常温高效磷化液的研制

研制了一种以磺基水杨酸为添加剂的常温、高效、耐腐蚀型磷化液。通过正交实验,得到磷化液最佳配方:5.0g/氧化锌,10.0mL/L磷酸,0.20g/L磺基水杨酸,0.50g/L氯酸钾,0.1g/L络合剂,0.20g/L柠檬酸,0.15g/L钼酸盐0.50g/L硝酸镍。分析了磷化膜层的表面形貌及电化学特征测定了该膜层的耐蚀性与膜重,并对磺基水杨酸的作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明,该磷化液性能优良;磺基水杨酸可以与Fe3 配位,加快磷化反应速率,缩短磷化成膜时间,提高磷化膜的耐蚀性。     

超声波作用下钢铁常温磷化影响因素研究

本文在超声波作用下,对钢铁表面进行常温磷化处理,以提高钢铁表面耐蚀性能。研究以磷化膜外观及耐蚀性为考察指标,通过单因素实验,首先考察了常温磷化液中氧化锌、磷酸、硫酸羟胺(HAS)、硝酸锰、柠檬酸等组分对超声磷化的影响,其次考察了磷化方式对磷化膜性能的影响,最后测试了磷化液使用寿命。结果表明,磷化液组成为氧化锌15 g/L、磷酸80 g/L、硫酸羟胺12 g/L、硝酸锰4 g/L、柠檬酸2 g/L时,超声磷化膜外观及耐蚀性最好,此时磷化膜为灰黑色,膜层连续、均匀、致密,耐蚀时间可达217 s;磷化方式中常温超声磷化比常温静止磷化效果更佳,前者外观及耐蚀性比后者优越;磷化液寿命测试发现,当磷化次数超过9次时,制备的磷化膜耐蚀时间开始低于60 s,此时磷化液已经失效,累计磷化面积为0.3 m~2/L。     

Zn-Mg系中温磷化工艺研究

通过对Ｚｎ－Ｍｇ系中温磷化工艺研究,优选了磷化液组成及工艺条件,并测定了磷化面积与游离酸度、总酸度间的相应关系,以及磷化时间与磷化膜厚度和耐蚀性的关系,表明该磷化工艺性能优异。     

常温可水洗铁系磷化液的研制

研究了一种可水洗的新型常温铁系涂装前磷化液的组成及其磷化工艺，探讨了其成膜原理，该磷化液无铬，无亚硝酸盐，无渣，膜层致密均匀，耐蚀性能优良，磷化后可水洗，适用于中，低碳钢及其合金制件的涂装前磷化。     

促进剂对钢铁常温磷化的影响及机理

采用锌系磷化工艺对钢铁表面进行防护,以提高钢铁表面耐蚀性及与涂层的结合力。以磷化膜外观及耐蚀性为考察指标,通过单因素实验考察了常温锌系磷化液中硝酸铜、柠檬酸、氟化钠、硝酸镍和钼酸钠5种促进剂对磷化的影响。结果表明,各促进剂对磷化膜外观及耐蚀性均有明显的促进作用,其适宜质量浓度为:0.08 g/L硝酸铜,2 g/L柠檬酸,1.2 g/L氟化钠,15 g/L硝酸镍,2 g/L钼酸钠,并探讨了促进剂的磷化作用机理。     

新型环保型磷化液的研制

开发了一种用于钢铁表面涂装前处理的常温清洁锌钙系磷化液.通过正交实验优选了常温锌钙系磷化液的配方,得到配制简单、能够快速成膜、磷化膜质量好的磷化液配方,且该磷化液不含亚硝酸盐和重金属.讨论了磷化的工艺条件对磷化膜质量的影响,并对磷化膜进行了检测.在5～35℃下浸渍磷化5～10 min,每平方米即可生成质量约为2 g的浅...     

钢铁的磷化工艺技术(Ⅲ)

7　低温、常温磷化工艺7.1　低、常温磷化工艺特点低温磷化是指温度为 35～ 4 5℃磷化 ,而常温磷化是指不加热在自然室温条件下的磷化 ,通常为 1 0～ 35℃。低常温磷化绝大部分以轻铁系、Zn系磷化为主。也有在 Zn系磷化液中加入 Mn、Ca、Ni等改性剂 ,习惯上仍称为 Zn系磷化。低、常温磷化工艺 ,一般都需要有表面调整工序 ,该工艺适用于浸渍或喷淋施工 ,用作油漆涂装底层。溶液的游离酸与总酸度比值一般为 1∶ ( 30～50 )。低、常温磷化得到的膜层较薄 ,结晶细密 ,但耐蚀性及耐热性不如高、中温磷化膜。它的优点是不需加热 ,节约能源 ,生…     

铝合金磷化工艺探讨

为了开发一种适用于工业化的铝合金磷化技术,通过单因素实验研究磷化液各组分含量对磷化膜耐蚀性能的影响,通过正交试验确定磷化液最佳配方,并对工艺参数进行优选。确定磷化液最佳配方及工艺条件为:30 m L/L磷酸,10 m L/L硝酸,12 g/L氧化锌,1.8 g/L氟化钠,1.4 g/L硫酸亚铁,0.6 g/L硝酸镍,2.0 g/L柠檬酸。游离酸度1.0~1.4点,磷化θ为45~55℃,t为6~10 min。结果表明,制备的磷化膜外观均匀致密,呈浅灰至灰色,平均耐硫酸铜点滴t为122 s,膜质量为4.7 g/m~2,耐蚀性能较好。磷化后进行喷漆处理,漆膜耐中性盐雾t为168 h,耐湿热试验大于48 h,磷化膜层与漆膜配套性较好。     

NdFeB常温磷化和阴极电泳涂装工艺的研究

研究了烧结型NdFeB在常温超声磷化工艺,通过测试磷化膜的耐蚀性、表面形貌等性能,确定其工艺为:60.0g/L磷酸二氢锌;100.0g/L硝酸锌;3.5～5.0g/L硝酸镍;4.0g/L磷酸;2.0g/L亚硝酸钠;1.0g/L氟化钠;1.0g/L酒石酸;游离酸度3.0;总酸度120.0;θ为30℃;t为15min.所得...     

常温磷化液的研究

对常温锌系磷化液进行了研究,讨论了酸度、促进剂及其浓度等工艺参数对磷化膜质量的影响。结果表明：此磷化液在常温下,４ ～５ｍｉｎ 即可在钢铁表面上生成一层均匀、致密、耐腐蚀性良好的磷化膜。     

铁泥氧化制备颜料铁红的研究

以工业废渣铁泥为原料,经拌酸氧化制备铁红颜料,探讨了酸的种类、浓度及用量和氧化温度及时间对产品质量的影响。结果表明,较佳的工艺条件为:硫酸浓度60%,硫酸与铁泥质量比1∶1.2,氧化温度800℃,氧化时间2.0 h,得铁红产品,质量符合油漆、涂料等对铁红颜料的要求。     

Assessment of chelatable mitochondrial iron by using mitochondrion-selective fluorescent iron indicators with different iron-binding affinities

Chelatable cellular iron, and chelatable mitochondrial iron in particular, has yet to be well characterized, so the overall strength with which these "loosely bound" iron ions (presumably mainly Fe(II)) are intracellularly/intramitochondrially bound is unclear. We have previously reported the first selective mitochondrial iron indicator: rhodamine B 4-[(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl ester (RPA). With this compound as a model, we have now developed two additional mitochondrial iron indicators with very different iron-binding affinities and have applied these to the study of the chelatable iron pool in the mitochondria of isolated rat liver cells. With the new indicator rhodamine B 4-[(2,2'-bipyridin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl ester (RDA), with 2,2'-bipyridine as chelating unit (log beta(3)=17.5), essentially the same iron concentration (16.0+/-1.9 microM) was determined as with RPA (log beta(3)=21.1), despite the four orders of magnitude difference in Fe(II)-binding affinity. This not only demonstrates the reliability of the procedure, but also confirms that iron complexation by these indicators does not induce any significant release of iron from the iron-storage proteins on the timescale of the experiment. In contrast, the indicator rhodamine B 4-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aminomethyl]benzyl ester (PIRO), with an N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine group as chelating component (log beta(2)=12.2), could not compete against the array of endogenous ligands. The intramitochondrial concentrations of the three indicators were determined to be in the range of 100 microM: that is, about three orders of magnitude lower than the total concentration of endogenous compounds that might chelate iron ions. It is therefore estimated that chelatable mitochondrial iron ions are bound by endogenous ligands with apparent stability constants (log K(app)) of between 9 and 14.     

黄钠铁矾渣及其浸取液中铁的测定

黄钠铁矾渣中铜的含量较高,用重铬酸钾容量法来测定其中的铁时,干扰铁的测定,需预分离才能准确测量。但在用铁还原法浸取黄钠铁矾渣后的浸出液中,由于部分铜被除去,铜的含量降低,不干扰铁的测定,无须预分离,直接测定。试验结果表明,当铜的含量占铁量的4%时,干扰铁的测定。     

利用氧化铁红厂废水制备氧化铁红晶种的研究

针对氧化铁红生产过程产生的废水二价铁含量高、pH低的特点,开辟了利用氧化铁红厂含亚铁盐酸性废水处理产生的污泥制备氧化铁红晶种的新工艺。研究表明：每吨废水投加质量分数为30%的工业烧碱溶液2.8 L,可使出水pH至6~9、二价铁离子去除率达到99.5%、色度≤40倍,满足GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的二级标准;生成的氢氧化亚铁和氢氧化铁混合污泥可用于制备氧化铁红晶种并进一步生产氧化铁红产品,最终产品三氧化二铁质量分数达到96.8%,满足GB/T 1863-2008《氧化铁颜料》的标准。     

氯乙烯单体中铁含量的分析

介绍了采用分光光度法测定氯乙烯中铁含量的操作方法，实验结果表明，该法准确，对生产有指导作用。     

Coal gasification using a molten iron bath

A coal gasification process using a molten iron bath as reactor has been developed by Sumitomo Metals. Pulverized coal is blown onto this molten iron together with oxygen and steam as gasification agents. Tests using a pilot plant having a capacity of 60 t (coal) day^?1, has shown that a sulphur-free carbon monoxide and hydrogen-rich gas can be generated at high coal conversion efficiency.     

铁矿石物相分析与研究

铁是地壳中分布最为广泛的元素之一。但具有工业价值的铁矿石则为数不多。铁矿石的物相分析工作,对我们采矿、选矿有着重要意义。铁矿物存在状态不同、晶体结构不同、风化程度不同。评价铁矿床的经济价值和矿床储量的计算不取决于铁的绝对含量,而与铁在矿石中的存在状态及其含量有关,铁矿物中有好多矿物还没有被我们开发利用。因为由同一元素组成的不同矿物,在工业处理上的难易程序和方法是不同的,所付出的经济代价也不相同,所以由该元素所组成的不同矿物是否能够全部被提取和利用率的大小也不相同,这就要求我们必须准确地确定由同一元素组成的不同矿物的百分含量。因此,按照我们测定菱铁矿、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿、赤褐铁矿、黄铁矿、铁的硅酸盐的物相分析,研究其分离测定流程,是必不可少的,便于生产单位更好完成生产任务。     

Acceleration of the thermoxidation of oil by heme iron

Transition metals, including iron, occur naturally at significant concentrations in meat. Iron can be extracted from the food into the oil and potentially decrease the stability of the oil during frying by accelerating thermoxidation. The objective was to examine the thermoxidative stability of partially hydrogenated soybean oil after addition of heme iron. Heme iron (2.7 ppm) was added to the oil, and then oil samples were heated continuously at 160, 180, or 200°C for 72 h. Oil samples were removed for analysis every 12 h. The acid values, color, food oil sensor readings, and TAG polymer content of the heated oil samples were compared with oil samples containing no added iron that were held at the same temperatures. Generally, each oxidative index increased with (i) an increase in temperature, (ii) an increase in heating time, and/or (iii) the addition of iron. Generally, the extent of oxidation was greater for samples heated at 200°C than for oil samples heated at 160 or 180°C. The oil samples heated at 200°C reached the target polymer content of 20% after 27 h of heating. If heme iron accumulates in the oil, it will increase the rate of oxidation and thermal degradation and reduce the frying life of the oil.     

硫铁矿废水制备铁黑颜料的工艺

采用湿法氧化沉淀法,通过调节反应溶液初始pH值(7～12)、反应温度(70～95℃)、反应时间(1～4.5h)和搅拌速度(50～250r/min),探索了硫铁矿废水制备铁黑颜料的工艺条件。结果表明:在pH值为9.5、反应温度为85℃、反应时间为2.5h、搅拌速度为150r/min的条件下,能制备得到较优的铁黑颜料。其经XRD、SEM及铁黑颜料技术指标检测分析,表明该铁黑颜料粒径在60nm左右,Fe3O4含量在95%以上,各项指标均能达到氧化铁黑颜料行业标准中一级品的要求。