颗粒粘结高燃速推进剂燃速设计方法的研究

介绍了颗粒粘结高燃速固体推进剂的工艺特点,利用推进剂燃烧特征化学基团方法预估了几种小药粒和速燃粘结剂的燃速,提出了颗粒粘结高燃速固体推进剂燃速的设计方法.     

固体推进剂燃速测试技术研究进展

综述了固体推进剂的静态燃速、动态燃速和特定环境下的燃烧测试技术的研究现状以及各种燃速测试方法的特点,分析认为固体推进剂燃速测试技术的总体发展规律是由静态燃速测试逐步发展到动态燃速测试,在动态燃速测试的基础上出现了旋转过载燃速测试技术和压强瞬变条件下的燃速测试技术。现有燃速测试技术还用于测试固体推进剂常用高能添加剂的燃烧性能。提出了固体推进剂燃烧性能测试技术的发展方向:高压(超高压)燃烧性能测试技术、超低压(真空)燃烧性能测试技术、低温微重力环境下的燃烧性能测试技术等。附参考文献55篇。     

高能低燃速NEPE推进剂的研究

采用调节 NEPE推进剂的配方组分、添加降速剂等手段进行了一系列降低燃速的研究。研究结果表明 ,增大 AP粒径、降低 NG/DEGDN的比例、适当降低 AP含量、添加少量降速剂 ,可达到降低燃速的目的。通过对 NEPE推进剂配方组分的调节 ,在没有添加降速剂时 ,其 4.0 MPa下燃速可达到 4.7mm/ s,并且实测标准比冲可达到 2 2 39.3N·s/ kg。     

双基推进剂燃速温度敏感度的研究

降低推进剂的燃速温度敏感度对于改进发动机的性能有非常重要的实际意义。对双基推进剂引入催化剂（稀土类化合物）和降速剂（共聚甲醛）能够在提高或降低燃速、使压力指数下降或保持不变的同时，明显降低燃速温度感度系数及其对压力的依赖关系。这是推进剂凝聚相反应机制发生变化造成的。     

变燃速火药层间粘接状态研究

变燃速火药由两种不同燃速的组分组成，通过扫描电镜、拉伸剪切等方法对不同界面在不同温度下进行分析。研究结果表明该变燃速火药层间粘接良好。     

致密油藏长井段多级压裂水平井技术研究

随着国内油田的勘探开发程度深入,致密油藏开发逐渐成为各个油田勘探开发的主要研究阵地,这类型油藏埋藏深、压实紧,原油开发难度大,普通压裂方式无法实现经济有效开发,需要采用多级压裂才能获得一定的工业产量。本文某油田A、B区块为例开展致密油藏长井段多级压裂水平井技术研究通过工具优选、封隔器坐封位置及滑套位置优化、小型测试、分段段数优化、地应力分析、施工排量、施工规模优化等手段对各单井进行了压裂参数优化,使其达到井网布置要求。通过现场效果评价,A、B区块压裂井达到了预期效果,为同类型油藏水平井开发提高了技术支撑。     

超声波燃速测试技术在固体推进剂研制中的应用

介绍了通过连续测量超声脉冲在推进剂中的反射时间,确定推进剂燃烧端面的位移,从而得到推进剂燃速的测试方法。它可以设置不同的压强变量条件来进行连续的实时燃速测量。叙述了国外超声波燃速测试技术在推进剂稳态燃速特性、非稳态燃速特性以及各种发动机燃速特性研究领域中的应用。评述了超声波燃速测试方法的特点和适用性,并建议国内研究机构开展该项技术的研究工作。     

碳硼烷类燃速催化剂的研究进展

综述了国内外碳硼烷类燃速催化剂的研究情况,介绍了各种碳硼烷类催化剂的性能特点,指出碳硼烷类燃速催化剂是适用于高燃速和超高燃速推进剂配方的燃速催化剂,具有显著提高推进剂燃速的作用,对压强指数的影响依据配方组成的不同而有区别.     

关于固体推进剂燃速温度系数的探讨

介绍固体推进剂燃速温度系数的表达方法,综述有关固体推进剂燃速温度系数的理论,探讨了影响固体推进剂燃速温度系数的主要因素并对今后研究课题提出建议。     

利用燃烧稳定剂调节燃速的研究

在不同燃烧稳定剂及常用稳定剂 Al2 O3不同粒度对燃烧速度影响研究的基础上 ,进一步探索了利用不同稳定剂以及 Al2 O3不同粒度复合来调节推进剂燃速的可能性     

Recent Research Progress in Burning Rate Catalysts

Burning rate catalysts are one of the most important components of rocket propellants and are able to enhance solid propellant burning rates. There are several kinds of burning rate catalysts such as nanometal burning rate catalysts, nanometal oxide burning rate catalysts, compound burning rate catalysts, ferrocene and its derivatives burning rate catalysts, and so on. This article reviews the recent research processes in burning rate catalysts.     

Theoretical Analysis of Plasma Enhancement of Propellant Burning Rate

A theoretical model of the combustion of a nitramine solid propellant in the presence of a plasma jet is proposed. Unlike standard double‐base compositions, nitramine propellants exhibit experimental evidence that plasma induces a burning rate enhancement. The model is based on heat transfer considerations and proposes a closed‐form solution of the enhancement of the propellant burning rate as a function of the thermophysical parameters of the system. The model provides a good qualitative agreement with experimental results.     

Solid Propellant Burning Rate From Strand Burner Pressure Measurement

Strand burner pressure–time data are analyzed to determine if the propellant burning rate can be extracted. This approach is based on strand burner pressure–time history that is related to the temperature change due to exothermic reaction heating of chamber gases and gas addition to the chamber by propellant combustion products. In support of this method, chemical equilibrium calculations were made to project product composition, internal energy, and other needed properties. A mathematical model was formulated and solved numerically and the calculated burning rates were compared with the experimental wire‐break time results provided simultaneously and with the propellant manufacturer's results, when available. The comparisons reveal that the approach has merit and that more accurate pressure determination coupled with additional thermochemical information and strand burner gas temperature measurements has the potential to make this approach a viable technique and one that can be applied in conjunction with other burning rate measurements. The proposed method is similar to a well‐developed technique which is commonly applied to ballistic powders but with adjustments for the differences in geometry, pressure, and time of event.     

Correlations of Uncertainties of Composite Propellant Strand Burner Burning Rate Measurement for Quality Control

This study acquired, classified, and analyzed more than 3500 repeated‐measured steady state strand burner burning rate data from our quality control data bank as well as from open literature. The large size of consistent data from our resource were employed for the construction of a model that correlates burning rate standard deviations with average burning rates for both within‐batch lots and among‐batch lots. An increase in standard deviations with burning rates was observed for both correlations. Both correlations exhibit an R²‐statistic larger than 0.82 within burning rate range of 3.4–38.6 mm s⁻¹, and both correlations provide predictions in good agreements with some good quality published data. These two correlations may serve as feasible burning rate standard deviation tolerance reference when conducting composite propellants production quality control or burning rate data reproducibility checkup. Moreover, the confidence limits of parameters from the derived within‐batch correlation equation allow assessing the maximum pressure‐exponent uncertainties within selected burning rate range, thus provide insightful considerations to pressure‐exponent tolerance assignment for propellants under development or production.     

Combustion Characteristics of a Novel Grain‐Binding High Burning Rate Propellant

The novel grain‐binding high burning rate propellant (NGHP) is prepared via a solventless extrusion process of binder and spherical propellant grains. Compared with the traditional grain‐binding porous propellants, NGHP is compact and has no interior micropores. During the combustion of NGHP, there appear honeycomb‐like burning layers, which increase the burning surface and the burning rate of the propellant. The combustion of NGHP is a limited convective combustion process and apt to achieve stable state. The larger the difference between the burning rate of the binder and that of the spherical granular propellants exists, the higher burning rate NGHP has. The smaller the mass ratio of the binder to the spherical granular propellants is, the higher the burning rate of NGHP is. It shows that the addition of 3 wt.‐% composite catalyst (the mixture of lead/copper complex and copper/chrome oxides at a mass ratio of 1 : 1) into NGHP can enhance the burning rate from 48.78 mm⋅s⁻¹ in the absence of catalyst to 56.66 mm⋅s⁻¹ at P=9.81 MPa and decrease the pressure exponent from 0.686 to 0.576 in the pressure range from 9.81 to 19.62 MPa.     

Effect of Voids inside AP Particles on Burning Rate of AP/HTPB Composite Propellant

Bubble contamination in an ammonium perchlorate (AP)‐based composite propellant has a positive effect on the burning rate. However, the quantitative effect of the bubble contamination on the burning rate has never been revealed. In order to clarify the relationship between the increase in the burning rate and the void fraction of the propellant, propellants were prepared with fine porous AP particles (PoAP) or fine hollow AP particles (HoAPs), and their burning rate characteristics were investigated. The voids inside AP particles have the effect of increasing the burning rate. The increase in the burning rate is enhanced linearly as the void fraction increases. The effect of the void fraction on the burning rate for a propellant containing PoAP is not identical with that for a propellant containing HoAP. It was found that the effect of the void fraction on the burning rate could be estimated by the void fraction when the bubble contamination is uniform in size and shape.     

多基发射药燃烧性能的调节与优化

介绍了近来提出的多基发射药燃烧模型，利用其计算方法计算了多基发射药的化学组成对燃烧性能的影响；从化学结构和化学反应的层次分析了硝胺发射药燃速－压力曲线转折和某一压力范围内压力指数大于１的原因；从化学组成的角度出发提出了多基发射药燃烧性能优化设计的一些基本原则。     

Effects of Twin‐Screw Extrusion Processing on the Burning Rate of Composite Propellants

A new process for continuous manufacturing of composite propellants has been developed using Twin Screw Extrusion (TSE). The effects of TSE‐processing on the burning rates of an ammonium perchlorate (AP)‐based composite propellant have been characterized over a wide composition range (79 to 87 wt. % AP) and a wide range of screw speeds (45 to 85 RPM) using a quadratic model for an experimental Response Surface Analysis (RSA) based on the Kowalski, Cornell, and Vining (KCV) algorithm. Using Student‘s T‐test, it was determined that burning rates obtained from strand‐burning rate tests at 3.5 MPa, 7.0 MPa, and 10.5 MPa are affected only by the individual ingredients, the interaction between the coarse AP particles and the binder, and the screw speed. Measured burning rates were found to be 40% to 100% higher than Petite Ensemble Model (PEM) predictions, which was accounted for by modifying the PEM through a power law relationship with pressure that includes a rule‐of‐mixtures dependence of the exponent and coefficient on the weight fraction of coarse and fine AP particles. The resulting modified PEM reduced differences between the predictions and experimental data by 79% at 3.5 MPa, 83% at 7.0 MPa, and 78% at 10.5 MPa.     

水力压裂技术在延长油田的应用与认识

水力压裂是一种改造低渗透油藏渗流能力、稳定和提高油井产量的较好措施之一,但是影响水力压裂效果的因素较多,如压裂液类型、支撑剂的选择等。为了达到理想的压裂效果,必须综合考虑各个影响因素之间的相互关系,找出影响压裂效果的主要因素。