基于交替投影的MIMO雷达最优波形设计

该文研究用于多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的具有低相关旁瓣的恒模波形设计方法,这类波形可以抑制距离旁瓣遮蔽和不同信号回波之间的相互干扰。首先,根据非周期相关函数与功率谱(PSD)之间的傅里叶变换对关系,将波形的相关特性优化问题转换为功率谱优化问题;然后,基于功率谱拟合的思想,将设计波形的功率谱向理想波形功率谱逼近;最后,在时、频域交替投影的算法框架下,利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)实现波形的优化设计。计算机仿真表明,该算法能够设计具有良好相关特性的MIMO雷达波形且运算效率较高。     

基于正交互补序列的瞬时极化测量编码波形设计

以二相编码波形为例,建立了瞬时极化雷达的极化测量信号模型;为提高波形的峰值旁瓣电平(PSL)和隔离度(Ⅰ),设计出用于瞬时极化测量的正交互补二相编码波形,分析了其匹配接收方案;以26位正交互补序列为例,讨论了该编码波形的自模糊函数、互模糊函数特性;最后,结合具体雷达参数,分析了其极化测量性能:对于静止目标或多普勒频移精确补偿后,该编码波形具有特有优势,既能消除多目标间的相互干扰,又能消除散射矩阵元素之间的串扰影响,准确进行散射矩阵测量,当多普勒频移不能精确补偿时,该编码波形极化测最性能将变差,例如,在本文测量参数下,当多普勒频移为6KHz时,PSL、Ⅰ分别下降至28.5dB、22.5dB.本文结果对研究相位编码波形在瞬时极化测量中的应用前景及工程实现等问题具有参考价值.     

瞬态极化雷达接收滤波器的优化设计

 针对瞬态极化雷达发射波形自相关和互相关特性相互制约的矛盾,本文对瞬态极化雷达的接收滤波器进行优化设计,以减小相同极化通道的距离旁瓣和不同极化通道之间的相互串扰,提高全极化雷达的检测和估计性能.建立了瞬态极化雷达回波信号模型,分析了目标极化散射矩阵估计的误差来源,根据估计误差函数建立优化模型,通过凸优化求解对不同极化通道的滤波器进行优化设计.分析了单个静止点目标、运动目标和多目标情况下滤波器的性能,并给出了仿真结果.最后,利用实测数据验证了本文方法的有效性.     

组网雷达低自相关旁瓣和互相关干扰的稀疏频谱波形设计方法

组网雷达在提高目标检测、跟踪和抗干扰性能方面表现出巨大潜力,但也存在高自相关距离旁瓣和各节点雷达间波形的互相关干扰问题,同时还面临工作频段拥塞问题,尤其是工作在高频(HF)至超高频(UHF)的宽带组网雷达。针对上述问题,该文在信号恒模约束下,建立联合优化功率谱密度(Power Spectrum Density, PSD),以及自相关和互相关函数积分旁瓣电平(Integrated Sidelobe Level, ISL)的波形设计目标函数。利用离散傅里叶变换性质和特征子空间分解,提出一种低运算复杂度的循环迭代算法求解该目标函数。仿真结果表明,优化后各节点雷达发射波形具有稀疏频谱特性,同时还具有低自相关和互相关干扰旁瓣,所提算法具有较高的运算效率。     

基于马尔科夫判别谱聚类的极化SAR图像分类方法

该文针对现有的谱聚类方法用于极化SAR图像分类时精度较低的问题,提出一种基于马尔科夫的判别谱聚类方法(MDSC),具有低秩和稀疏分解的特点。该方法首先恢复一个真实的低秩概率转移矩阵,将其作为标准马尔科夫谱聚类方法的输入,以减少噪声对分类结果的影响;然后在目标函数中引入判别信息,使极化SAR图像的数据信息能够得到更加充分地利用;最后采用增广拉格朗日乘子法来解决低秩和概率单纯形约束下的目标函数优化问题。在荷兰小农田、德国、西安和荷兰大农田4个不同数据集上的实验证明,该方法具有较好的准确率,且参数敏感性较低,表现出了良好的分类性能。      

极化雷达输出信杂噪比优化算法研究

通过优化发射波形,可降低各种干扰和噪声对雷达场景信息的影响,从而提高雷达性能,以极化雷达为研究对象,在给定目标特性矩阵Ｔ(θ)、杂波参数和系统噪声υ条件下,采用最大化滤波器输出信杂噪比(Signal Clutter plus Noise Ratio, SCNR)为目标函数,通过优化设计发射波形与接收滤波器?实现了一种迭代优化方法。实验表明,相比现有的Pillai方法,该算法确保了极化雷达最大化输出SCNR的单调收敛性,提高了雷达的输出信杂噪比。     

基于联合优化松弛交替投影的组网雷达恒模波形设计

针对组网雷达工作频段拥塞、高自相关距离旁瓣及节点雷达间波形互干扰等问题,该文在恒模约束下引入联合优化松弛交替投影算法来设计稀疏频谱波形,使其同时具有低自相关旁瓣或低节点雷达间波形互扰特性。该算法利用功率谱与非周期相关函数的傅里叶变换关系将原优化问题转化为谱逼近问题,并通过多目标联合优化机制综合考虑各设计要求,引入松弛因子和加速因子扩展交替投影框架来优化收敛投影区,最终凭借快速傅里叶变换及加速交替投影机制实现迭代优化。仿真结果表明,该算法无需求解梯度,运算效率高且能够有效避免局部优化停滞,与当前流行投影算法及循环算法相比更适合工程实现。     

抑制特定区间距离旁瓣的恒模波形设计方法

 该文提出在特定的距离旁瓣区间具有极低相关幅值的恒模波形设计方法。该类波形可应用于具有发射自适应能力的雷达、声呐和通信系统,以抑制距离旁瓣遮蔽和多路径等干扰。该文使用0-1加权的积分旁瓣电平构造目标函数,将波形设计转化为无约束优化问题。针对目标函数的特点,基于功率谱拟合的思想提出了初始点选择算法,推导了目标函数梯度和Hessian矩阵的解析表达式,并利用子空间信赖域算法求解该优化问题,提高了优化过程的计算效率。计算机仿真表明,对于连续区间和多个离散点的距离旁瓣抑制,均能提供较好的效果。     

极化信号的优化接收理论:部分极化情形

本文针对部分极化波情形,利用电磁波的Stokes矢量表示法研究了极化信号的优化接收问题;利用Lagrange乘子法,分别推导了以信号干扰功率差(PDSI)和信号干扰噪声比(SINR)作为优化目标函数时接收天线的全局最优极化;并通过数值实例验证了文中结论。     

基于空频域MIMO波形优化的雷达通信共享系统设计

提出了一种基于空频域波形设计的雷达通信共享系统，即对多输入多输出发射波形在空域和频域进行优化，利用优化的发射方向图主瓣实现对目标区域的雷达探测，通过控制通信方位的发射方向图旁瓣水平以及通信频带上的功率谱密度水平来实现通信信息传输。为此，在方向图旁瓣电平、波形功率谱水平、波形恒模等约束下，以发射方向图的匹配误差为目标函数，建立了相应的波形优化问题，并采用半正定松弛方法和高斯随机化方法来求解该问题。文中给出了通信信息的解调过程，且分别验证了雷达性能和通信性能。     

基于线性调频时宽的MIMO雷达正交波形设计

线性调频(LFM)信号是一种被广泛应用的大时宽带宽积信号,利用LFM信号的多样性可设计多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的正交波形。该文针对现有波形相关函数存在的问题,以理论分析为基础,提出一种基于LFM时宽的发射波形,并给出了一种相应的正交波形设计方法。该方法以峰值旁瓣电平为准则,利用序列二次规划对各子脉冲LFM信号的时宽进行优化设计。仿真结果表明,与现有方法相比,所设计波形具有较低的自相关旁瓣电平和互相关电平。此外,通过数值实验分析了相关性能随波形个数及子脉冲个数的变化关系。     

Diverse waveform generation using semiconductor lasers for radar and microwave applications

The possibility of using semiconductor lasers to conveniently generate diverse microwave waveforms for radar and microwave applications is studied both numerically and experimentally. Such waveforms are generated from the dynamical states of semiconductor lasers in different perturbation schemes and varying operating conditions. Using an optical injection scheme, broad-band chaotic microwave waveforms and tunable narrow-band harmonic microwaves over a broad frequency range can be generated. Using an optoelectronic feedback scheme, chaotic pulsing, regular pulsing, frequency-locked pulsing, and quasi-periodic pulsing waveforms are generated. These optically generated microwave waveforms can be easily amplified and radiated out using microwave amplifiers and antennas. The power spectra, time series, and autocorrelation traces of such waveforms are studied. The peak-sidelobe level is calculated to quantitatively compare the correlation characteristics of these waveforms. A broad-band chaotic waveform with a clean single-spike /spl delta/-function-like correlation profile useful for radar and other applications that demand unambiguous correlation profile is demonstrated experimentally.     

静电放电波形统计特性试验研究

ESD波形的随机性给计量校准和结论判断带来了一定问题,测量了某ESD模拟器的400条接触放电波形,使用统计方法进行研究,并且定义了衡量波形离散程度的新参量,分析了若干参量间的线性相关性,给出了计量中引入统计方法的建议：连续测量多条ESD波形的tr和峰值电流,统计tr和峰值电流的相对标准差且做适当限制,并规定一定比例的值落在限值区间内,就认为可以接受。     

Performance Analysis of Maximum-Likelihood Multiuser Detection in Space–Time-Coded CDMA With Imperfect Channel Estimation

In this paper, the performance of maximum-likelihood multiuser detection in space-time-coded code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems with imperfect channel estimation is analyzed. A K-user synchronous CDMA system that employs orthogonal space-time block codes with M transmit antennas and N receive antennas is considered. A least-squares estimate of the channel matrix is obtained by sending a sequence of pilot bits from each user. The channel matrix is perturbed by an error matrix that depends on the thermal noise and the correlation between the signature waveforms of different users. Because of the linearity of the channel estimation technique, the characteristic function of the decision variable is used to obtain an exact expression for the pairwise error probability, and by using it, an upper bound on the bit error rate (BER) is obtained. The analytical BER bounds are compared with the BER obtained through simulations. The BER bounds are shown to be increasingly tight for large SNR values. It is shown that the degradation in BER performance due to imperfect channel estimation can be compensated by using a larger number of transmit/receive antennas     

Deterministic process‐based generative models for characterizing packet‐level bursty error sequences

Errors encountered in digital wireless channels are not independent but rather form bursts or clusters. Error models aim to investigate the statistical properties of bursty error sequences at either packet level or bit level. Packet‐level error models are crucial to the design and performance evaluation of high‐layer wireless communication protocols. This paper proposes a general design procedure for a packet‐level generative model based on a sampled deterministic process with a threshold detector and two parallel mappers. In order to assess the proposed method, target packet error sequences are derived by computer simulations of a coded enhanced general packet radio service system. The target error sequences are compared with the generated error sequences from the deterministic process‐based generative model using some widely used burst error statistics, such as error‐free run distribution, error‐free burst distribution, error burst distribution, error cluster distribution, gap distribution, block error probability distribution, block burst probability distribution, packet error correlation function, normalized covariance function, gap correlation function, and multigap distribution. The deterministic process‐based generative model is observed to outperform the widely used Markov models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

星载激光测高仪多模式回波参数提取方法（特邀）

全波形星载激光测高仪的接收波形特征参数可以用于反演目标的形貌信息,传统的波形处理算法不能用于混叠严重以及偏离高斯形态的多模式波形特征参数提取。针对混叠严重的多模式回波,提出一种基于偏正态拟合模型,使用激励Richardson-Lucy反卷积算法、逐层分解算法、梯度下降法和非线性最小二乘拟合算法相组合的波形特征参数提取方法。采用已知参数的波形数据集、机载仿真波形数据集和全球生态系统动态调查（GEDI）激光雷达波形数据,基于波形相关系数与均方根误差（RMSE）、波形特征参数相对误差、波形分量个数提取正确率等评价指标开展波形处理试验,并将处理结果与传统的高斯分解结果进行比较分析。已知参数波形数据集处理结果的平均波形相关系数提升了约2%,RMSE降低了约47%,波形特征参数相对误差平均降低了约5%,分量个数提取正确率提升了约34%;机载仿真数据和GEDI波形数据处理结果的平均波形相关系数分别提升了约1%和2%,RMSE分别降低了约56%和54%。同时,开展了陡坡区域植被高度解算的仿真试验,得到的植被高度准确程度明显高于传统方法。所有处理结果均表明该方法更有利于多模式回波特征参数的提取以及目标参数的反演。     

Performance of binary and quaternary direct-sequencespread-spectrum multiple-access systems with random signature sequences

The performance of synchronous and asynchronous, binary and quaternary (with and without offset) direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) communication systems using random signature sequences and arbitrary chip waveforms is investigated. The average probability of error at the output of the correlation receiver is evaluated using a characteristic-function approach for these systems. Numerical results are presented that illustrate performance comparisons between systems using random and deterministic signature sequences, synchronous and asynchronous systems, systems with rectangular or sinewave chip waveforms, and binary and quaternary systems with the same data rates and bandwidth. In all cases, the accuracy of the Gaussian approximation is also examined     

Laguerre-model blind system identification: cardiovascular dynamics estimated from multiple peripheral circulatory signals

This paper presents a method for comparing multiple circulatory waveforms measured at different locations to improve cardiovascular parameter estimation from these signals. The method identifies the distinct vascular dynamics that shape each waveform signal, and estimates the common cardiac flow input shared by them. This signal-processing algorithm uses the Laguerre function series expansion for modeling the hemodynamics of each arterial branch, and identifies unknown parameters in these models from peripheral waveforms using multichannel blind system identification. An effective technique for determining the Laguerre base pole is developed, so that the Laguerre expansion captures and quickly converges to the intrinsic arterial dynamics observed in the two circulatory signals. Furthermore, a novel deconvolution method is developed in order to stably invert the identified dynamic models for estimating the cardiac output (CO) waveform from peripheral pressure waveforms. The method is applied to experimental swine data. A mean error of less than 5% with the measured peripheral pressure waveforms has been achieved using the models and excellent agreement between the estimated CO waveforms and the gold standard measurements have been obtained.     

Performance analysis of linear multiuser detectors for randomlyspread CDMA using Gaussian approximation

The performance of a linear decorrelating detector (LDD) and a minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector is analyzed for random spreading waveforms. The performance of the LDD and MMSE detectors is expressed in terms of the so-called near-far resistance, defined by a reciprocal of a diagonal component of inverse matrix. For random code division multiple access, which employs random spreading waveforms, the near-far resistance can be regarded as a random variable. Many papers have dealt with the analysis of multiuser detectors for random spreading sequences. In most cases, however, these analyses derived only the expectations or bounds for the near-far resistance. In this paper, we directly derive the approximate probability density function (PDF) of the near-far resistance and corresponding bit error rate expression for random spreading sequences. It is based on Gaussian approximation of the cross correlation between any two randomly generated spreading codes. The resulting PDF turned out to be a reversed-and-scaled version of chi-square distribution. The approximate expressions, both the PDF and the corresponding bit error rate expression, were verified via Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that the approximation is quite close to the simulation results when the number of users is less than half the processing gain     

A Prototype Inverse Solution in One-Dimension to Find the Origin of Excitation, Strand Radius, Intracellular Resistivity, or Distance from the Surface

Can extracellular waveforms from a one-dimensional strand be used to find the site of origin of excitation (xs0), strand radius (a0), intracellular resistivity (Ri0), or distance of the electrodes from the strand (b0)? A computer simulation of a strand 11.8 mm long was used to examine this question. The Ebihara-Johnson equations were used to model the membrane's behavior. Extracellular waveforms simulated at two of 60 points along the strand were taken as "measurements." The inverse calculations had the objective of finding one or two of the variables xs0, a0, Ri0, or b0 with the others known. The solution procedure compared the "measured" waveforms to trial waveforms obtained by varying all unknown parameters through their physiological range. For example, waveforms from two electrodes separated by 5.6 mm were sufficient to determine xs0 within 200 ?Im at an error level of 150 ?V rms if the stimulus site lay along the strand between the electrodes, and a0, Ri0, and b0 were given. A major objective was a systematic exploration of the errors as a function of the values of the trial parameters. The error curves were frequently found to have several relative minima. In general, however, no combination of unknowns other than the correct one led to rms errors within experimental noise levels, a result in marked contrast to that of most other inverse calculations in electrocardiography.