原料对Li_(2.06)Nb_(0.18)Ti_(0.76)O_3粉体及材料性能的影响

本文对固相法合成Li2.06Nb0.18Ti0.76O3粉体开展了研究,选择不同的Nb2O5、TiO2与Li2CO3混合,研究不同Nb2O5、TiO2原料对Li2.06Nb0.18Ti0.76O3粉体及材料的影响。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、EDS、宽频介电阻抗谱仪等手段对原料、煅烧后粉体、烧结后的Li2.06Nb0.18Ti0.76O3材料进行了分析表征。结果表明,采用不同Nb2O5及不同TiO2为原料经850℃煅烧后所得粉体的颗粒粒径相差不大,但相结构有所不同。研究还发现,不同原料所得粉体所烧结的Li2.06Nb0.18Ti0.76O3材料的相结构及密度没有明显的区别,但显微结构却有很大差别,并最终导致两种Li2.06Nb0.18Ti0.76O3材料的介电性能有很大的不同。     

钛酸铝固溶体陶瓷的制备与性能

用工业级原料采用固相反应法合成了钛酸铝固溶体[Al2(1-0.2)Mg0.2Ti1 0.2O5].研究了氧化镁(MgO)在钛酸铝(Al2TiO5)结构中的固溶对粉体合成的影响,通过测量Al2(1-0.2)Mg0.2Ti1 0.2O5陶瓷的体密度、热膨胀系数和抗弯强度,进一步研究了其烧结行为、热膨胀行为和机械性能.结果表明:由于MgO的固溶,在相对较低的温度(1 300℃)煅烧便合成纯相Al2(1-0.2)Mg0.2Ti1 0.2O5粉体,并且具有良好的烧结活性.用1 380℃合成的粉体,经1 450℃保温4h烧结的Al2(1-0.2)Mg0.2Ti1 0.2O5陶瓷,不仅具有低膨胀特性,而且有足够高的抗弯强度.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备巨介电常数材料CaCu3Ti4O12

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备CaCu3Ti4O12干凝胶,再经700～900℃,6～10h预烧和950～1 100℃,16～20h烧结,成功制备了CaCu3Ti4O12粉体和CaCu3Ti4O12巨介电常数陶瓷材料.用X射线衍射、扫描电镜分别确定了样品的结晶性能和形貌.用阻抗分析仪在10～106Hz范围内测试了陶瓷样品的介电性能.结果表明:粉体的结晶性能与煅烧温度有关,陶瓷介电性能与其晶粒大小有关.相对于传统固相反应合成法制备的粉体和陶瓷,粉体的预烧和陶瓷的烧结温度都有明显降低,烧成温度至少降低100℃.在800℃预烧的CaCu3Ti4O12粉体并在1 100℃温度下烧结制备的陶瓷,其介电常数可达194753.     

二步法合成低温烧结(Mg,Zn)TiO3介电陶瓷

首先采用固相法合成了(Mg,Zn)2TiO4粉体,然后将钛酸丁酯水解制备出TiO2溶胶,再利用TiO2溶胶对已合成的(Mg,Zn)2TiO4粉体进行包覆。包覆后的粉体经500℃预烧后在1 150℃烧结成瓷,采用XRD、SEM分别做了样品的物相和显微结构分析,测试结果表明:当TiO2/(Mg,Zn)2TiO4为1.1时,合成产物为纯的(Mg,Zn)TiO3相。在1 MHz下测试了样品的介电性能,结果表明:当TiO2/(Mg,Zn)2TiO4为1.1,烧结温度为1 150℃时,陶瓷介电性能最好。     

煅烧温度对纳米TiO2光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响

以钛酸四正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同煅烧温度(500℃、600℃、700℃和800℃)的TiO2纳米粒子,对样品进行了TG-DTA、XRD、UV-Vis及IR分析,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了煅烧温度对TiO2光催化性能的影响.结果表明:随着煅烧温度的升高,TiO2晶粒尺寸迅速长大,800℃时,出现金红石相;TiO2的吸收带边随煅烧温度的升高发生了不同程度的红移;600℃煅烧得到的TiO2粒子表面易羟基化,其光催化性能最好.     

制备方法对尖晶石Li_4Ti_5O_(12)负极材料性质的影响

采用高温固相法、热聚合法和改良溶胶-凝胶法制备锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、恒电流充放电及电化学阻抗表征了合成产物的结构、形貌及电化学性能。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法合成的粉末为纯相Li4Ti5O12,而高温固相法和聚合法合成的Li4Ti5O12则存在TiO2杂相。高温固相法合成的Li4Ti5O12粉末晶粒最大,溶胶-凝胶法合成的粉末晶粒最小,分布最为均匀,晶粒尺寸约为80 nm。高温固相法、热聚合法和溶胶-凝胶法制备的Li4Ti5O12粉末首次放电容量分别为161.6、165.9 mA·h/g和171.5 mA·h/g,循环25次后的容量保持率分别为84.7%、87.7%和94.3%,溶胶-凝胶法合成的Li4Ti5O12粉末电化学性能最好。     

凝胶燃烧法制备KNbO3纳米粉体

以自制的水合氧化铌(Nb2O.5nH2O)为铌源,硝酸钾(KNO3)为钾源,采用柠檬酸凝胶-燃烧法制备出铌酸钾(KNbO3,KN)粉体。通过TG/DSC研究了前躯体粉末的热分解过程;借助XRD和TEM对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌和粒径进行了表征。结果表明,过多的柠檬酸和羧酸盐在330℃附近分解成碳酸盐,在600℃时KN相开始形成,没有中间相产生。煅烧温度大于600℃即可获得分散良好、粒度均匀、形状规则的纳米KN粉体。随着煅烧温度的升高,KN粉体的结晶度提高,颗粒增大。     

柠檬酸盐法制备Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷粉体的工艺研究

本实验采用柠檬酸盐法制备（NaBi）0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷粉体,系统研究了柠檬酸浓度、溶液pH值、煅烧温度等工艺条件对制备的影响。经研究分析,当柠檬酸浓度C=9%,溶液pH=7.5时,能形成透明、均匀、稳定的溶胶,且形成时间最短;650℃下煅烧2h能够合成单一的钙钛矿结构的钛酸铋钠晶相,比传统固相反应法煅烧温度降低了200℃。     

纳米Fe2O3对钛酸铝陶瓷热稳定性能的影响

以溶胶–凝胶法制备的钛酸铝前驱体和固相合成法制备的纳米Fe2O3为原料,在不同温度煅烧保温2h制备出钛酸铝固溶体[Al2(1–x)Fe2xTiO5]。通过X射线衍射、电子探针分析并计算晶格常数和热分解率,研究了纳米Fe2O3含量以及烧成温度对烧后试样热分解性能的影响。结果表明:纳米Fe2O3很容易与Al2TiO5反应,形成固溶体,抑制钛酸铝陶瓷的热分解;随着纳米Fe2O3加入量的增加,Al2(1–x)Fe2xTiO5的晶格常数变大,热分解率降低,但当加入量超过10%时,Al2(1–x)Fe2xTiO5的晶格常数不变甚至减小,热分解率反而会增大;纳米Fe2O3作为添加剂可改善钛酸铝陶瓷的热分解性能。煅烧温度对钛酸铝的热分解率有很大影响,随着温度升高,热分解率降低,当温度大于1350℃时,钛酸铝陶瓷晶格常数保持不变,钛酸铝陶瓷的热分解率变化不大。     

溶胶–凝胶法制备(Na0.50+xK0.50-2xLix)Nb0.9Ta0.1O3无铅压电陶瓷及其性能

采用溶胶–凝胶法制备Li+取代(K0.5Na0.5)+及Ta5+取代Nb5+的(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3陶瓷粉体,采用无压烧结工艺制备(Na0.50+xK0.50–2xLix)Nb0.9Ta0.1O3(x=0,0.02,0.04)陶瓷样品。研究了前驱体煅烧温度对陶瓷粉体物相组成的影响。分析了不同Li+掺杂量对样品物相组成、微观结构、体积密度及电学性能的影响。结果表明:前驱体的最佳煅烧温度为600℃,通过透射电子显微镜分析陶瓷粉体的粒径为49 nm;不同Li+掺杂量制备的(Na0.50+xK0.50–2xLix)Nb0.9Ta0.1O3陶瓷样品均为正交相钙钛矿结构;随着Li+掺杂量的增加,(Na0.50+xK0.50–2xLix)Nb0.9Ta0.1O3陶瓷的体积密度先增大后减小,介电常数逐渐升高,压电常数先降低再升高,剩余极化强度逐渐升高。Li+掺杂量x为0.04时样品的压电常数(d33=94 pC/N)、相对介电常数(εr=684.33)及剩余极化强度(Pr=98.27μC/cm2)较好。     

Tuning of dielectric properties of (ZnO)x-(CuTl-1223) nanoparticles-superconductor composites

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and Cu_0.5Tl_0.5Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10−δ (CuTl-1223) superconducting phase were prepared separately by sol–gel and solid-state reaction, respectively. ZnO nanoparticles were mixed with CuTl-1223 to get (ZnO)_x-(CuTl-1223); x=0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt% nanoparticles-superconductor composites, which were characterized by different experimental techniques. There was no change observed in crystal structure of host CuTl-1223 phase after addition of ZnO nanoparticles, which provide a clue about the occupancy of these nanoparticles at the grains-boundaries. The inclusion of ZnO nanoparticles was found to reduce the voids and to improve the inter-grains connectivity in the host CuTl-1223 phase. The zero resistance critical temperature {T_c(R=0)(K)} was increased by increasing wt% addition of ZnO nanoparticles in CuTl-1223 matrix. The dielectric properties of these samples i.e. dielectric constants (ε′_r ε′′_r), and dielectric loss (tan δ), were determined by experimentally measuring the capacitance (C) and conductance (G) as a function of frequency at different operating temperatures. The values of dielectric parameters were decreased with the increase of frequency and become constant at certain higher frequency values, while the values of these parameters were increased with the increase of operating temperature values. So, we can tune the dielectric properties of CuTl-1223 superconducting phase by varying the content of ZnO nanoparticles, frequency and operating temperature.     

Optical Basicity of Titanium(IV) Oxide and Zirconium(IV) Oxide

The relationship between electronic polarizability of oxide(—II), α_O²⁻, and the electron donor power, expressed as the optical basicity, ∧, indicates that ∧(TiO₂) is much greater than ∧(SiO₂) and is approximately the same as ∧(CaO). Such a high basicity is supported by the trend in the Racah B parameter for the Ni²⁺ ion in crystalline hosts and is also indicated from α_O²⁻ values of glasses containing TiO₂. Electronic polarizability and other data for zirconium(IV) media indicate that ZrO₂ also has a high basicity, but that ∧(ZrO₂) is somewhat less than ∧(TiO₂).     

Ba(Zr_(0.055)Ti_(0.945))O_3含量对[(Na_(0.80)K_(0.16)Li_(0.04))_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)]TiO_3陶瓷性能的影响

系统研究(1-y)[(Na0.80K0.16Li0.04)0.5Bi0.5]TiO3-yBa(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3无铅压电陶瓷,获得压电应变常数高达185pC/N的0.94[(Na0.80K0.16Li0.04)0.5Bi0.5]-TiO3-0.06Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3压电陶瓷。样品的晶体结构为三方相、四方相共存,处于准同型相界(morphotropic phase boundary,MPB)附近。该类陶瓷室温MPB的摩尔(下同)含量为0.050y0.065。样品y=0.060在40°左右的(003)、(021)双峰与46.5°左右的(002)、(200)双峰分裂最明显。随着Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3含量的增加,铁电相-反铁电相相变温度(θd)升高、反铁电相-顺电相相变温度(θm)降低;θd和θm的温差越来越小,材料的弛豫性逐渐降低。     

Synergetic toughening of poly(phenylene sulfide) by poly(phenylsulfone) and poly(ethylene-ran-methacrylate-ran-glycidyl methacrylate)

Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is a high-performance super-engineering plastic, but is brittle. In this study, super-tough PPS-based blends were successfully generated by melt blending PPS with poly(ethylene-ran-methacrylate-ran-glycidyl methacrylate) (EGMA) and poly(phenylsulfone) (PPSU) at (56/14/30) PPS/EGMA/PPSU composition, and their toughening mechanisms were investigated in detail. It was demonstrated the interfacial reaction between PPS and EGMA and partial miscibility between PPS and PPSU, both play important synergistic roles on the toughening. The interfacial reaction between PPS and EGMA contributes to the reduction of the PPSU domain size by the increased viscosity of the PPS matrix containing EGMA, and the increased mobility of EGMA chains by negative pressure effect. The partial miscibility between PPS and PPSU contributes to the increased interfacial adhesion between PPS and PPSU, resulting in effective propagation of the impact to the domains, and the increased mobility of not only PPSU chains but also PPS chains, causing a reduction in crystallization.     

The effect of poly(ethylene glycol) as plasticizer in blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene succinate)

The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blends was examined. Overall, it was found that PEG acted as an effective plasticizer for the PLA phase in these microphase‐separated blends, increasing the elongation at break in all blends and decreasing the T_g of the PLA phase. Significant effects on other properties were also observed. The tensile strength and Young's modulus both decreased with increasing PEG content in the blends. In contrast, the elongation at break increased with the addition of PEG, suggesting that PEG acted as a plasticizer in the polymer blends. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the fracture mode of PLA changed from brittle to ductile with the addition of PEG in the polymer blends. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43044.     

Poly[6‐(2,6‐bis(1′‐methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridin‐4‐yloxy)hexyl acrylate] (PBIP) and its terbium (III) complex (PBIP‐Tb3+): Homopolymerization,optical, and magnetic performance

Poly[6‐(2,6‐bis(1′‐methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridin‐4‐yloxy)hexyl acrylate] (PBIP) and its terbium complex (PBIP‐Tb³⁺) were prepared and characterized by ¹H NMR and FT‐IR. The optical properties of PBIP‐Tb³⁺ complex were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Both polymer PBIP and PBIP‐Tb³⁺ complex show good thermal stability. The magnetic property of PBIP‐Tb³⁺ complex was measured as a function of temperature (5–300 K) at 30 kOe and as a function of an external field (?50 to 50 kOe) at 5 K. Magnetic hysteresis loop of PBIP‐Tb³⁺ complex at 5 K shows typical “S” shape and PBIP‐Tb³⁺ complex is soft ferromagnetic. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44249.     

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonic Acid) (PEDOT:PSS) Conductivity Enhancement through Addition of Imidazolium-Ionic Liquid Derivatives

Here, insignificant conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS through adding different amounts of 2-methylimidazolium ionic liquids into PEDOT:PSS aqueous solutions is reported. Maximum conductivity was reached through 2-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (5 wt.%) addition. It seems that observed conductivity enhancement mainly results from the impact of ionic liquids on the electrical properties and conformational change of PEDOT chains, and through weakening of the electrostatic interactions between PEDOT and PSS. Also, better conductivity was achieved through weak interactions between PEDOT and the PSS chain, which changes the PEDOT conformation and further delocalizes the polarons, as well as changes the electron transport properties.     

Effects of thermoplastic poly(ether-ester) elastomer and bentonite nanoclay on properties of poly(lactic acid)

This work presented the influence of thermoplastic poly(ether-ester) elastomer (TPEE) and bentonite (BTN) on improving the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). PLA was initially melt mixed with TPEE at six different loadings (5–30 wt%) on a twin screw extruder and then injection molded. The mechanical tests revealed an increasing impact strength and elongation at break with increasing TPEE loading, but a diminishing Young's modulus and tensile strength with respect to pure PLA. The blend at 30 wt% TPEE provided the optimum improvement in toughness, exhibiting an increase in the impact strength and elongation at break by 3.21- and 10.62-fold over those of the pure PLA, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis illustrated a ductile fractured surface of the blends with the small dispersed TPEE domains in PLA matrix, indicating their immiscibility. The 70/30 (wt/wt) PLA/TPEE blend was subsequently filled with three loadings of BTN (1, 3, and 5 parts by weight per hundred of blend resin [phr]), where the impact strength, Young's modulus, tensile strength and thermal stability of all the blends were improved, while the elongation at break was deteriorated. Among the three nanocomposites, that with 1 phr BTN formed exfoliated structure and so exhibited the highest impact strength, elongation at break, and tensile strength compared to the other intercalated nanocomposites. Moreover, the addition of BTN was found to increase the thermal stability of the neat PLA/TPEE blend due to the barrier properties and high thermal stability of BTN.     

海藻酸钠稳定Al2O3—ZrSiO4注浆料的研究

本文以海藻酸钠(SA)为分散剂制备Al_2O_3—ZrSiO_4料浆.通过对悬浮体PH值、SA加入量与粘度和Zeta电位关系的研究,确定了最佳工艺条件,制得浇注性能良好,固相浓度为68wt%的浆料,并通过注浆成型获得性能良好结构均匀的氧化铝—莫来石—氧化锆复合烧结体.     

Comparison on the Properties of Nickel-Coated Graphite (NCG) and Graphite Particles as Conductive Fillers in Polypropylene (PP) Composites

The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of nickel-coated graphite (NCG) in comparison with graphite as conductive fillers in polypropylene (PP) matrix. Graphite exhibits smaller particle size and higher aspect ratio (length/thickness) than NCG particles. The results showed that the additions of graphite filler in PP exhibits higher tensile properties and electrical conductivity compared to NCG filled PP composites. The electrical results showed that the percolation threshold of graphite and NCG filled PP composites occurred in the range of 10 to 20 vol.% and 15 to 25 vol.%, respectively.