共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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中温固体氧化物燃料电池的研制是固体氧化物燃料电池商业圈的必然趋势,影响其发展的关键问题之一就是阴极材料的研制。钙钛矿结构稀土复合氧化物材料是最有前途的中低温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料。本文对钙钛矿结构含镧复合氧化物的电催化机理进行详尽的叙述,并提出了其发展方向。 相似文献
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开发高效、稳定、廉价的钙钛矿氧化物电极材料是固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)进一步商业化发展的关键。目前,研究重点仍集中在解决阳极积碳、硫毒化以及阴极氧还原(ORR)低温性能不佳等问题。最近,有研究报道,一些易还原过渡金属元素掺杂的钙钛矿可以在还原气氛中原位析出该金属并以纳米颗粒的形式"镶嵌"在钙钛矿表面形成"纳米金属–钙钛矿"复合结构。该方法制备的材料具有性能高、抗积碳能力强、可再生性好等优点。从钙钛矿氧化物本体的选择、A/B位掺杂、缺陷调整、以及拓扑离子交换、相变诱发等方面,总结了近年来关于构建纳米(析出金属颗粒)微米(钙钛矿氧化物母体)异质结构(统称纳微异构)钙钛矿氧化物纳米纤维复合电极的研究。此外,总结了具有纳米纤维状形貌的钙钛矿氧化物电极及其结构对于SOFC性能、稳定性的影响,最后提出了该类纳微异构材料的优势、不足和展望。 相似文献
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《硅酸盐学报》2017,(11)
固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)也称为陶瓷燃料电池,其关键组成电解质、阴极和阳极均为陶瓷氧化物材料。致密电解质薄膜材料是核心,主要是(纯)氧离子导体,其电导率依赖于氧化物中的氧离子空位传导,氧空位主要来源于氧化物中低价金属离子掺杂;工业上主要使用萤石结构Y_2O_3掺杂的ZrO_2(YSZ)和Sc_2O_3掺杂的ZrO_2(ScSZ),更高氧离子电导率的材料包括掺杂的CeO_2、δ-Bi_2O_3和掺杂的LaGaO_3钙钛矿材料,有望在中低温下使用。电极都是多孔陶瓷材料,同时具有氧离子传导和电子传导性能。工业上阳极主要采用Ni-YSZ多孔金属陶瓷,具有混合离子电子导电性(MIEC)的钙钛矿材料是现在的研究热点。工业上阴极材料主要是掺杂LaMnO_3和YSZ复合陶瓷,在高温下具有良好的电化学性能和稳定性;中高温范围内被认可的材料是掺杂LaFeO_3基钙钛矿材料,以La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_3-δ为代表,具有良好的电化学活性和稳定性;优化材料组分和结构仍然是阴极材料的研究重点,也是SOFC领域必须突破的重要方向。 相似文献
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钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)是一种抗氧化性和耐久性优异的陶瓷,够承受高温,非常适合作热防护材料。采用乳液/泡沫模板法将其制成具有微米级孔的多孔结构,再以氧化铝晶须或氧化锆纤维作为增强相,然后结合直写成型这种3D打印成型技术,又可在毫米级孔尺度上获得设计的自由。由此制备的梯度多孔结构,不仅可以增大材料的比表面积,减小体积密度,更能大大提高多孔YSZ的力学性能。研究增强体的类型、加入量及烧结温度对多孔氧化锆陶瓷微观形貌结构的影响,分析其与抗压强度的相互作用关系。结果表明,氧化铝晶须和氧化锆纤维的加入,均能有效提高多孔氧化锆陶瓷孔的抗压强度,晶须的增强效果更好。氧化锆纤维加入量为4wt%的多孔氧化锆陶瓷孔隙率最高,抗压强度提升最小,为166.6MPa。在1500℃烧结温度下,当氧化锆纤维加入量为8wt%时,抗压强度最大,达到269.36MPa。 相似文献
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《Ceramics International》2020,46(5):5521-5535
In this article, different perovskite-structure related materials are reviewed, which could be potential candidates for cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells. Solid oxide fuel cells provide an alternative, environmentally viable and efficient option to conventional electricity-producing devices. Different properties are required for the materials to qualify as a cathode for solid oxide fuel cells. Therefore, the analysis and review are done based on the process parameters and their effect on the electrical conductivity, electrochemical properties, the coefficient of thermal expansion and mechanical properties of different cathode materials. Fracture toughness and hardness have been the focus while analysing the mechanical properties. The selection of the initial composition, dopants and their valence plays a vital role in deciding the properties mentioned above of cathode materials. The prospective cathode materials classified as cobalt-based and cobalt-free are further bifurcated based on the A-site elements of the perovskite (ABO3) structure. Also given in this article is the summary of the latest development on the cathode materials. As observed from the properties studied, cobalt-based materials tend to have higher conductivity than cobalt-free materials. While cobalt-free compositions are cost-effective and have a comparable coefficient of thermal expansion with other components of solid oxide fuel cells. The last section of the article gives the future scope of the research. 相似文献
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《Ceramics International》2019,45(12):14602-14607
Perovskite oxides with ionic and electronic conductivity are the key cathode materials of solid oxide fuel cells. Most of these materials, however, exhibit large cathodic polarization resistance which is mainly determined by their tardy oxygen transport kinetics. Herein, Pr0.5Ba0.25-xCa0.25CoO3-δ is studied to understand the roles of Ba-deficiency in tuning oxygen transport and electrochemical behaviors in the system. Our findings indicate that Ba-deficiency can significantly accelerate oxygen surface exchange process and bring ∼77% reduction of polarization resistance in this process. It is interesting to note that Ba-deficiency can slightly slow oxygen ion bulk diffusion rate and induce a minor increase of polarization resistance in the corresponding process, which associates with the inhibited oxygen vacancy mobility caused by the interactions between negatively charged Ba vacancy and positively charged oxygen vacancy. These new findings pave a new path for solid oxide fuel cell design and chemical sensor developments. 相似文献
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固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种可以将燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能的发电装置,具有燃料选择灵活、效率高、环境友好等优点。基于SOFC运行成本和长期稳定性的要求,降低工作温度已成为当前研究的热点。传统阴极较低的催化活性制约了SOFC的技术发展,因此开发具有良好催化性能的阴极材料至关重要。大量的研究表明,铋离子的掺杂能够有效提高材料的电导率和氧催化活性。从铋离子掺杂的角度出发,综述了铋离子掺杂对阴极材料的制备、结构、电导率和电化学性能的影响,并对掺铋SOFC阴极材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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Utilization of waste containing rare-earth elements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. G. Gerasimova A. I. Nikolaev M. V. Maslova R. F. Okhrimenko 《Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering》2010,44(5):818-821
The sulfuric acid method of dissolving metallic waste containing rare-earth elements and iron with the obtainment of a sulfate
rare-earth concentrate and an iron-containing solution is described. The distribution of the components into solid and liquid
reaction products has been studied. The conditions of the conversion of rare-earth sulfate elements into hydroxide and fluoride
compounds have been found. The principal possibility of utilizing iron-containing sulfuric acid filtrates with the obtainment
of iron oxide pigments of a wide range of colors, catalysts, and coating components of welding electrodes is shown. 相似文献
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《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2023,43(5):2002-2012
Perovskite type SrCo0.9Ta0.1O3-δ (SCT91) cathode exhibits high activity for oxygen reduction reactions, but the instability in Cr-containing atmosphere restricts its application in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). In this study, a B-site medium-entropy SrCo0.5Fe0.2Ti0.1Ta0.1Nb0.1O3-δ (SCFTTN52111) cathode is proposed and investigated as a potential Cr-tolerance cathode. The electrochemical activity of pristine SCT91 cathode degrades rapidly in the presence of volatile chromium species. In contrast, SCFTTN52111 performs very stable. Chromium vapors prefer to react with segregated SrO species rather than Co3O4 precipitates. Significant secondary phases of SrCrO4 and Co3O4 are detected on SCT91 electrode, while only trace by-products are found on medium-entropy cathode. The better Cr tolerance is closely related to the enhanced structural stability by medium-entropy engineering and reduced surface Sr segregations. This work sheds light on the development of robust cathodes for IT-SOFCs through rational design of configuration entropy. 相似文献
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高性能阴极材料的开发对推动中温固体氧化物燃料电池(intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells, IT-SOFCs)的发展具有重要意义。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了尖晶石型NiMn2O4(NMO)电子-离子混合导体材料,并作为IT-SOFCs阴极进行了系统的研究,通过X射线衍射表征确定NMO材料呈稳定的立方相结构,并采用电导弛豫方法对其氧离子传导能力进行了研究。发现NMO具有优秀的氧离子传导能力,为其电化学性能提供了保障。对称电池的电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明,800℃时NMO阴极材料的界面电阻值为0.27 Ω·cm-2,同时作为阳极支撑型SOFC的阴极材料进行放电时的最大功率密度可以达到864.9 mW·cm-2。上述结果表明,NiMn2O4是一种极具潜力的IT-SOFCs阴极材料。 相似文献