基于双级互补滤波的姿态测量算法设计

陀螺仪的漂移、载体的线性加速度和磁场的干扰是影响MARG传感器姿态测量精度的主要原因。针对传统姿态测量算法在磁干扰环境下由于航向角误差导致水平角测量精度降低以及载体线性加速度影响水平角精度的问题,提出了一种基于四 元数的双级互补滤波姿态融合算法。该算法利用加速度计和磁力计测量数据分别对估计四元数进行补偿修正,避免了磁干扰环境下航向角误差对水平姿态测量的影响。同时引入线性加速度误差和磁干扰误差自适应补偿方案,以降低线性加速度与磁干扰的影响,为了验证算法的有效性,进行了静态与动态实验。实验结果表明该姿态测量算法能显著提高姿态测量精度和抗干扰能力,与传统的Mahony算法相比,俯仰/滚动角的测量精度完全不受磁干扰的影响,性能得到了明显的提升。     

磁传感方式的内窥镜三维定位与引导方法

介绍了一种用磁传感方式测定内窥镜探头在人体内三维位置及姿态角的方法，根据3个互相正交的圆环线圈在其周期空间产生的三维磁场以及附着于内窥镜探头上3个相互正交的磁场传感器在空间任意点以任意资态感应该磁场时获得的信号，建立以空间位置（x,y,z），姿态角(a,b,c)为未知数的六元非线性方程组，由此解出探头的一组位置和姿态信息，实现内窥镜探头的三维定位，在此基础上将内窥镜位置显示到预行采集获得的3D－CT人体图像上，实现无伤害的体内引导和跟踪。     

基于陀螺辅助的磁罗盘抗干扰测量方法

为了解决磁罗盘使用过程中受到的磁干扰和加速度干扰影响测量精度问题。提出了基于陀螺辅助的磁罗盘抗干扰测量方法。选取磁罗盘姿态四元数微分程和传感器误差模型共同构建系统的滤波模型,由自适应卡尔曼滤波算法实现磁罗盘姿态估计,并借助于无磁转台对测量方法进行了实验验证,结果表明该方法是可有效实现磁罗盘的抗干扰测量,且能提高磁罗盘测量精度。     

一种人体移动对胶囊内窥镜磁定位干扰的补偿方法

磁定位技术可以实现对无线胶囊内窥镜精确定位与跟踪。胶囊内窥镜内嵌入永磁体,在人体周围布置磁传感器阵列采集人体外的磁场强度,通过后续电路处理和特定算法来计算胶囊内窥镜在人体肠胃道内的位置和方向等信息,从而实现对无线胶囊内窥镜的定位。但是磁传感器阵列分布在人体表面,在使用胶囊内窥镜对人体肠胃道检查过程中,人体和磁传感器阵列之间会发生相对移动,这种相对移动会对胶囊内窥镜的定位结果产生干扰。本文提出了一种补偿方法,来减小人体移动对定位结果的影响。在人体表面设置两个相互垂直磁铁作为参考目标,通过特定算法对人体相对于磁传感器阵列发生位移和旋转造成的干扰进行补偿,并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

弹载地磁测量系统的抗干扰设计

为了消除弹载地磁测量系统所受的矿山、电磁、金属等干扰,本文设计了充磁电路,消除强磁场对磁阻传感器的干扰;设计了滤波电路及合理的布线,消除高频干扰信号;再提出了误差识别补偿及看门狗设置算法,补偿了软硬磁干扰、零位误差、正交误差。转台试验与数据分析表明:各组合方法的采用,减少了干扰误差使姿态角测量精度达到1°以内,具有一定的工程价值。     

基于多磁传感器的智能航向测定系统

为了实现在强磁干扰环境下准确且智能地测定航向角,从影响磁传感器测定航向角精度的诸多因素分析,采用经典的基于椭圆拟合的校正算法,设计了一种由6只磁传感器围成一个圆的多磁传感器的自动磁校正设备。提出了一种有效的误差补偿技术和准确、智能的测定航向角的方法,避免了手动旋转单只磁传感器来采集不同方向的磁场的操作。多次实验结果表明:在室内强干扰环境中,这种校正技术补偿后的航向误差从150°降低到2.5°。     

基于椭圆旋转的磁传感器误差补偿算法

针对硬磁干扰和软磁干扰条件下的磁罗盘误差补偿问题,对传统的误差椭圆假设模型进行改进,提出一种基于椭圆旋转的磁传感器误差补偿算法。分析磁罗盘误差产生的因素,并建立椭圆旋转数学模型。采用非线性最小二乘拟合算法推导出误差补偿参数公式。利用Honeywell双轴磁阻传感器的测量值和椭圆旋转拟合的算法,对两轴磁传感器进行测试标定与误差补偿。实验结果表明,椭圆旋转算法能够有效补偿外部磁场产生的硬磁干扰和软磁干扰,与传统的椭圆模型补偿算法相比,该算法测得的航向角最大误差从2.0°减小到0.4°。     

胶囊内窥镜磁定位算法改进及实验研究

针对胶囊内窥镜磁定位磁场计算模型复杂和实时性较差的问题,提出了一种逆推定位算法.在胶囊内窥镜磁偶极子模型基础上,建立了磁定位系统数学模型,采用一种快速的定位求解算法,以最小二乘法构建磁定位目标函数,根据阵列磁阻传感器的输出电压,通过线性算法计算出胶囊内窥镜中永磁体位置和方向的一个初值,使用非线性算法进行迭代,求解胶囊内窥镜永磁体位姿最优解,简化了定位算法的复杂度,实时性得到大大提高.同时搭建胶囊内窥镜磁定位系统,实验结果表明该设计是可行和有效的.     

姿态测量系统稳定性优化算法研究

设计了一种基于模糊规则调整的串级线性卡尔曼(LKF)姿态解算方法,用旋转矩阵部分元素建立状态方程首先以机动加速度补偿的加速度为观测量,并采用模糊规则调整不同运动状态下的协方差阵,减小加速度的干扰,得到水平姿态角;然后采用磁强信息和姿态信息获取间接观测量,得到偏航角。动静态测试表明,该方法消除了累计误差和磁干扰对水平倾角的耦合干扰,与扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)相比,提高了在运动加速度干扰和磁场干扰下的姿态估计精度,并且降低了计算量。     

基于椭圆假设的磁罗盘航向测量算法研究

磁罗盘常用于自主式水下航行器（Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV）导航系统中对惯性器件的姿态测量进行校正。为了补偿载体内干扰磁场对磁罗盘航向解算带来的误差,采用基于椭圆假设的误差模型,通过最小一：乘拟合椭圆,扶得磁罗盘误差补偿算法中椭圆模型的各分布参数。陆上仿真实验的结果表明,基于椭圆假设的实时补偿算法能够获得稳定、高精度的航向角测量,不同路径类型下的误差精度可提高60％至80％。补偿结果为水下导航系统算法设计提供了精度依据。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.