可燃液体储罐的消防设计

石油化工可燃、易燃、易爆储罐的火灾危险性、危害性大,消防要求高,此类罐区的消防设计主要有消防冷却水和泡沫消防两系统。论述了可燃液体储罐组消防冷却水和空气泡沫消防系统的组成及设计,着重对消防冷却水系统、空气泡沫系统的选择、系统控制及泡沫液管道的布置作了详细介绍。     

大型甲醇储罐消防设计探讨

针对大型甲醇储罐的特点,介绍了某公司2×40000 m3甲醇储罐消防给水系统和消防泡沫系统的设计。依据相关规范,从系统的形式选择、设计计算、设备设置等方面阐述了浮顶罐消防系统的设计方法。论述了消防冷却水系统和泡沫消防系统的组成,并提出该类消防设计应注意的问题。     

立式储罐罐区消防冷却水系统设计探讨

根据《石油化工企业设计防火规范》相关要求，对可燃液体征式储罐罐区消防冷却水系统的选择、参数确定、水量计算等进行探讨，为消防冷却水系统的设计提供借鉴和参考。     

浅谈柴油储罐区消防设计

结合工程实例浅析柴油储罐区的泡沫灭火系统、消防冷却水系统及其它辅助消防措施的设计过程、要点。     

LNG储罐消防设计

对国内某公司20000m^3液化天然（LNG）储罐的消防水喷淋系统进行设计。确定喷淋水量、喷头数量、管道直径等。     

浅谈液化石油气储罐区消防设计

浅谈了液化石油气储罐区消防设计中管材的选用、消防控制及夏季冷却的问题。     

关于乙烯低温冷冻罐消防设计的思考

结合上海石油化工股份有限公司万吨乙烯低温储运设施的消防设计实例, 就储罐的水喷雾、水幕系统和固定水炮等的设计进行了探讨。     

液化天然气储罐及码头消防水量计算探讨

本文介绍了LNG接收站液化天然气储罐及码头消防水量的计算。详细描述了喷淋罐数选择、消防水炮水量计算等LNG接收站消防设计的核心事项。并结合珠海LNG接收站的一期工程,计算并量化消防水量,分析计算中应注意的因素。对LNG接收站设计消防系统的设计具有积极的指导作用。     

可燃液体储罐区消防系统的设计要点

根据可燃液体储罐区火灾的特点,阐述罐区固定式消防冷却水系统及泡沫灭火系统的设计思路,特别是对消防设计中应注意的一些细节问题做了介绍.     

卧式液氨储罐夏季降温及消防冷却设计

在玻璃工业生产中,液氨经常被用来分解制氢,但液氨具有腐蚀性、有毒、易挥发,时有事故发生,因此应重视液氨罐区的消防措施.参考国家标准及地上式卧式储罐有关消防规定,对某玻璃厂二座15 m3无保温卧式液氨储罐进行夏季降温及消防冷却设计,详细阐述了设计中应注意事项,加强对消防措施的定期巡检,以减少系统隐患,保障生产安全.     

Characterization of corn oil,soybean oil and sunflowerseed oil nonpolar material

Normal phase preparative and semi-preparative liquid chromatography were used to isolate fractions of varying polarity from corn, soybean and sunflowerseed oils. Reported here is the composition of one fraction, less polar than triglycerides, determined by isolating the individual ?peaks? of a semi-preparative separation using as starting material the mix of compounds obtained from a large scale separation. These peaks were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (LC) gas chromatography (GC), mass-spectrometry (MS) with and without GC, in both electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) modes, and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Semi-quantitative data were obtained for many of the components found in these semi-preparative isolates including hydrocarbons, steryl esters, triterpenyl esters, phytyl esters and geranylgeranyl esters. The weight percent and composition of the preparative fraction differed substantially among the three oils. Corn oil had the greatest amount, at 1.25% of the starting oil, and was composed mostly of steryl and triterpenyl esters. Sunflowerseed oil, at 0.7%, and soybean oil, at 0.3%, showed greater variety in that branched chain esters were included with the steryl/triterpenyl distributions.     

生物质裂解油在柴油中乳化的研究

以乳化液稳定性为评价指标,研究了复配乳化剂、助乳化剂、助乳化剂与复配乳化剂质量比[m(C)m/(T)]及生物质裂解油在乳化液中质量分数的选择,并考察了HLB值、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化方式、搅拌方式对乳化液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:采用质量分数1.7%的T-85和乳化剂A的复配乳化剂,m(C)m/(T)为0.05的正辛醇为助乳化剂,在HLB值为8、乳化温度为20~40℃的条件下,将质量分数5%的生物质裂解油在柴油中高速乳化5m in,其中,乳化方式为T-85溶于生物质裂解油,乳化剂A溶于柴油,边搅拌柴油边加入生物质裂解油,再加入助乳化剂,乳化液的稳定性较好,稳定时间可达20 d。     

油浆抽余油FCC反应

油浆经萃取分离得到以饱和烃为主的理想组分——抽余油。利用该油作为原料进行FCC反应,并与石蜡基重油从原料性质、反应工艺条件、产品分布及性质、再生剂性能等方面进行对比研究。结果表明：抽余油具有良好的FCC性能,其合适的反应条件为剂油比6.0、反应温度520 ℃、重时空速12.0 h?1;在各自最优工艺条件下,抽余油比重油液体收率增加1.69%,生焦率上升0.02%;在相同工艺条件即剂油比5.0、反应温度500 ℃、空速14.4 h?1,抽余油比重油液体收率增加0.19%,生焦率上升2.55%;与重油相比,抽余油FCC汽油辛烷值相当,FCC柴油十六烷值降低3.7,其再生剂失活程度较小。因此,抽余油完全可以替代重油作为FCC的原料,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

Preparation of laurel oil alkanolamide from laurel oil

A low-temperature synthesis of laurel oil alkanolamides directly from laurel oil and ethanolamine was carried out in essentially quantitative yields. The ethanolamine/laurel oil molar ratio used was 10∶1. Even though amine served as a catalyst in the reaction, we used sodium methoxide at a ratio of 0.2–2% as a second catalyst. The reaction was complete in 1–9 h at room temperature. The identity of the amide was confirmed by IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

Solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in peanut oil

Conclusions Data obtained on the solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in refined peanut oil and the behavior of the mixtures on cooling indicate that freedom from oil separation on storage is largely determined by the nature as well as the amount of solid crystals present in the oil. The results suggest that the best procedure for prevention of oil separation would involve shockchilling the molten mixture to produce the finely divided metastable crystalline modification followed by tempering at such a temperature as to permit transformation of the crystals into the more desirable higher-melting form without changing the finely divided state necessary for improved palatability. The data imply that under controlled conditions any amount of the high-melting modification of the hard fat incorporated in peanut oil above the solubility temperature in excess of 2% should produce a mixture free from oil separation under average storage conditions. The choice of the actual concentration of the hard fat, above the minimum amount, would depend upon the degree of plasticity desired. Ambient temperature to which the mixture is likely to be subjected will influence to a considerable extent the selection of the hard fat content. The information obtained is of fundamental importance in connection with the problem of oil separation in peanut butter. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

Kinetics of oil generation from Colorado oil shale

Isothermal and nonisothermal methods have been used to investigate the kinetics of oil generation during decomposition of 91.7 ml/kg (22 U.S. gal/short ton) Colorado oil shale. The result from the nonisothermal method gives an apparent activation energy of 219.4 kJ/mol and a frequency factor of 2.81 × 10¹³s^?1. Furthermore, the process is found to be first-order to within experimental error. These results compare favourably with isothermal data reported here and in the literature. The results show the reliability and convenience of nonisothermal kinetic experiments in studying oil-shale decomposition reactions. The principal advantages are short-term experiments and the lack of initial heat-up periods. Moreover, nonisothermal experiments more accurately simulate actual conditions of above-ground and in situ oil-shale retorting. These kinetics are ‘effective’ values and can only properly be used to describe the macroscopic oil-production process rather than the complex microchemistry.     

Polymorphism of palm oil and palm oil products

Palm oil, palm stearin, hydrogenated palm oil (IV 27.5) and hydrogenated palm olein (IV 28) were crystallized at 5°C, temperature cycled between 5 and 20°C, and kept isothermally at 5°C for 36 days. The polymorphic state of the fats was monitored by X-ray diffraction analysis. Soft laser scanning of X-ray films was used to establish the increase inβ crystal content. Palm stearin was least stable in theβ′ form, followed by palm oil. The hydrogenated oils were very stable in theβ′ form. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis was used to complement the X-ray data.     

油品蒸发损耗及油气回收技术

石油及其产品在加工和储运过程中产生的蒸发损耗是困扰石油加工储运和环保行业的重要课题,推广和采用油气回收技术十分迫切和重要。本文介绍了常见的4种油气回收技术吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法和薄膜选择渗透法,分析了各种油气回收方法的发展方向,特别介绍了活性碳纤维作为新型油气回收吸附材料的应用前景。     

The role of safflower oil in edible oil applications

Safflower oil has been used as an edible oil in numerous countries for many years. In the US, commercial use of safflower oil as an edible product was noted in the 1950's and the use continues at progressively higher levels each year. One use of safflower oil in “dressing” type products is related to the natural cold resistance of the oil. Other applications include oil, margarine and some imitation dairy products. Additional development work has been done on other food products so that the scope of usage could be broadened if there should be increased demands for safflower oil. The susceptibility of safflower oil to oxidation has been minimized by improved processing and packaging. Further use of safflower oil appears to be dependent upon availability, pricing, good cold resistance and the role of polyunsaturates in the diet.