公式,主要分析施加于混凝土翼板的预应力通过剪力键向钢梁传递的力学模型,建立混凝土翼板承担的预压力沿梁纵轴的分布函数和理论解,求得考虑剪力键柔性的混凝土法向应力计算公式,作为组合梁抗裂设计依据。     

ECC/RC空心楼盖板柱节点抗冲切性能

针对工程水泥基复合材料（ECC）用于板柱结构柱周围局部实心区域形成的ECC/RC空心楼盖板柱节点,可减少结构本身自重,充分发挥ECC材料高强度、高延性和抗剪性能好等特点,以ECC强度、ECC面积、暗梁为参数,对ECC/RC空心楼盖板柱节点进行抗冲切性能数值分析研究。结果表明:ECC材料可显著提高空心楼盖板柱节点的抗冲切承载力和刚度,改善节点的变形能力和耗能能力,但未改变节点的破坏形态,节点仍发生冲切破坏;节点的抗冲切承载力随着ECC强度和ECC面积的提高而增大;当节点仅使用一种增强方式时,暗梁和ECC材料的抗冲切承载力分别为普通混凝土的1.26倍和1.15倍;与暗梁相比,ECC材料对节点抗冲切承载力的提高效果更明显;与同时使用ECC材料和暗梁的节点相比,当节点仅使用ECC材料时,增大ECC面积对节点抗冲切承载力的提高效果更为明显;在进行空心楼盖板柱结构设计时,建议同时使用暗梁和ECC材料,保证节点有较高极限承载力的同时,兼顾良好的变形能力和耗能能力。     

钢-超高性能混凝土组合板冲切性能试验研究和承载力计算

钢-超高性能混凝土(UHPC)组合板是将钢板与UHPC通过连接件组合成整体,具有高强、高延性、抗开裂、施工便利等特性,可应用于桥面板、防护工程等结构中。由于钢-UHPC组合板相对较薄且往往承受集中荷载,因此需要对其抗冲切性能进行重点研究。通过变化连接件参数、UHPC厚度、钢板厚度和加载区边长,完成了14块板件在集中荷载作用下的冲切试验。研究结果表明,配筋能显著提升组合板的承载力和延性,钢板和钢纤维使板件达到极限荷载后具有一定延性,组合板承载力随栓钉连接程度、UHPC厚度、钢板厚度和加载区边长的增大而增大。通过塑性极限理论分析了钢-UHPC组合板在弯曲机制和冲切机制下的两种承载力计算方法,并在此基础上提出了考虑折减UHPC抗冲切贡献的承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验值吻合良好。     

无粘结预应力混凝土平板-T形中柱节点抗震性能试验研究

在6个1:1.5缩尺无粘结预应力混凝土平板-T形中柱节点试件的试验基础上,本文对各试件在低周反复荷载作用下的受力过程和破坏特性进行描述,分析了无粘结预应力钢筋应力增量变化特点、板暗梁面筋和节点区附近板暗梁箍筋的应力变化特点,对比了T形柱不同截面参数和不平衡弯矩不同加载方向对该节点抗震性能和不平衡弯矩分配的影响,对该节点的抗震性能进行了评价。试验结果表明,节点的不平衡弯矩主要靠板的弯曲作用来传递,T形柱腹板长度c1对节点的抗震性能和不平衡弯矩分配系数等方面具有决定作用。文中采用隔离体方法对板柱节点进行受力分析,推导了节点剪力传递弯矩系数的计算公式,提出了节点理论抗弯承载力的计算方法。试验结果对工程设计有一定的参考价值。     

薄壁钢梁-陶粒混凝土装配式组合楼板受火后受力性能研究

由冷弯薄壁钢梁和陶粒混凝土预制板组成的装配式组合楼板具有轻质、高强和施工方便等优点。为研究该类组合楼板的抗火性能及高温后的受力性能,对6块遭受温度为700℃、持续90min烃类火灾升温作用的简支组合楼板试件进行受火后受力性能试验研究。结果表明：当施加的等效均布荷载达到2kN/m²时,受火作用后的组合楼板试件最大挠度小于跨度的1/400,且在加载过程中薄壁钢梁虽已明显扭曲、混凝土板多处开裂,但组合楼板试件未出现整体坍落现象;以普通栓钉为抗剪键的受火后组合楼板试件,其极限荷载比薄壁钢抗剪键组合楼板试件的提高14.2%;当用钢量相同时,主梁数量较多的组合楼板试件采用U形钢筋作为拉结件,其火灾后极限荷载比采用钢条拉结件的组合楼板试件的增加33%,且整体刚度也有所提高;该类组合楼板在受火后仍具有较高承载能力和整体刚度,且抗剪键类型、预制板之间设置的拉结件以及拉结件与抗剪键的连接方式均对其受火后的受力性能有较大的影响。引入组合效应系数可以较好地反映受火后组合楼板试件的组合效应及内部损伤程度。     

New evaluation and modeling procedure for horizontal shear bond in composite slabs

A new method for modeling the horizontal shear bond in steel deck-concrete composite slabs is proposed. The method considers the slab slenderness as the strength parameter that affects the accuracy of horizontal shear bond modeling. A calculation procedure called the Force Equilibrium method is developed to generate shear bond stress versus end slips relationship (shear bond property) from bending tests. An interpolation procedure is also presented to estimate the shear bond property curves for slabs of varying slenderness using two sets of bending test data. The shear bond property curves are applied to connector elements of finite element models to model the horizontal shear bond behavior in composite slabs. The results of this study show that the shear bond of composite slabs under bending varies with the slenderness parameter, and hence influences the slab strength and behavior, as well as affecting the accuracy of the finite element analyses. The finite element analyses conducted on slabs with different slenderness utilizing a single shear bond property, which are not varied according to the slenderness parameter, may lead to either safe or unsafe results, depending on the geometry of the slabs.     

Seismic behavior of exterior connections with steel beams bolted to CFT columns

In order to improve the constructability and meanwhile ensure satisfactory seismic behavior, an innovative type of connection for concrete filled circular steel tube (CFT) column-to-steel beam composite structures was conceived and studied. The proposed connection details are characterized by an extended endplate that is welded to a steel beam in factory and then bolted to a CFT column using high-strength steel rods in the field. An experimental investigation on seismic behavior of the proposed bolted endplate connection and evaluation of the effect of concrete floor slabs and reduced beam sections was conducted by testing three full scale joint models. The experimental results indicated that the presence of floor slabs contributed to the strength of joints significantly and reduced beam sections were effective in moving the buckling zone away from the welds. Analytical models for the bolted endplate connections were also constructed using OPENSEES1.7.3 to simulate the experimental results.