用Monte-Carlo法求解偏心矩形同轴线的特性阻抗

矩形同轴线是一种重要的传输线。文献中已用保角变换法、积分方程法、变分法等各种方法分析过。但这些方法都附加一些条件,如对称、一维偏心、内导体厚度为零或不为零等等。本文介绍一种求解具有任意偏心、任意厚度内导体的矩形同轴线的特性阻抗的简单而有效的方法。这一方法可用来分析其它的任意横截面的同轴线。缺点是当精度要求高时,耗机时多。     

隔离器用M型钡铁氧体陶瓷电磁性能的研究

以BaCO3和Fe2O3为原料,采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了六角磁铅石M型钡铁氧体陶瓷。采用XRD和SEM表征了样品的晶体结构和形貌特征。采用同轴法测试了样品的复介电常数(ε)和磁导率(μ),利用带状线法测试了其微波吸收性能。结果表明:经不同的烧结制度均制备出了物相单一、结晶良好的钡铁氧体样品;1 200℃保温8h制备的样品ε最大;1 250℃保温4 h制备的样品具有最高的μ,且在10.2 GHz的频率下,吸收损耗可达5.0 dB/mm。     

3-D Micro Coaxial Transmission Lines With Integrated MEM Capacitors

This paper introduces a 20 mum-tall, rectangular micro coaxial transmission line with an embedded micro electromechanical (MEM) capacitor. The measured capacitance ratio is about 6.5 with an actuation voltage of 30-50 V. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time a MEM device has been implemented within a fully-shielded, micro coaxial transmission line structure. The fabrication includes a single step release process for a dual layer suspended structure (beam and the top lid).     

利用频率选择表面改善微波吸收材料S波段的吸波性能

研究了如何利用金属周期性频率选择表面(FSS)的频率特性来改善微波吸收材料S波段的吸波性能。利用频率选择表面的等效电路和传输线理论分析了FSS和吸波材料涂层双层结构的微波反射特性。采用基于有限元方法的电磁波全波分析软件设计并仿真分析了FSS的结构和尺寸,实际制作了FSS和吸波材料涂层双层结构,测量了微波反射性能。理论分析和实验研究表明,利用FSS可以明显改善吸波材料涂层S波段的吸波性能,展宽涂层的吸波带宽,从而改善吸波材料的低频吸波性能。     

Magnetic Field Pickup by Flexible Braid Coaxial Cables

Cabling systems have long been known to be a source of unwanted pickup of radio-frequency interference. A typical source of pickup occurs when the outer sheath of a coaxial cable system forms part of a ground return for potentially interfering electromagnetic energy. Another source of penetration arises from a magnetic field which is perpendicular to the axis of the coaxial cable. A previous study demonstrated that the field emanating from a coaxial cable could be characterized as an equivalent open-wire pair. This particular effect is caused by the eccentricity between the centers of the outer and the inner conductors or because of other asymmetrical characteristics. The susceptibility of a coaxial cabling system to perpendicular magnetic fields can also be characterized in terms of an equivalent open-wire pair for short runs. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the shielding effectiveness of a typical flexible braid coaxial cable to magnetic fields perpendicular to its axis and to demonstrate that a coaxial cable may be considered as an equivalent open-wire pair in a cylindrical shield. A test setup employed a parallel plane transmission line to generate a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the coaxial cable. The shielding effectiveness of the braid was measured for several classes of braid conditions. Then, using the same braid, a coaxial cable with an experimentally induced known eccentricity was employed and the overall pickup measured. The results confirmed the objectives of the investigation.     

BaTiO_3掺杂羰基铁粉复合材料吸波性能研究

BaTiO_3介电材料在微波频段具有良好的介电频散特性,可通过在羰基铁粉吸收剂中掺杂 BaTiO_3改良其频散特性。采用固相合成法在不同温度下制备了 BaTiO_3粉体,测试表明,制备的 BaTiO_3粉体形成了单一的四方相晶体结构,具有很高的纯度和结晶度、较好的频散特性。在羰基铁粉中掺杂不同含量的 BaTiO_3粉体,使用同轴线方法测试了复合粉体在2～18 GHz 频段范围内的介电常数和磁导率,基于传输线理论计算获得了复合粉体的反射系数,对比结果显示:BaTiO_3粉体的掺入,明显改进了羰基铁粉介电常数的频散特性,有效地提高了低频波段(2～5 GHz)的吸收性能,含有4%BaTiO_3(质量分数)的样品在3 GHz 处的反射系数达到-8 dB。适当比例 BaTiO_3和羰基铁的混合粉体有望成为性能优越的低频波段吸波材料。     

射频同轴传输线的设计仿真与加工工艺

基于SU-8和BPN紫外负性感光胶,结合微电镀工艺加工制作射频同轴传输线,以实现射频器件信号的传输与耦合。首先确定在阻抗匹配情况下同轴传输线特性阻抗为50Ω的同轴传输线的具体尺寸,然后通过HFSS仿真软件对设计的结构进行模拟仿真。通过仿真结果验证设计的可行性,采用紫外光刻技术利用SU-8光刻胶做出内导体支柱,并用BPN光刻胶做出结构,对结构进行电镀。最后将BPN光刻胶剥离,即可得到射频同轴传输线。此方法制得的同轴传输线具有介质损耗小、辐射损耗小、无色散、带宽大和抗干扰强的优点,适用于高性能射频和微波电路。另外,它的制作工艺能与其他射频和微波器件及集成电路工艺兼容,便于与射频和微波电路集成。     

Demonstration of anisotropic composites with tuneable microwavepermeability manufactured from ferromagnetic thin films

Recently, we presented the microwave properties of laminated insulator ferromagnetic on the edge (LIFE) composites. For the fundamental mode propagating in a coaxial line, they exhibit large permeability and low permittivity. In this paper we investigate the properties of LIFE composites in the 0.1 to 18 GHz range when a static magnetic field is applied along the propagation direction. We show that the evolution of the resonance frequency with the external field can be described by conventional gyromagnetic resonance models. The effect of demagnetizing fields is analyzed. In particular, it is shown that LIFE materials exhibit comparatively low demagnetizing effects and large permeabilities. The evolution of the resonance linewidth with the external field is investigated. LIFE material may be used for a variety of microwave applications in a coaxial line or in a guide. In particular, we demonstrate a tuneable coaxial absorbing termination with peak attenuation frequency tuneable from 1.7 to 18 GHz with more than -15 dB maximum attenuation, and a switchable termination that can be either reflective or absorbing. The operation of a field-driven variable attenuator is also presented     

Influence of substrate on the high-frequency permeability of thin iron films

The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of thin metallic films obtained by magnetron deposition on polymeric and ceramic substrates are investigated in the strip line at frequencies of 0.13–12 GHz via frequency and external magnetic field sweeping. The influence of mechanical stresses on the FMR spectra of films deposited on an elastic (polyethylene rephthalate) substrate is discussed. The magnetostriction contribution to the anisotropy field of a film, as well as the influence of tensile stresses on the quasi-static permeability and FMR frequency, is estimated. It is demonstrated that the microwave properties of a thin metallic film are also specified by the properties of the substrate with such a film. A distinction in the magnetic properties of films with the same composition, which are deposited on different substrates, is explained in terms of the magnetostriction effect.     

A new model for microwave characterization of composite materialsin guided-wave medium

A method of determining the permittivity and the permeability of heterogeneous materials from microwave measurements in a coaxial line or in a rectangular waveguide is presented. Fluctuations are observed in the curves of the transmission and reflection coefficients measured in a guided space cell which are caused by the propagation of modes higher than lowest order. The measuring cell containing the sample is represented by an unperturbed line in series with resonators which model the coupling between the sample and the measurement cell for each higher mode resonating inside the sample. Finally, the intrinsic characteristics of the material are computed from the data for the unperturbed line. Results for several composite materials and measurement cells are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of this model     

Multidiode Switches (Correspondence)

The impedance of crystal diodes is known to depend on the applied bias voltage. This has suggested the use of diodes as switching elements in the control of microwave signal transmission. In the simplest form, the diode switch consists of a transmission line which is shunted by a diode. Coaxial cables as well as waveguides have been used for the transmission lines that are shunted by point-contact and p-i-n diodes. Slab line or coaxial switches where a diode is inserted in series with the center conductor of the line have also been developed.     

Coaxial line configuration for microwave power transmission studyof YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films

Microwave transmission measurements through YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ (YBCO) high-transition-temperature superconducting thin films on lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO₃) have been performed in a coaxial line at 10 GHz. LaAlO₃ substrates were ultrasonically machined into washer-shaped discs, polished, and coated with laser-ablated YBCO. These samples were mounted in a 50-Ω coaxial air line to form a short circuit. The power transmitted through the films as a function of temperature was used to calculate the normal state conductivity and the magnetic penetration depth for the films     

门钮式同轴TEM——矩形TE_(10)微反射过渡结构

基于门钮窗结构设计适合高功率微波传输的同轴TEM模——矩形TE10模的微反射过渡结构,经优化后,此类过渡结构在L波段驻波比小于1.1的相对带宽超过4%。在同轴线中增加感性销钉后,此类微反射过渡结构可以与另一段同轴线构成多节带通滤波器。研究表明:感性销钉取向对过渡结构的通带有重要影响,只有沿平行于矩形波导方向插入销钉才能得到最宽的通带。     

A simple calibration method for measurements of the permeability in a short-circuited strip cell

It is shown that the accuracy of measurement of the microwave permeability of thin films in a short-circuited strip cell can be substantially enhanced through taking into account the S parameters of the interior irregularities of the cell with the use of a calibration procedure involving two mutually supplementing reference samples. One of the reference samples is chosen to be a composite ferromagnet with the known frequency dependence of the constitutive parameters, and the other can be a nonmagnetic metal strip. For small samples with a low magnetic susceptibility, the measurement error can be 10–20 times reduced as compared to standard methods. In addition, the effect of the permittivity on the measured value of the magnetic susceptibility is taken into account. The method is tested for measurements of the permeability of prototypes and can be applied to calibrate other nondemountable partly filledtransmission lines.     

Photoconductivity effects in polycrystalline silicon and optically controlled coplanar waveguide switch

Photoconductivity effects in polysilicon are investigated and a simple model of gap inserted between two microwave transmission lines with semiconductor layer is proposed. Then a demonstrator based on an optically controlled microwave switch is studied. The microwave switch was fabricated by using a poly silicon layer deposited on the gap in a coplanar waveguide. Test results are compared with the model. Fabrication with polysilicon has the advantage of compatibility with standard Si processing methods and may be used for applications to monolithic integration of optical and microwave waveguides on silicon.     

A rigorous analysis of a coaxial to shielded microstrip linetransition

The transition from a coaxial to shielded microstrip line is analyzed by applying a rigorous mode-matching technique. The symmetry axes of the two transmission lines are assumed to be parallel, while the relative position of the coaxial line center conductor with respect to the microstrip line is taken to be arbitrary. The fields inside the shielded microstrip line are expanded in terms of the normal hybrid modes, while in describing the fields inside the coaxial line the transverse electric and magnetic modes are utilized. Both propagating and evanescent modes are taken into account in each transmission line. A modified mode-matching procedure is used on the junction plane of the two transmission lines to formulate the corresponding discontinuity problem. The mode-matching equations are solved by applying projection techniques. Numerical stability and computational efficiency are achieved in determining the scattering parameters of the coaxial to microstrip line transitions. Numerical results are computed and presented for several coaxial-to-microstrip-line transition geometries     

RF measurement of wire complex permeability

The complex permeability of thin round wires is measured with a coaxial system at half-wavelength resonance, using surface impedance and low-loss transmission line concepts. A steel wire is measured over the band 300 MHz-3 GHz. The results compare well to measurements made early in the last century.     

MNG传输线带通滤波器设计

为了以更简单的结构、更少的电路元件实现更好的左手媒质特性,设计了一种新型磁负介质传输线（MNG）。该传输线具有负的磁导率和正的介电常数,是对传统混合左右手（CRLH）传输线理论上的扩展和设计上的改进。采用该MNG传输线设计了一个切比雪夫带通滤渡器,获得任意可调的双频带特性,其仿真和测量结果吻合很好,验证了MNG传输线的设计理论。该MNG传输线所具有的非线性相位响应特性,可以实现耦合器、滤波器、双模天线等多种新颖的可调双频带微波器件的设计。     

On noise generated in ignitors of TR tubes

The noise generated by a dc glow discharge inside a coaxial ignitor embedded in a standard X-band TR stage has been studied experimentally and the results analyzed. The noise variation due to changes in physical dimensions, notably the dc and RF gap length, have been experimentally measured and a physical explanation presented to account for the phenomenon. Dependence on dc current, pressure, and gas type was also measured in controlled experiments. It is shown that the generated noise and the coupling of this noise to the microwave transmission line is a critical function of the tip shape and insertion depth of the solid cone into the coaxial ignitor cone. This effect is due to the interception of the charge carriers by the apex of the solid cone. This interception creates a noise current whose axis makes an angle with thebar{E}vector of a propagating mode(s). When this angle is small and the discharge current large, the noise energy in the transmission line becomes large. Data showing a linear dependence of generated noise with ignitor current provides strong evidence that this is shot noise. Calculations of the available thermal power per cycle and the shot noise power per cycle are summed and compared with each other and with experimental values. These calculations further indicate the dominance of shot noise power under experimental conditions simulating a practical TR tube. Conclusions regarding techniques for the development of ultralow noise TR's are given.     

A new tool for accurate S-parameters measurements and permittivity reconstruction

In this paper, we present a tool for permittivity reconstruction. The tool consists of a coaxial transmission line and a novel analytical reconstruction technique. The line is designed for accurate permittivity measurements of soil samples. It allows for single or double phase flow. The full S-parameter matrix is modeled with transmission line theory. We show that for accurate measurements each component of the tool needs careful calibration. We give a method to compute the sensitivity of these measurements to different materials, and we show the accuracy in the determination of the sample permittivity from the measurements based on deviations of the forward model compared to measured results as a function of the error in the sample permittivity. We demonstrate that a maximum error of less than 1% is obtained for the possible permittivity reconstruction from these measurements for wavelengths less than five times the sample holder length. The novel reconstruction technique is based in the propagation matrices method. It consists in rewriting the transmission line model in matrix notation and relating the S-parameters to the total reflection and transmission of the line seen as a two-port network. Thanks to this novel approach, the reconstruction of both permittivity and permeability can be done directly from the measured S-parameters of the line. Due to experimental instabilities the errors are considerable, and we must restrict ourselves to the reconstruction of permittivity. Results on an air sample are within the predicted error of 1%. Computing relative errors for an ethanol sample is not possible due to temperature and purity difference between our experiment and published results; nevertheless, the reconstructed permittivity of ethanol follows the Debye model.