Vakuumtechnik in der Blechverarbeitung

Vacuum grippers have proved their value as economical and, above all, safe elements for the handling of all types of workpieces. However, they have not yet penetrated all application areas because vacuum technology is still felt to be rather “exotic”. Nevertheless, anyone who knows how to utilise the advantages of vacuum technology will continually find new solutions for the cost-effective rationalisation of parts handling.     

Anwendung der Hohlkatodenplasmaquelle in der Vakuumtechnik

Various effective and simple constructed plasma sources can be developed by using the hollow cathode effect. The improve of the plasma efficiency is caused by the penetration of two or more glow regions of different parts of the cathode. The equatation p × d ∽ 1 mbar cm is a rule of thumb for the appearance of the hollow cathode effect. The hollow cathode arc discharge is caused by an additional thermal electron emission besides the effectes of the hollow cathode glow discharge. All this effects are the reason for the higher degree of ionization for a hollow cathode source in comparison with the most other plasma sources. Application of the hollow cathode glow discharge for surface finish are technics like plasmacleaning, electron beam ablation or gas flow sputtering. Latters are new technics which allow the development of new sources for the coating technology. The application of the hollow cathode are discharge is possible by using the thermal energy generated by the electron beam (electron beam heating, electron beam melting, and electron beam evaporation) and by using the different possibilities of coating technologies whith the hollow cathode arc source (plasma enhanced evaporation, plasma enhanced reactive PVD and plasma CVD).     

Bedeutung der Vakuumtechnik in der Metallpulver-Technologie

Powder-Technology has developed into a significant and still increasing market. There is a demand for high quality meaning highest purity and spherical particle shape of the powder. In order to reach this aim metal alloys are melted under vacuum and atomized with intertgas. To improve the chemical purity the produced powder is treated under vacuum for instance by the static or dynamic degassing process.     

Moderne Schmierstoffe in der Vakuumtechnik

Modern lubricants in the vacuum technology Even or especially in the age of dry pumps, lubricants and/or functional fluids are an essential, integral part of every vacuum pump. This article gives an overview of all kinds of modern lubrication in vacuum technology: Fluids, greases, coatings.     

Die Geschichte der Vakuumtechnik

History of vacuum technology With the article “history of vacuum technology” the author presents insights from the philosophical picture of the world 2500 years ago and the thesis of the existence of vacuum through the for 1900 years believed antithesis by Aristoteles, that nature does not allow the existence of vacuum and finally the experimental proof by von Guericke, the founder of vacuum technology, that vacuum exists. The article also highlights some genius scientist's, engineer's and inventor's achievements and milestones. Their scientific models, equations of kinetic gas theories and dynamics as well as experimental results and inventions led to the well appreciated conveniences of mobility, communication, medicine and research of today.     

Wälzlager in der Vakuumtechnik

Rolling Bearings For The Use In Vacuum The use of rolling bearings in vacuum is limited due to technical reasons regarding the standard lubricants. Nevertheless there are options to use those machine elements anyways. Therefore an alternative lubrication, e.g. Molybdenum Disulfide, will be applied successfully. as a result rolling bearings can be used in surroundings with high temperatures as well as in vacuum. The following describes how the assume the lifetime of rolling bearings and shows how to optimize the systems with respect to its lifetime and therewith to the costs of the element by using it within such extreme surroundings. The shown options then will be proved by experimental tests.     

Geschichte der Vakuumtechnik. History of Vacuum Technology

The history of vacuum technology is more than 2000 years old. Over the past 400 years scientists, engineers and inventors such as Torricelli, Pascal, von Guericke and Gaede have been engaged in vacuum technology. Vacuum has become an essential instrument in science and technology and many processes could not exist without it. Furthermore vacuum technology has been developed as an individual industrially applied technology. The article describes the development of vacuum technology from ancient philosophical speculations about the mercurial glass pipe to the modern diffusion pump.     

Wolfgang Gaede ‐ Wegbereiter der Vakuumtechnik

The inventions of Wolfgang Gaede were the beginning of the extensive industrial application of vacuum technology: the 1905 invented high vacuum mercury pump simplified the production of electric bulbs. From this time Gaede joined the company E. Leybold's Nachfolger research & development activities for 40years. Three of his inventions, the diffusion pump, the (turbo‐) molecular pump and the principle of “gas ballast” are worldwide in use even today. The most important stations of Gaede's biography are reported.     

Vakuumtechnik im Chemielabor

New ways are shown of generating vacuum in chemical laboratories. Top priority is given to environmental protection and, at the same time, to maintaining the operating costs for vacuum generators at a low level. Moreover, information is given on the correct application and on constructive details of modern vacuum generators, such as rotary vane pumps and diaphragm pumps. Operation of these vacuum generators can be optimized by means of suitable vacuum control systems. Also explained are details of vacuum control systems for use in chemical laboratories.     

Moderne Lecksucher mit Vakuumtechnik

Modern leak detectors in vacuum technology In many areas of industrial manufacturing, quantitative leak tightness measurements are required in order to analyze product quality. This article examines three approaches to vacuum leak testing, which utilize different measuring principles and completely different working pressures. The processes are divided into “non-gas selective”, “single gas selective” and “double gas selective”. The pressure rise method does not work gas-selectively. In so-called foil test chambers the pressure rise measurement is used in optimized design and is particularly suitable for leak testing in the food industry. The classic test gas vacuum leak detection is a gas-selective method. The test gas is selectively detected and the chamber is pumped independently of the type of gas. Major innovations in current device solutions are the extension of the measuring range and improved convenience in use. To achieve a detection limit of less than 10⁻¹² mbar·l/s, a double gas selective operation is used, residual gases from the test chamber are selectively pumped, additionally, the test gas detection is selective.