金刚石衬底GaN HEMT研究进展

SiC衬底GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)综合了AlGaN/GaN异质结优异的输运特性与SiC衬底高导热性能,在高频、宽带、高效、大功率应用领域表现出显著的性能优势。但GaN外延材料中存在高密度的缺陷,影响了导电沟道的散热,散热问题成为影响GaN HEMT性能进一步发挥的主要障碍。本文分析了GaN外延材料高缺陷密度形成的原因,介绍了近年来国外正在开展的基于转移技术金刚石衬底GaN HEMT技术,解决GaN HEMT散热问题的研究进展。研究结果表明,基于转移技术的金刚石衬底GaN HEMT有望成为继SiC衬底GaN HEMT之后的下一代固态微波功率器件主导型器件技术。     

固态微波毫米波、太赫兹器件与电路的新进展

固态微波毫米波、太赫兹器件与电路是微电子、纳电子领域的战略制高点之一,SiCMOS技术进入纳米加工时代,GaAs,InP材料的"能带工程"(超晶格、异质结),GaN材料的宽禁带和界面特性以及石墨烯纳米级新材料的创新发展都深刻影响着固态微波毫米波、太赫兹器件与电路的进展。描述了固态微波、毫米波和太赫兹器件与电路当前发展的新亮点,包括纳米加工技术、石墨烯新材料、GaN MMIC功率合成突破3 mm频段百瓦级、三端器件进入太赫兹和两端器件倍频链突破2.7 THz微瓦功率。并重点就当前发展的RF CMOS,SiGe HBT,LDMOS,GaAsPHEMT,GaAs MHEMT,InP HEMT,InP HBT,GaN HEMT,GFET和THz倍频链等10个领域的发展特点、2011年最新发展以及未来发展趋势进行介绍。     

AlN阻挡层对AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的影响

利用低压MOCVD技术在蓝宝石衬底上生长了AlGaN/GaN异质结和AlGaN/AlN/GaN异质结二维电子气材料,采用相同器件工艺制造出了AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件和AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT器件.通过对两种不同器件的比较和讨论,研究了AlN阻挡层的增加对AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件性能的影响.     

AlN阻挡层对AlGaN/GaNHEMT器件的影响

利用低压MOCVD技术在蓝宝石衬底上生长了AlGaN/GaN异质结和AlGaN/AlN/GaN异质结二维电子气材料,采用相同器件工艺制造出了AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件和AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT器件.通过对两种不同器件的比较和讨论,研究了AlN阻挡层的增加对AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件性能的影响.     

晶体管级异质集成技术及其典型应用

晶体管级异质集成是后摩尔时代半导体微波器件技术发展的重点方向。介绍了针对平面和纵向两类不同结构器件分别开发的介质键合和金属键合两套外延层转移晶体管级异质集成工艺,研制出基于介质键合工艺的金刚石衬底GaN HEMT微波功率器件和基于金属键合工艺的SiC衬底GaAs PIN限幅器电路。测试结果表明,与常规的SiC衬底GaN HEMT器件相比,金刚石衬底GaN HEMT器件在高热耗工作下器件热阻减小超过50%,连续波工作输出功率和功率附加效率分别提高0.77 dB和5.6个百分点;与常规工艺的GaAs衬底限幅器相比,18～40 GHz SiC衬底GaAs PIN限幅器单片电路限幅电平基本一致,插入损耗改善约0.2 dB,耐功率能力提高3 dB以上。     

微波功率AlGaN/GaN HEMT的研究进展

文章论述了AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)在微波功率领域应用的优势,详细介绍了微波功率AlGaN/GaN HEMT的工艺进展以及器件的直流和频率特性,评述了其最新进展及今后发展方向.     

基于Ⅲ族氮化物材料的光电子器件技术

1引言 Ⅲ族氮化物具有宽禁带、高击穿电压、异质结通道中高峰值电子漂移速度和高薄层电子浓度等特点,是大功率和高温半导体器件的理想材料.目前可实现的实用器件主要有:紫外探测器、X射线探测器、发光二极管、场效应晶体管、异质结双极晶体管、微波电子器件、高温电子器件等.目前最主要的、应用最广的Ⅲ族氮化物器件是紫外探测器和光发射器件.     

国外GaN功率器件衬底材料和外延技术研发现状

GaN基功率器件的衬底和外延技术的发展对于器件性能的提升和成本的降低起着非常重要的作用.介绍了国外SiC基、Si基以及新型金刚石基GaN功率器件衬底材料和GaN外延技术的研发现状.重点讨论了大尺寸衬底技术(6英寸SiC衬底、8英寸Si衬底)、GaN HEMT与Si CMOS器件异质集成技术以及金刚石基GaN HEMT材料集成技术的研发进展.分析了GaN功率器件材料技术的发展趋势,认为更大尺寸更高质量衬底和外延材料制作、外延技术的改进、金刚石等新型衬底材料研发以及GaN基材料与Si材料的异质集成技术等将是未来研究的重点.     

面向下一代GaN功率技术的超薄势垒AlGaN/GaN异质结功率器件

Al GaN/GaN异质结型功率电子器件具有高工作温度、高击穿电压、高电子迁移率等优点,在推动下一代功率器件小型化、智能化等方面具有很大的材料和系统优势。从5种实现增强型GaN基功率电子器件的方法入手,重点介绍了采用超薄势垒Al GaN(小于6 nm)/GaN异质结实现无需刻蚀Al GaN势垒层的GaN基增强型器件的物理机理和实现方法。同时介绍了在超薄势垒Al GaN/GaN异质结构上实现增强型/耗尽型绝缘栅高电子迁移率晶体管单片集成的研究进展,进一步论证了在大尺寸Si基Al GaN/GaN超薄势垒平台上同片集成射频功率放大器、整流二极管、功率三极管等器件的可行性,为Si基GaN射频器件、功率器件、驱动和控制电路的单片集成奠定了技术基础。     

AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件工艺的研究进展

首先论述了Al GaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)在微波大功率领域的应用优势和潜力;其次,介绍并分析了影响Al GaN/GaN HEMT性能的主要参数,分析表明要提高Al-GaN/GaN HEMT的频率和功率性能,需改善寄生电阻、电容、栅长和击穿电压等参数。然后,着重从材料结构和器件工艺的角度阐述了近年来Al GaN/GaN HEMT的研究进展,详细归纳了目前主要的材料生长和器件制作工艺,可以看出基本的工艺思路是尽量提高材料二维电子气的浓度和材料对二维电子气的限制能力的同时减小器件的寄生电容和电阻,增强栅极对沟道的控制能力。另外,根据具体情况调节栅长及沟道电场。最后,简要探讨了Al GaN/GaN HEMT还存在的问题以及面临的挑战。     

Progress in Group Ⅲ nitride semiconductor electronic devices

Recently there has been a rapid domestic development in groupⅢnitride semiconductor electronic materials and devices.This paper reviews the important progress in GaN-based wide bandgap microelectronic materials and devices in the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,which focuses on the research of the fundamental physical mechanisms of group III nitride semiconductor electronic materials and devices with the aim to enhance the crystal quality and electric performance of GaN-based electronic materials, develop new GaN heterostructures,and eventually achieve high performance GaN microwave power devices.Some remarkable progresses achieved in the program will be introduced,including those in GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs) and metal-oxide-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors(MOSHEMTs) with novel high-k gate insulators,and material growth,defect analysis and material properties of InAlN/GaN heterostructures and HEMT fabrication,and quantum transport and spintronic properties of GaN-based heterostructures,and highelectric -field electron transport properties of GaN material and GaN Gunn devices used in terahertz sources.     

Al_xGa_(1-x)N/GaN异质结构中二维电子气的自旋性质

Ⅲ族氮化物材料有很长的电子自旋弛豫时间以及很高的居里温度,成为近年来半导体自旋电子学研究的重要材料体系之一。介绍了目前两种最主要的研究AlxGa1-xN/GaN异质结构中二维电子气(2DEG)自旋性质的物理效应:磁电阻的舒伯尼科夫-德哈斯拍频振荡和弱反局域效应,回顾了AlxGa1-xN/GaN异质结构中2DEG自旋性质的研究进展。AlxGa1-xN/GaN异质结构材料中有很强的极化电场,诱导产生很高浓度的2DEG,能够产生相当大能量的自旋分裂,并且这种自旋分裂可以被栅压所调控,因此在自旋场效应晶体管方面有很好的应用前景。然而要实现GaN基自旋电子学器件的应用,GaN中自旋注入效率是目前所面临的问题。     

Dual step EBL Gate fabrication technology for GaN-HEMT wideband applications

The operation at frequencies above 100 GHz of electronic devices like transistors has been achieved both by using high electron mobility III-V semiconductor materials or heterostructures and by implementing fabrication techniques which strongly reduce parasitic capacitances between the device terminals, without increasing series resistances. The technology has been applied on different GaN high electron mobility transistor epiwafers, and the devices performances analyzed under their DC and RF characteristics, outlining that further semiconductor material optimization is mandatory to fully benefit the sub ¼ micron Gate length for very high frequency operation advantage.     

An approach based on particle swarm computation to study the electron mobility in wurtzite GaN

The properties of gallium nitride (GaN) make it a promising material for a variety of different electronic and optoelectronic devices. GaN has a wide direct bandgap and a resulting high breakdown field. Further progress in the development, design and optimization of GaN-based devices necessarily requires new theory and modeling techniques that capture the physics of electron transport accurately and efficiently. So, the objective of this work is to provide an optimized analytical model for low- and high-field electron mobility in wurtzite (hexagonal) GaN in wide temperature and concentration ranges basing on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A Monte Carlo transport simulations developed in this work has been evaluated and serve as the basis for the model development. The proposed model describes the dependence of the mobility on carrier concentration, temperature, and electric field. Good agreement between our results and measured data has been obtained. Thus, the presented mobility models can be used in device simulations to design and optimize different GaN device structures.     

Si衬底GaN基材料及器件的研究

GaN具有禁带宽、热导率高等特点,广泛应用于光电子和微电子器件领域.Si衬底GaN基材料及器件的研制将进一步促进GaN基器件与传统器件工艺的集成,因而具有很高的研究价值.介绍了Si衬底GaN基材料生长及特性方面的研究现状和GaN基器件的进展情况.     

Fabrication and characterization of high performance AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on sapphire with silicon nitride passivation

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs)with high performance were fabricated and characterized.A variety of techniques were used to improve device performance,such as AlN interlayer,silicon nitride passivation,high aspect ratio T-shaped gate,low resistance ohmic contact and short drain-source distance. DC and RF performances of as-fabricated HEMTs were characterized by utilizing a semiconductor characterization system and a vector network analyzer,respectively.As-fabricated devices exhibited a maximum drain current density of 1.41 A/mm and a maximum peak extrinsic transconductance of 317 mS/mm.The obtained current density is larger than those reported in the literature to date,implemented with a domestic wafer and processes.Furthermore, a unity current gain cut-off frequency of 74.3 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency of 112.4 GHz were obtained on a device with an 80 nm gate length.     

GaN based transistors for high power applications

Unique properties of GaN and related semiconductors make them superior for high-power applications. The maximum density of the two-dimensional electron gas at the GaN/AlGaN heterointerface or in GaN/AlGaN quantum well structures can exceed 2×10¹³ cm⁻², which is more than an order of magnitude higher than for traditional GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The mobility-sheet carrier concentration product for these two dimensional systems might also exceed that for GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures and can be further enhanced by doping the conducting channels and by using “piezoelectric” doping. Current densities over 20 A mm⁻¹ can be reached in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). These high current values can be combined with very high breakdown voltages in high-power HEMTs, which are expected to reach several thousand volts. Recent Monte Carlo simulations point to strong ballistic and overshoot effects in GaN and related materials, which should be even more pronounced than in GaAs-based compounds but at much higher electric fields. This should allow us to achieve faster switching, minimizing the power dissipation during switching events. Self-heating, which is unavoidable in power devices, raises operating temperatures of power devices well above the ambient temperature. For GaN-based devices, the use of SiC substrates allows to combine the best features of both GaN and SiC technologies; and GaN/SiC-based semiconductors and heterostructures should find numerous applications in power electronics.     

Recent progress of physical failure analysis of GaN HEMTs

Gallium nitride (GaN)-based high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are widely used in high power and high frequency application fields,due to the outstanding physical and chemical properties of the GaN material.However,GaN HEMTs suffer from degradations and even failures during practical applications,making physical analyses of post-failure devices extremely significant for reliability improvements and further device optimizations.In this paper,common physical characterization techniques for post failure analyses are introduced,several failure mechanisms and corresponding failure phenomena are reviewed and summarized,and finally device optimization methods are discussed.     

AlxGa1–xN—A New Material System for Biosensors

The applicability of the group III nitride material system for the fabrication of semiconductor‐based biosensors is demonstrated. The operation of ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistors (ISFETs) based on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures in aqueous electrolytes is shown to be characterized by high sensitivity and low drift. Fibroblasts in contact with oxidized and as‐deposited AlGaN surfaces are demonstrated to survive at least for 24 h, indicating that these surfaces are chemically robust and non‐toxic against living cells. Surface hydrophilization using thermal oxidation allows the deposition of highly mobile lipid membranes by vesicle fusion. The homogeneity and the diffusion properties of phospholipids with different net charges were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and constant photobleaching, taking advantage of the optical transparency of the AlGaN material system. The obtained results reveal that AlGaN‐based devices are promising candidates for future multifunctional biosensors.     

GaN基光电子材料及器件的研究

GaN材料是性能优越的化合物半导体,与其相关的合金材料可以制作出高亮度蓝光、绿光发光二极管、紫外探测器、半导体蓝色激光器(LD)等具有重要应用价值的光电子器件,因而备受重视,本文综述了GaN基光电子器件研究开发现状及其应用前景。