低吸水率水性隔热保温涂料的制备及性能

[目的]随着水性隔热保温涂料在工业涂装领域的广泛应用,其吸水率较高引发的涂层隔热性能下降问题亟需解决。[方法]以苯丙乳液作为主要成膜物,以偶联剂表面改性的中空玻璃微珠作为隔热填料,以涂层的导热系数和吸水率作为主要性能指标,制备了一种低吸水率的水性隔热保温涂料。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对不同偶联剂处理的中空玻璃微珠进行了表征,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了涂层的微观结构和形貌,测试了浸水前后涂层的导热系数、力学性能和粘结强度。[结果]铝酸酯偶联剂的改性效果比硅烷偶联剂好。当铝酸酯偶联剂改性中空玻璃微珠添加量为25%(质量分数)时,涂层的综合性能最优,24 h吸水率为9.32%,浸水168 h后的导热系数为0.122 8 W/(m·K),拉伸强度为2.45 MPa,断裂伸长率为28.37%,拉拔法粘结强度为2.32 MPa。[结论]采用合适的偶联剂对中空玻璃微珠进行表面改性可有效改善隔热保温涂料体系中有机-无机界面的相容性,从而降低其吸水率,增强其力学性能。     

纳米隔热保温涂料的制备与性能研究

以钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇为原料,冰醋酸为螯合剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法对中空玻璃微珠表面进行包裹,并对其表面包裹现象进行SEM、XRD分析;以纳米TiO_2修饰的中空玻璃微珠为主要隔热保温填料,并加入纳米颜填料,以苯丙乳液为成膜剂,加入少量分散剂、流平剂、成膜助剂、消泡剂等表面活性剂,制备出性能优异的纳米隔热保温涂料,并对其产品配方组成及基本性能进行研究。结果表明,通过自制隔热保温系统测试出最大温差可达10℃,其导热系数降低至0.169 8 W/(m·K),反射比达0.823 1,涂层附着力、耐酸性与耐碱性均已达到国家标准。     

硬硅钙石复合隔热涂料制备与隔热性能测试

以硬硅钙石作阻隔型填料,以金红石型二氧化钛和中空玻璃微珠为反射型功能填料,制备建筑外墙隔热涂料。研究了单掺硬硅钙石、金红石型二氧化钛、中空玻璃微珠以及复合添加3种填料对涂层隔热性能的影响。结果表明:单掺硬硅钙石、金红石型二氧化钛或中空玻璃微珠均可提高涂层隔热性能,硬硅钙石的适宜掺量为9%,金红石型二氧化钛的适宜掺量为30%,空心玻璃微珠的适宜掺量为20%;复合掺入硬硅钙石、金红石型二氧化钛和空心玻璃微珠可进一步提高涂层隔热性能,掺量为9%、30%和15%时,涂层的热反射率可达93.69%。按建筑行业标准JG/T235—2008《建筑反射隔热涂料》进行检测,涂料对波长为250～2 500 nm范围内的太阳反射比为0.85,半球发射率为0.87,隔热温差为13℃,符合标准要求;空心玻璃微珠、二氧化钛和硬硅钙石复合掺入后,发挥协同作用,能更加有效地提高涂层的隔热性能。     

工业带温设备用水性隔热涂料的制备及性能研究

以水性硅丙树脂为主体树脂,以空心玻璃微珠为隔热填料,配合着色颜料、填料以及助剂,制备了工业带温设备用水性隔热涂料。研究了主体树脂、隔热填料类型与添加量以及施工方式对涂料性能的影响。试验结果表明:当空心玻璃微珠G-2添加量为配方量的15%时,涂料的综合性能最佳且其导热系数能够降低至0.041 W/(m·K),同时,采用喷涂方式施工的涂层的隔热性能优于采用刮涂方式施工的涂层。     

水性金属防腐隔热涂料的研制

采用空心玻璃微珠作为隔热填料制备隔热中间层,并用纳米氧化锆和金红石型二氧化钛作为反射型填料制备了反射面漆。研究了空心玻璃微珠粒径和用量、反射面漆中填料种类、纳米氧化锆及中间层与面漆层厚度变化对配套涂层隔热性能的影响,并测试了配套涂层的防腐性能。结果表明:当选择65μm直径的空心玻璃微珠且用量为配方总量的7%,中间层和面漆层厚度分别为150μm和70μm,面漆中采用绢云母和纳米氧化锆时,配套涂层的隔热性能最好;箱体内部中心点温差为10.3℃,反射面漆太阳反射比为0.83,配套涂层的耐中性盐雾性能达55 d以上。     

新型薄层保温隔热涂料的研制

通过选用合适的中空玻璃微珠、纳米浆料和氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液,得到了一种耐久性好、热反射率高和导热系数低的可薄涂施工的新型保温隔热涂料,其在外墙外保温装饰涂层体系中用作饰面涂层,可以防止外墙外保温体系中的聚苯板保温层因外界环境温差的剧烈变化而产生开裂、脱落现象,从而大大提高了保温体系的使用寿命,增加节能效果。同时研究了影响涂膜性能的相关因素。     

水性金属防腐隔热涂料的研制

采用空心玻璃微珠作为隔热填料制备了隔热中涂,采用纳米氧化锆和金红石(R)型二氧化钛作为反射型填料制备了反射面漆。研究了空心玻璃微珠的粒径和用量、反射面漆中填料种类、纳米氧化锆及中间层与面漆层厚度的变化对配套涂层隔热性能的影响,并测试了配套涂层的防腐性能。结果表明:当选择65μm直径的空心玻璃微珠且用量为配方总量的7%、中涂和面漆厚度分别为150μm和70μm、面漆中采用绢云母和纳米氧化锆时,配套涂层的隔热性能最好;箱体内部中心点温差为10.3℃,反射面漆太阳反射比为0.83,配套涂层的耐中性盐雾性能达55 d以上。     

高折射中空玻璃微珠在热反射涂料中的隔热性能研究

用高折射中空玻璃微珠作为热反射功能填料,采用丙烯酸涂料为基料配制热反射涂料,并将其涂在马口铁片(25 mm×25 mm)的一个面上(涂料厚度约为0.8 mm)制成研究试样.研究了高折射玻璃微珠五个不同掺量(0％,20％,22％,25％,30％)的热反射涂料在红外灯照射下的隔热性能.玻璃微珠掺量为20％时其隔热效果最好.在外界温度为55℃时,其正反两面的温度差能达到8.5℃,其传热系数为3.167 W/(m2·K).高折射玻璃微珠显著的改善隔热材料的隔热性能.     

废弃红砖制备保温隔热水性涂料及优化

为提高建筑废弃物资源化利用效率,本研究以废弃红砖作为典型建筑废物,选择阻隔型和反射型作为研究方向,探究涂层厚度和颜料体积浓度对砖粉水性涂料保温隔热性能的影响,并加入空心玻璃微珠、粉煤灰漂珠、膨胀珍珠岩、木质纤维、海泡石和硅酸铝作为功能填料,提高砖粉水性涂料的保温隔热性能。实验结果表明:(1)当涂料层大于7 mm时砖粉水性涂料涂层发挥阻隔隔热效果,且厚度增加对隔热效果影响显著。在实验范围内,反射隔热效果受涂层厚度影响不明显。(2)砖粉填料中添加功能填料能提高阻隔隔热效果,降低隔热所需涂层厚度,其中空心玻璃微珠和粉煤灰漂珠效果最好,膨胀珍珠岩和海泡石效果次之,而木质纤维和硅酸铝的效果较差。     

中空玻璃微珠表面处理对水性隔热涂料性能的影响研究

以水性硅丙树脂为基体树脂,改性中空玻璃微珠为隔热填料,制备了水性隔热涂料。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪（ FT-IR）与扫描式电子显微镜（ SEM）对不同偶联剂处理的中空玻璃微珠进行了分析表征,重点探讨了不同偶联剂处理的中空玻璃微珠对涂料导热系数、黏度、断裂伸长率以及拉伸强度的影响。研究表明, 4种偶联剂的加入均可改善中空玻璃微珠与树脂的界面相容性,提高涂料的隔热性能与力学性能。其中,钛酸酯偶联剂的处理效果最佳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。