International Collaboration in Indian Scientific Papers

Internationally co-authored publications may be regarded as an indicator of scientific co-operation between countries and is of interest in science policy. In this study, the extent of international collaboration in Indian science has been estimated from SCI data in 1990 and 1994. We find an increase in collaboration both in terms of output and the extent of the network and significantly higher impact (IF) associated with internationally co-authored papers in several disciplines. However, there was no significant increase in IF of collaborative papers over time, whereas Indian papers in general showed a statistically significant, though small, increase in average impact from 1990 to 1994. The bulk of Indian scientific co-operation was with the developed Western nations and Japan, but it was often the smaller countries with a few co-authored papers which showed higher average impact. Co-operation with South Asian countries, initially low, has doubled in four years. By a combination of multivariate data analysis techniques the relative positions of India's partners in scientific collaboration have been mapped with respect to the fields of co-operation.     

Multiplexity,Growth Mechanisms and Structural Variety in Scientific Collaboration Networks

A substantial body of literature has recently been concerned with the structure and dynamics of the collaboration networks that underlie the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge. Despite the growing interest in these networks, relatively little emphasis has been placed on two broad areas of investigation: on the one hand, the interplay of the growth mechanisms underpinning the evolution of collaborative arrangements; on the other, the implications that the structure and multiplexity of these arrangements have on knowledge creation and diffusion. The articles in this Special Issue aim to bridge these gaps in the literature and, by embracing a variety of perspectives, contribute towards a better understanding of how collaboration networks originate, function, and evolve. This Introduction offers a theoretical and methodological framework for the articles here included. It begins by discussing problems of measurement of scientific collaboration, and goes on to examine the role that growth mechanisms, structural variety and multiplexity play in shaping the genesis and functioning of collaboration networks. In reviewing current and emerging research themes, the discussion will also identify promising research directions that will stimulate future work on collaboration networks in science and technology.     

基于CiteSpace的聚羟基烷酸酯研究科研合作网络可视化分析

为探究全球聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）研究的学者科研合作紧密度、时空特征和未来趋势,基于文献计量可视化分析软件CiteSpace,以Web of Science（WoS）数据库为数据源,对2013—2022年收录的论文进行学者科研合作的归纳分析。研究结果表明：2013—2022年聚羟基烷酸酯研究的科研合作紧密度较小,全球范围的合作较为松散,合作关系存在明显的个人、机构和地缘指向特征,合作关系表现出“强强合作”的特征,并且合作机构以高校为主,其中实力雄厚的研究机构发文量相对也较高;发文量最多的国家依次是中国、印度、美国、意大利和西班牙,其中美国的发文量虽高,但研究者人数较少,成果基本集中于部分高产研究者。今后,研究者不仅要注重地区之间的合作,还应注意学科之间的合作,跨地域、跨学科可以增加研究驱动力。     

Age Structures of Scientific Collaboration in Chinese Computer Science

Scientometrics - This paper is a scientometric study of the age structure of scientific collaboration in Chinese computer science. Analysis reveals some special age structures in scientific...     

聚焦苏州峰会加强国际协作

"第二届世界材料高层论坛"于2009年10月12～15日在苏州举行,论坛议题主要针对能源危机和环境压力,推动新能源材料及其社会的可持续发展.此次论坛由中国材料研究学会(C MRS)、欧洲材料研究学会(E MRS)、美国材料研究学会(MRS)以及国际材料研究学会(IUMRS)联合举办,是一次汇聚了当今国际新能源以及可持续发展材料领域精英的高层峰会.来自世界多个国家的近100名知名科学家、政府官员以及企业家参加了此次高层论坛.组委会精心策划了太阳能和光伏电池材料、核能材料、氢能相关材料以及燃料电池、环境友好电池材料、生物能材料和其它能源材料等6个圆桌会.     

Reflections on Scientific Collaboration (and its study): Past,Present, and Future

Personal observations and reflections on scientific collaboration and its study, past, present, and future, containing new material on motives for collaboration, and on some of its salient features. Continuing methodological problems are singled out, together with suggestions for future research. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

国内外标准化理论研究及对比分析报告

本文通过对国内外标准化理论建设的发展轨迹开展的研究发现,我国标准化研究的主流把系统论的方法用于标准化的理论研究,坚持综合标准化思想,把现代工业模块化技术与标准化思想相结合,形成了我国特色的标准化理论体系和知识体系.但是我国的标准化理论研究与当前全球经济和科技快速发展的新形势还有较大差距.我国理论界对于ICT标准化,标准化与产业创新和公共政策设计的研究方面还都非常薄弱.我国的法学界虽然对知识产权与标准化的问题有一定的研究,但是与发达国家相比还有距离.我国的标准化界和国外的标准化界的学术交流还不够深入.     

科学知识图谱视角下国际绿色包装科研中的合作性分析

深度剖析国际期刊刊载的与绿色包装相关的文献,探讨科研合作在团队中的重要性,追踪绿色包装的研究动态,为绿色包装领域的科研人员提供一定理论参考。对Web of Science核心合集2007—2015年收录的1 252篇以"green package"或"green packaging"为关键词的文献进行梳理和分析;利用Citespace Ⅲ软件,挖掘国际绿色包装领域的核心作者、研究机构、国家地区之间的合作关系,并对关键点进行详尽阐述。研究结果表明:在国际绿色包装研究中文献合著率维持在较高水平;高产作者合著团队众多,形成了比较稳定的合著研究结构;大部分具有重要学术影响力的文献合著人数为2以上,因此合作团队人数以3~6最佳;国际机构间合作的宽度和广度不断加大,美国处于所有合作国家(地区)中心,中心度为0.56,几乎所有的国家(地区)与其都建立了合作关系。     

International Collaboration in Science in India and its Impact on Institutional Performance

In this paper, our objective is to delineate some of the problems that could arise in using research output for performance evaluation. Research performance in terms of the Impact Factor (IF) of papers, say of scientific institutions in a country, could depend critically on coauthored papers in a situation where internationally co-authored papers are known to have significantly different (higher) impact factors as compared to purely indigenous papers. Thus, international collaboration not only serves to increase the overall output of research papers of an institution, the contribution of such papers to the average Impact Factor of the institutional output could also be disproportionately high. To quantify this effect, an index of gain in impact through foreign collaboration (GIFCOL) is defined such that it ensures comparability between institutions with differing proportions of collaborative output. A case study of major Indian institutions is undertaken, where Cluster Analysis is used to distinguish between intrinsically high performance institutions and those that gain disproportionately in terms of perceived quality of their output as a result of international collaboration. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

形状记忆高分子材料在生物医学领域的应用

形状记忆高分子材料(SMPs)作为一种新型功能材料具有生物相容性好、形变率大、形变温度可调、易于加工、可引入生物降解组分等特点,近年来,特别是在生物医药领域,SMPs已成为研究人员广泛关注的焦点之一。根据SMPs的功能及其应用研究现状,着重综述了近年来SMPs在矫形固定材料、药物缓释体系、手术缝合、微创医疗器械以及组织工程等生物医学领域的主要研究和应用,并展望了SMPs在生物医学领域未来的研究方向和前景,同时,简要介绍了SMPs的发展概况及其具有形状记忆效应的原理。     

国内外铁路噪声标准概况

交通噪声已经成为主要污染源之一。目前,世界各国正在不断的更新本国的交通噪声标准以符合本国的降噪要求。对世界主要国家铁路噪声标准进行分析,为我国在制定铁路噪声标准时提供一些资料方面的参考和启示。     

Collaboration in Innovation Between Foreign Subsidiaries and Local Universities: Evidence from Spain

Collaboration between foreign subsidiaries and universities is relevant for multinational companies (MNCs) that aim at absorbing knowledge from abroad, as well as for universities and policy-makers attempting to maximize the spillovers associated with foreign direct investment (FDI). In this paper, we explore how MNCs collaborate with universities in the foreign countries where they locate and provide new empirical evidence for Spain as a host country. Using a probit model with panel data comprising 9,614 firms for the period 2005–2011, we explore differences between the propensity to collaborate with universities of foreign subsidiaries and Spanish firms. Subsequently, building on a new survey to 89 foreign subsidiaries and on a more detailed analysis of five case studies, we discuss the variety of motivations that drive collaboration with universities and relate the scale and scope of such collaborations with the dynamic mandates of foreign subsidiaries in global innovation networks.     

玻璃基生物医用材料的研究进展

生物玻璃是重要的无机生物医用材料之一，论述了生物玻璃材料的发展历史，研究现状及发展方向，特别是详尽地讨论了生物玻璃因其具有良好的生物活性，生物相容性而广泛地应用于骨科，牙科的替代及骨组织工程中的领域，最后展望了生物玻璃材料的应用前景。     

绿色包装国内外标准对比

目的通过梳理对比国内外绿色包装相关的标准法规体系,提出适应我国包装行业发展的绿色包装评价方法和准则标准的制定建议。方法通过对比欧盟、美国、日本、韩国等国外发达地区和国家在绿色包装标准体系方面的异同,总结我国现行绿色包装相关标准的技术差距及评价标准制定中存在的问题。结果发现除美国之外的其他各国绿色包装相关标准法规均以欧盟法规为基础,明确了我国绿色包装的概念,并建议将全生命周期的概念引入我国绿色包装评价标准中。结论各国绿色包装相关标准体系表现出明显趋同现象,在概念术语和具体评价方法/内容方面又存有差异。我国应充分借鉴各国绿色包装评价标准技术的特点,全面评价包装产品全生命周期过程中资源、能源、环境、品质的影响程度。     

新型生物医用金属材料的研究和进展

在概述医用金属材料目前的研究现状、性能和应用的基础上，指出了医用金属材料应用中目前存在的主要问题，阐述了近些年生物医用金属材料的新进展，并对今后的发展提出了自己的观点。     

羊毛角蛋白作为生物医用材料的研究进展

羊毛是一种天然角蛋白纤维,人们很早就开始用化学方法降解羊毛以研究其蛋白质组成和结构,并尝试研究它的各种再生应用.随着生物技术,特别是组织工程的发展,人们开始关注羊毛角蛋白在生物及医用上的研究,并取得一定研究结果.由此对经典的羊毛角蛋白结构、提取方法、相应生物材料及其应用的研究与进展进行了总结回顾,并对发展前景作了评述.     

从国际计量机构科研产出看计量领域发展态势——基于文献计量学

采用国际通行的文献计量学的方法,基于2013～2020年Web of Science(WOS)收录的SCI论文数据,研究分析了发达国家计量机构如:美国标准技术研究院 (NIST)、英国国家物理实验室(NPL) 和德国物理技术研究院(PTB)的科研产出,包括论文规模和学科影响力等指标,并进行了对标分析,尝试剖析计量领域科技创新的未来发展态势,同时期望数据背后的趋势和研究结论,能够在我国“十四五”发展中提供参考和支撑。