毫米波MIMO系统中稀疏度自适应的压缩感知信道估计

利用毫米波MIMO系统的稀疏特性,信道估计可以转化为稀疏信号重构的问题。解决毫米波MIMO稀疏信道估计问题时,传统的OMP方法需要信号的稀疏度作为先验信息,实际系统难以满足此需要。文中引入StOMP算法,根据信号已知的稀疏先验信息确定阈值,并结合动态的阈值调整,提出一种新的StOMP-D算法,实现了稀疏度自适应的毫米波MIMO信道估计。仿真结果表明,所提的方法与传统的LS方法比较,信道估计性能显著提高,并且与稀疏度已知的OMP方法性能十分接近,在稀疏度未知时有明显的优势。     

基于信道统计特性的中继选择算法

该文提出了一种在非再生协作网络中,基于信道统计特性的最优中继选择方法。首先在等功率条件下,根据信道统计特性,定义一个等效信道增益的参数,该参数反映了中继节点在协作过程中两个阶段的信道特性。然后提出一种基于该参数的降序排列的中继选择方法。该方法在不同的信噪比范围内,选择不同的节点集合,使得系统的吞吐率中断概率最小。分析表明该选择方法的分集增益阶数能达到N+1,N为中继节点数目。仿真结果表明这种中继选择算法的中断概率性能优于其他算法。该方法进一步与功率分配相结合,构成了一种低复杂度的次优的中继选择方法。仿真结果表明这种次优算法能够取得和穷举算法相似的性能。     

An eigen‐select denoising threshold for channel estimation in OFDM systems

In reliable orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems, channel estimator (CE) plays a crucial role. A pilot‐aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing CE often employs denoising thresholds to identify significant and noisy channel impulse response taps. When the knowledge of channel statistics (KCS) is completely unavailable, the existing suboptimal thresholds require consistent estimation of one or more KCS parameters. In this paper, the effect of noise variance parameter estimation on CE's mean square error (MSE) performance is characterized analytically by computing threshold's tap‐detection probability. To mitigate MSE degradation due to KCS estimation, an eigen‐select threshold, which does not require any KCS estimation, is proposed. It utilizes eigen values of the auto‐covariance matrix formed by estimated channel impulse response. The proposed threshold is compared with existing state‐of‐art alternatives, for CE's MSE performance and system's BER performance, in correlated Rayleigh fading channel environments. Results reveal that, with the proposed threshold, performance plots converge to optimal solution more closely than the others. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Low Complexity Time Synchronization Algorithm for OFDM Systems with Repetitive Preambles

In this paper, a new time synchronization algorithm for OFDM systems with repetitive preamble is proposed. This algorithm makes use of coarse and fine time estimation; the fine time estimation is performed using a cross-correlation similar to previous proposals in the literature, whereas the coarse time estimation is made using a new metric and an iterative search of the last sample of the repetitive preamble. A complete analysis of the new metric is included, as well as a wide performance comparison, for multipath channel and carrier frequency offset, with the main time synchronization algorithms found in the literature. Finally, the complexity of the VLSI implementation of this proposal is discussed.     

OFDM系统信道估计方法研究

分析了现有实用OFDM系统的信道估计方法及其硬件结构,并根据信道的统计特征给出了一种改进的门限滤波方法与其对应的硬件结构.在提高性能的同时,这种方法复杂度并不高,且不需要任何已知的信道统计特性.通过实验验证,这种新方法(尤其是二维的方法)明显优于传统的基于FFT的方法和最小二乘方法.     

一种基于频域加窗的OFDM信道估计算法

该文分析了实际OFDM系统时域信道估计中的信道冲激响应(CIR)泄漏问题。提出了一种新的OFDM时域信道估计算法,利用频域加窗降低CIR泄漏,对CIR进行过门限判决,最大限度删除CIR中的噪声。在非整数采样多径衰落信道下与已有的OFDM时域信道估计算法进行了仿真对比,证明该算法有效降低了信道估计MSE值,改善了系统BER性能。     

Rayleigh‐Quotient and Iterative‐Threshold‐Test‐Based Blind TOA Estimation for IR‐UWB Systems

This letter proposes a non‐coherent blind time‐of‐arrival (TOA) estimation scheme for impulse radio ultra‐wideband systems. The TOA estimation is performed in two consecutive phases: the Rayleigh‐quotient theorem‐based coarse‐signal acquisition (CSA) and the iterative‐threshold‐test‐based fine time estimation (FTE). The proposed scheme serves in a blind manner without demanding any a priori knowledge of the channel and the noise. Analysis and simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly increases the signal detection probability in CSA and ameliorates the TOA estimation accuracy in FTE.     

MIMO ARQ系统非理想信道估计条件下序贯线性预编码设计

针对MIMO ARQ系统中使用的重发机制,采用跨层设计思想,提出非理想信道估计条件下基于系统容量准则的次最优序贯线性预编码器的设计方案。首先推导出MIMO ARQ系统中存在信道估计误差时系统容量的上界和下界。理论分析和仿真结果表明,MIMO ARQ系统的容量在高信噪比时取决于信道估计误差。为简化处理,利用系统容量的下界并根据序贯预编码的思想,设计出ARQ重发时的次最优预编码器。仿真结果表明该次最优序贯预编码器可以获得良好的系统性能。     

An Improved DFT-Based Channel Estimation Algorithm for OFDM System in Non-sample-Spaced Multipath Channels

It is well known that channel impairment caused by multipath reflections can deeply degrade the transmission efficiency in wireless communication systems. The conventional DFT-based channel estimation methods improve the performance by neglecting nonsignificant channel taps. However, in multipath channels with non-sample-spaced time delays, this will cause power leakage and result in an error floor. In order to overcome this problem, based on the property of Channel impulse response, we describe a utility of channel estimation technology for OFDM systems using discriminant analysis. Usually, significant channel taps are detected on the basis of a predetermined threshold, so the optimal threshold value becomes a crucial factor. But it is difficult to decide channel taps that are approximately equal to the threshold value. To solve this disadvantage, the proposed algorithm improves performance by using Mahalanobis distance discriminant analysis for channel taps. This approach can mitigate the aliasing effect in the DFT-based channel estimator and reduce the leakage power efficiently when there is non-sample-spaced path delay. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimators can eliminate the error floor substantially and its performance is better than the LS and conventional DFT estimators.     

Diversity combining with imperfect channel estimation

The optimal diversity-combining technique is investigated for a multipath Rayleigh fading channel with imperfect channel state information at the receiver. Applying minimum mean-square error channel estimation, the channel state can be decomposed into the channel estimator spanned by channel observation, and the estimation error orthogonal to channel observation. The optimal combining weight is obtained from the first principle of maximum a posteriori detection, taking into consideration the imperfect channel estimation. The bit-error performance using the optimal diversity combining is derived and compared with that of the suboptimal application of maximal ratio combining. Numerical results are presented for specific channel models and estimation methods to illustrate the combined effect of channel estimation and detection on bit-error rate performance.     

信道估计误差对MIMO系统信道容量的影响研究

为了分析信道估计误差对信道容量的影响,结合MIMO系统接收端信道估计误差的特点,重新构建了MIMO信道的统计模型。利用Wishart分布的性质,推导了当MIMO信道矩阵满秩时,仅接收端已知信道CSI情况下系统信道容量的下限。仿真结果表明,MIMO系统信道容量对信道估计误差比较敏感。     

一种适用于DCO-OFDM系统的DFT信道估计算法

针对直流偏置光正交频分复用系统中传统离散傅里叶变换(DFT)信道估计算法运算复杂度高和循环前缀(CP)内存在非有效信道系数的问题,提出厄米特对称的DFT(H-DFT)阈值改进信道估计算法.首先,根据信道时域响应变换到频域满足厄米特对称的性质,只需对有效子载波的信道频域响应做厄米特对称即可获得全部子载波的信道频域响应;其...     

TOA Estimation Technique for IR‐UWB Based on Homogeneity Test

This paper deals with the estimation of the time of arrival (TOA) of ultra‐wideband signals under IEEE 802.15.4a channel models. The proposed approach is based on a randomness test and consists of determining whether an autoregressive (AR) process modeling an energy frame is random or not by using a distance to measure the randomness. The proposed method uses a threshold that is derived analytically according to a preset false alarm probability. To highlight the effectiveness of the developed approach, simulation setups as well as real data experiments are conducted to assess the performance of the new TOA estimation algorithm. Thereby, the proposed method is compared with the cell averaging constant false alarm rate technique, the threshold comparison algorithm, and the technique based on maximum energy selection with search back. The obtained results are promising, considering both simulations and collected real‐life data.     

多信道合作感知中基于信道可用概率的感知信道集合选择算法

首先分析了在给定感知信道集合和相应的可用概率集合条件下认知无线网络最大吞吐量的求解算法,接着给出了授权信道可用概率的估计方法,并在此基础上提出了一种基于授权信道可用概率估计的感知信道集合的次优选择算法。从分析结果与仿真结果可知,该次优选择算法与最优选择算法的性能差别不大,但是复杂度却大大降低了,另外该算法与已有算法相比可以得到更高的系统吞吐量。     

Efficient time domain threshold for sparse channel estimation in OFDM system

A novel efficient time domain threshold based sparse channel estimation technique is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed method aims to realize effective channel estimation without prior knowledge of channel statistics and noise standard deviation within a comparatively wide range of sparsity. Firstly, classical least squares (LS) method is used to get an initial channel impulse response (CIR) estimate. Then, an effective threshold, estimated from the noise coefficients of the initial estimated CIR, is proposed. Finally, the obtained threshold is used to select the most significant taps. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method achieves better performance in both BER (bit error rate) and NMSE (normalized mean square error) than the compared methods has good spectral efficiency and moderate computational complexity.     

基于能量收集的OFDM符号精同步算法

针对OFDM(正交频分复用)符号粗同步定时点会随路径能量变动的缺点,利用信道估计得出的信道脉冲响应,提出一种基于能量收集的精同步算法,不需设定判决门限,得到的最终定时点能有效避免ISI(符号间干扰)和ICI(信道间干扰)的引入.多径信道中的仿真验证了该算法的良好性能.     

一种基于可靠判决反馈信号的SC-FDMA信道估计算法

针对SC-FDMA系统,提出一种基于LS,LMMSE的判决反馈信道估计算法。该算法通过设置门限BER,在初始信道估计之后得到的判决反馈信号中选取合适可靠的信号作为准导频信号,与原导频一起进行二次信道估计,通过导频数量的增加来提高信道估计的精度。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法提高了信道估计的精度,而且提高了通信性能。     

基于阈值处理的TD-SCDMA下行多用户信道估计方法

 阈值后处理是针对TD-SCDMA系统中B Steiner信道估计器受加性噪声影响而提出的一种去噪方法,该方法误滤除信息径,保留噪声径.本文提出一种基于阈值处理的多用户信道估计方法,它基于某一下行用户会收到所有其它下行用户的训练序列这一特性,设定一个值,与各用户幅度加权值比较,去掉信噪比很小的用户对应的信道估计窗,将其余用户的信道估计窗进行平均,然后将平均后的结果再进行阈值后处理,抑制由噪声贡献的信道响应.仿真结果表明,提出的方法与直接进行阈值后处理法在同一误码率下,所需平均信噪比(SNR)降低1~4dB;在SNR低于5dB时,与复杂度高的加权合并法具有相同的误码率.     

MIMO-OFDM系统基于DFT的LS信道估计算法

精确的信道估计是提高多输入多输出正交频分复用（MIMO-OFDM,Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）系统性能的关键,针对现有的信道估计算法的不足,提出了一种基于DFT的最小二乘（LS,Least Square）信道估计算法,利用噪声方差设定一个门限进行阈值,进一步消除噪声干扰,充分利用了时变无线信道中时域和频域的相关性,改善了信道估计的性能。为验证其有效性进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,在慢时变信道环境下,改进方法可以进一步提高信道估计的精度,同时保持了较低的复杂度。     

Iterative channel estimation and pilot design rules for high‐mobility comb‐pilot OFDM system

With wireless communications in high‐mobility environment becoming popular, this poses a big challenge for communication systems based on the comb‐pilot OFDM, such as IEEE 802.11p, since it has not the enough pilots to estimate the time‐ and frequency‐selective channel accurately. In this paper, several comb‐pilot schemes and three comb‐pilot design rules are proposed to meet the Nyquist criterion for sampling the vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) channel and the requirements of second‐order statistic of V2V channel. Based on the proposed pilot schemes, an iterative channel estimation method from the CE‐BEM model is proposed, together with three ICI cancellation methods. After thorough simulation, the effectiveness of the comb‐pilot design rules, the proposed channel estimation method, and intercarrier interference (ICI) cancellation methods is verified. Compared with other channel estimation methods, the proposed method performs better. The simulation results also reveal that the channel order L+1 has a great impact on the performance of the comb‐pilot OFDM system.