Filtration 2003: Exhibitor Focus

The Filtration 2003 exhibition is an ideal opportunity for indsutry professionals to see the latest products and developments in the field of filtration. Below Filtration+Separation presents a selection of new products and systems that will be showcased in Chicago on 18-20 November, covering everything from new netting, production machines, cartridge bags, and HEPA/ULPA filters for application in pharmaceutical procedures and other hygienic environments. There will also be a number of new membranes, electronic aids and measuring/efficiency devcies on display at the Navy Pier venue in Chicago. We present these together with an overview of the aims and ambitions of the exhibiting companies, including those looking for distribution partners or focusing on particular filtration fields. We hope our ‘Exhibitor Focus’ section helps you to select the companies and organisations that will be of most interest to you.     

Interphex 2004: Exhibitor focus

The exhibition component of Interphex 2004 has attracted more than 950 exhibitors from around the globe. There are representatives from every conceivable pharmaceutical sector, including ethical/proprietary drugs, cosmetics, R&D, the biotech field, and full-scale manufacturing support. The various companies have been attracted to New York by the thousands and thousands of visitors and industry decision-makers who are expected to attend this year's event. A number of companies will be showcasing their latest filtration and separation equipment systems, accessories and process solutions for application in the pharmaceutical market. Below Filtration+Separation presents a selection of new products and systems that will be on display in New York, covering everything from vertical centrifuges, membrane filters and sanitary sieves, to disposable filtration solutions, filter housings, depth filtration systems, and metal detection devices for process flows. We hope our “Exhibitor Focus” section helps you to select the companies that will be of most interest to you.     

Filtech Europa Exhibitor Focus

Filtech Europa 2003 provides an ideal opportunity for industry professionals to see the latest innovations, products and developments in the fields of filtration and separation. Contained within one hall at the Congress Centre Düsseldorf South, the compact exhibition is an important aspect of the Filtech Europa event, with exhibitors gathering from many nations around the globe.Below, Filtration+Separation presents a selection of some of the new products that will be showcased at Düsseldorf, togther with an overview of the aims and ambitions of many of the exhibiting companies, helping you to select the companies and organisations of interest.     

Peptidoglutaminase deamidation of proteins and protein hydrolysates for improved food use1

The limited deamidating ability of peptidoglutaminase (PGase) toward intact food proteins (0- 6% deamidation) can be significantly enhanced by prior protein hydrolysis and altering protein conformation by such means as moist heat. PGase deamidation increases protein solubility and improves emulsifying and other physical properties under mildly acidic conditions. A batch reactor method was developed for the large- scale PGase deamidation of food proteins. Michaelis- Menten kinetics for industrial reactions (mixed zero- and first- order) were used for predicting the behavior of the reactor and for calculating enzyme dosage required to completely deamidate a given quantity of protein. Using such a reactor in the deamidation of food proteins or protein hydrolysates can lead to new food proteins with superior functional properties from less functional starting materials. ¹Part of a symposium entitled “Preparation and Processing of Chemically-Physically Modified Proteins” held April 25, 1990, Session II at the 81st Annual Meeting of AOCS in Baltimore, MD. *To whom correspondence should be addressed at USDA-ARS-SRRC, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179. 2Commercial firms are mentioned in this publication solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Mention of a company does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of its products by the U.S. Department of Agriculture nor an endorsement by the Department over products of other companies not mentioned.     

Photosensitized oxidation of methyl linoleate: Secondary and volatile thermal decomposition products

Studies of photosensitized oxidation of methyl linoleate show that the greater relative concentration of 9- and 13-hydroperoxides than 10- and 12-hydroperoxides is characteristic of singlet oxygenation and not due to either simultaneous autoxidation or type 1 photosensitized oxidation. Cyclization of the internal 10- and 12-hydroperoxides accounts for their lower relative concentrations. Secondary products separated by silicic acid and high pressure liquid chromatography were characterized spectrally (IR, UV,¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR, GC-MS). Major secondary products included diastereomeric pairs of 13-hydroperoxy-10,12-epidioxy-trans-8-octadecenote (I and III) and 9-hydroperoxy-10,12-epidioxy-trans-13-octadecenoate (II and IV); minor secondary products included hydroperoxy oxy genated and epoxy esters. Thermal decomposition of the hydroperoxy cyclic peroxides produced hexanal and methyl 10-oxo-8-decenoate as major volatiles from I and III and methyl 9-oxo-nonanoate and 2-heptenal from II and IV. Hydroperoxy cyclic peroxides may be important sources of volatile decomposition products of photooxidized fats. Presented at 72nd Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists Society, New Orleans, LA, May 1981.     

Cross-flow separation of yeast cell suspensions using a sintered stainless steel filter tube

A new design of cross-flow filtration unit, the Transep filter, has been investigated for the separation of slurries of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Porous cylindrical sintered stainless steel tubes of 2 μm and 3 μm nominal pore size ratings were used as filter media. Filtration rates were measured for cell suspensions ranging from 3 to 25 kg m^?3. The 3 μm filter produced particle-free filtrates at average rates from 1.25 m³ m^?2 h^?1 which declined to half this value over the range of cell concentrations studied.     

Factory’s Dust Emissions Reduced 100 Fold by Centrifugal Filter

Hendrix BV, one of Europe’s leading animal feed manufacturers, was experiencing an ongoing problem at their Antwerp factory with high dust emissions from their pellet cooling operation and with new more stringent EU regulations on the horizon it approached UK company, Global Filtration Systems Ltd, to help reduce their emissions levels. Global Filtration successfully installed its inertial rotary filter, which reduced the density of dust particles in Hendrix’s process gas from 300 mg/m³ down to just 3 mg/m³.     

Hydroformylation of methyl oleate with a recycled rhodium catalyst and estimated costs for a batch process

Methyl oleate was hydroformylated to methyl formylstearate at 120 C and 850–900 psig with a 1:1 mol mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. In the presence of triphenylphosphite, an activated rhodium-on-alumina catalyst produced an essentially quantitative conversion in about 40 min. Filtration followed by distillation yielded methyl formylstearate. The solubilized rhodium catalyst was concentrated in the distillation residue. The residue was resupported on the spent support in a gas-fired rotary kiln. The process was repeated 9 times without significant loss of catalyst activity. Assuming the catalyst can be recycled repeatedly to the process without affecting the efficiency of operation, a preliminary estimate based on a hypothetical plant producing 2 million 1b of methyl formylstearate annually places the processing costs, not including cost for methyl oleate, at about 13.7 cents per pound. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, La., April 1973. ARS, USDA.     

Editorial

As with previous year's we focus the November issue of Filtration+Separation on INDA's (Association of Nonwoven Fabrics industry) annual filtration exhibition and conference This year’s event, Filtration 2003, returns to Chicago, USA between 18-20 November 2003 and is looking to be bigger and better than ever. In the magazine we feature a comprehensive listing of the exhibitors, followed by a focus on a selection of the exhibiting companies, outlining what they’ll be displaying on their booths. We also feature the technical programme of the accompanying conference.     

Mass spectrometry of triglycerides: II. Specifically deuterated triglycerides and elucidation of fragmentation mechanisms

Deuterium labeled monoacid triglycerides were synthesized and their mass spectra were measured. The spectra provided further support for proposed (1) structures of principal ions, knowledge about the formation of [M-18]⁺, the interexchange of hydrogen atoms between 2 and the 5,6 or 7 positions and the explusion of part of the alkyl chain. Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1970. Part VI of a series on Mass Spectrometry of Lipids. For V see Lipids 5:861–868 (1970).     

Lipid-Derived flavors of legume protein products

Legumes contain unsaturated lipids that are susceptible to oxidative deterioration. Enzymic and non-enzymic deterioration of these lipids results in the development of off-flavors. The primary objective of this review is to summarize what is currently known about lipid-derived flavors of soybeans and underblanched pea seeds(Pisum sativum). Identifying the numerous volatile compounds arising from breakdown of lipid hydroperoxides coupled with organoleptic evaluation defines the flavor problem. Major contributors to the green-beaniness of soybeans were found to be 3-cis-hexenal, 2-pentyl furan, and ethyl vinyl ketone. Oxidized phosphatidylchohnes cause some of the bitter taste. The interaction of lipid breakdown products with proteins, carbohydrates, and other constituents can affect flavor characteristics and also increase the problems of their removal from soy protein products. To prepare bland products, it will be necessary to develop processes that effectively remove bound flavor components and prevent formation of derived flavors. Solvent systems based on alcohol have been used to extract flavor principles from soybeans; aqueous alcohol treatment of the intact seed or blanching with hot water or steam inhibits formation of off-flavors in peas and soybeans. A new approach involving infusion of antioxidants into the intact seed to control lipid deterioration during processing and storage is proposed to minimize flavor formation without subsequent undesirable changes in protein which occur with alcohol treatments. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1976.     

Preparation of tritium-labeled sterols and the synthesis of labeled-24-azacholesterol

A method is presented for the preparation of 2,4-³H-sterols (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, campesterol, fucosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol) via the technique of exchange-labeling of keto steroids and their subsequent conversion to sterols. The preparation of tritium-labeled 3β-hydroxy-24-norchol-5-en-23-oic acid and the synthesis of 2,4-³H-24-azacholesterol are reported. Some advantages of the exchange-labeling method over the conventional catalytic exchange method are discussed. One of 12 papers to be published from the “Sterol Symposium” presented at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1970.     

The inhibitive effects of azasterols on sterol metabolism and growth and development in insects with special reference to the tobacco hornworm

Several monoazasterols were found to be potent inhibitors of Δ²⁴- and Δ^22,24- reductase enzyme(s) in the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta (Johannson). Certain of these inhibitors also prevented normal larval development and pupation in the hornworm at dietary concentrations in the parts per million range. Comparative studies with several different insects indicated differences between the species with respect to the effects of the azasterols. The relationship of azasterol structure to the inhibitory effect(s) on sterol metabolism and larval development is discussed. One of 12 papers to be published from the “Sterol Symposium” presented at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1970.     

Synthesis of gossypol and gossypol derivatives

The synthesis of gossypol and certain major degradation products possessing the binaphthyl ring carbon skeleton is discussed. Presented at the Carl M. Lyman Memorial Symposium on Gossypol, AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1970.     

Influence of particle concentration on initial collection efficiency and surface coverage in porous media filtration

Four sizes (0.095, 0.53, 1.0 and 2.01 μm) of polystyrene latex particles were used to prepare monodispersed suspensions at three different ionic strengths (10³,10^-2.5 and 10^-2 M KCl). Filtration experiments were conducted using those suspensions in a filter column with glass beads as porous medium. The filter bed depth and the filtration velocity were kept at 5 cm and 1 m/h, respectively. When suspensions with equal mass concentrations (0.2 mg/L) or equal surface area concentrations (0.12 cm²/mL) were filtered through the system, the largest particles exhibited higher initial single collector efficiency, ⪯. The difference between the ? of largest particles and the smaller particles was prominent for suspensions with equal surface area concentrations at higher ionic strengths. The collision efficiency,α of those particles exhibits higher values at higher ionic strengths. Both at equal mass concentration and equal surface area concentration,α is only slightly dependent on particle sizes when compared to its dependence on ionic strength. Further, it was found that the specific surface coverage was similar for 0.095 μm, 0.53 μm and 1.0 μm particles during the transient stage of filtration at any ionic strength when the surface area concentrations of those suspension were equal.     

Measuring flavor deterioration of fats,oils, dried emulsions and foods

In fats, oils, and simple systems such as model dried emulsions, conventional measurements such as peroxide values and oxygen absorption measurements usually give a valid measure of sample flavor. In real food systems, this is often not the case. Measures of volatile (CO₂, pentane) and nonvolatile (anisidine reactive compounds) peroxide decomposition products often give a better picture of the organoleptic status of a sample. Unusually large amounts of CO₂ are liberated when fats and oils oxidize in the presence of proteins. The implications of this phenomenon are discussed. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1976.     

Cyanoethylation of ketostearates

Reaction of methyl9(10)-ketostearate with acrylonitrile under basic catalysis leads to the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds by the introduction of one to four β-cyanoethyl groups on carbon atoms adjacent to the carbonyl function. Five cyanoethylated products of 4-heptanone have been isolated and identified. A GLC method has been developed to separate and determine four of the cyanoethylated derivatives of methyl 9(10)-keostearate and methyl 12-ketostearate but the fifth, the tetracyanoethylated product, cannot be determined by this procedure. With the aid of this analytical method a study of some of the reaction parameters was undertaken to determine the degree to which yields and product distribution could be influenced by change in reaction conditions. Among the factors studied were amount of catalyst, reagent ratio, reaction temperature, use of solvents and precision. These series of experiments revealed that the degree of cyanoethylation of methyl 9(10)-ketostearate can be varied within wide limits, but that monocyanoethylation cannot be accomplished in realistic yields without the simultaneous formation of polycyanoethylated products. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1970. E. Mark. Nutr. Res. Div. ARS, USDA.     

Removal of corrosion products from viscous aqueous suspensions by magnetic filtration

The removal of micron-sized corrosion products, which may occur during industrial processing by magnetic filtration, has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. The effect of alterations in rheological properties of suspensions carrying particles on magnetic filter performance was determined. Magnetic filter dimensions were 0.03×0.04×0.09 m. The filter was filled with 6.35×10⁻³ m diameter ferromagnetic spheres. Magnetic fields ranging from B=0 to B=1.4 T perpendicular to the flow direction were applied. The suspension flow rate through the magnetic filter was 0.4 m/s. It was determined that 85% of corrosion products show magnetic properties. The magnetic filtration of suspensions composed of water, corrosion products and glycerine at different concentrations was studied. The effects of initial concentration of corrosion products, viscosity of aqueous suspension, magnetic field intensity and the number of filtration cycles on magnetic filter performance were determined. Theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement.     

The biosynthesis of cholesterol and other sterols by brain tissue: I. Subcellular biosynthesis in vitro

The biosynthesis of cholesterol by subcellular particles from rat brain was studied with several labeled cholesterol precursors as substrates. Rats from two age groups were used for preparation of the subcellular fractions: 15-day-old and adult. Microsomes and a soluble fraction were required for maximum biosynthesis of¹⁴C-nonsaponifiable material. The latter was synthesized in good yield by subcellular fractions from both age groups, but 90% or more was present as¹⁴C-squalene, when either U-¹⁴C-glucose, 2-¹⁴C-sodium acetate or 2-¹⁴C-mevalonic acid was the radioactive substrate. Neither³H-squalene oxide nor¹⁴C-lanosterol was converted to sterol when incubated with microsomal+soluble preparations, but some 4% of¹⁴C-desmosterol was converted to cholesterol by adult preparations. Thus a metabolic block, largely between squalene to desmosterol, exists in isolated microsomal+soluble preparations from both 15-day-old and adult rat brain. One of 12 papers to be published from the Sterol Symposium presented at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1970.     

Omega-formylalkanoates by ozonization of unsaturated fatty esters

Ozonization of the methyl esters of 11-eicosenoic, linoleic, erucic and linolenic acids gave a number of different homologous methyl ω-formylalkanoates. Complete ozonization of the monounsaturated esters formed C₁₁ and C₁₃ compounds with 90% conversion; partial ozonization of the polyunsaturated esters gave C₁₂ and C₁₅ products with maximum conversions at ca. 75% consumption of fatty ester. Thus, methyl linoleate gave 52 and 23% conversions to the 9- and 12-carbon products, and methyl linolenate gave 29, 27 and 19% conversions to the 9-, 12- and 15-carbon products. Yields of aldehyde or acetal esters in distilled products were 70–90% in preparative-scale experiments. Kinetic analysis showed that ozone attack was essentially random. Methanol was used as a participating solvent. Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, 1962. A laboratory of the No. Util. Res. & Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.