涤/棉混纺的反向染色

反向染色是指在染涤/棉混纺织物或纱线时,先用活性染料染棉,后用分散染料染涤纶,与常规染色正好相反的一种染色方法。用此法染色可省去活性染料染色的中和及后处理,且利用后来涤纶高温染色作为纤维素纤维最佳的后处理,因而是一种既经济又可靠的染色法。赫斯特公司在开发反向染色中,以Sam-aron分散染料和Remazol活性染料染涤/棉混纺织物和纱线,其方法如下:     

白竹炭涤纶的染色性能

以普通涤纶为对比,采用3种分散染料对白竹炭涤纶进行染色,探讨了分散染料对白竹炭涤纶的提升性能、动力学以及热力学性能的影响,并计算出分散染料在纤维上的染色速率常数、半染时间和分配系数。结果表明:白竹炭涤纶和普通涤纶的染色特性很相似;白竹炭涤纶的染色速率常数和分散系数稍大于普通涤纶,半染时间比普通涤纶的短。     

常压沸染普通涤纶制取新技术及可染性

本文探讨了普通涤纶常压沸染的理论,纤维超分子结构对常压沸染性能的影响。同时叙述了常压沸染普通涤纶制取的新工艺和新技术,涤纶常压沸染用分散染料选择的理论依据。     

染改性涤纶的阳离子染料

阳离子染料用于改性涤纶染色,开辟了阳离子染料的新用途。本文论述了涤纶纤维的酸改性原理及改性涤纶用阳离子染料染色的特点,介绍了国外一些用于染改性涤纶的阳离子染料品种及近期文献报道的该类染料的结构类型。     

再论从源头解决印染行业节能与减排

从纺织的源头——聚酯化学改性着手,实现改性迭代涤纶的低温常压沸染,能够解决印染行业的节能与减排问题。如按2 000万t/a涤纶采用常压染色技术计算,可减少碳排放约60亿t/a。新型阳离子染料常压可深染迭代涤纶,可在深染的同时,上染率达99%以上,清澈的染后残液还可多次循环再利用,且K/S值高、色差ΔE小、色牢度高。     

涤纶织物原位矿化染色新技术

使用分散红玉S-5BL、分散黄棕S-4RL、分散黑ECT三种分散染料对涤纶织物进行染色,将分散染料原位矿化染色工艺与传统染色工艺进行比较,通过染色后残液的吸光度、化学需氧量、染品色差、色牢度、染色工艺耗水量等指标对矿化效果进行评定,从而评价原位矿化技术生产应用的可行性。     

纱线活性染料染灰色日晒牢度探讨

针对纱线活性染料染灰色日晒牢度差问题,结合拼色用量及染色成本,给出合理染料组合,使日晒牢度得以提高,质量得到保证。     

浅谈分散染料染色残液COD

该文通过打小样试验,挑选适用于碱性染色工艺和弱酸性染色工艺的两种不同染料各九支,并结合实际生产中大部分染厂所用工艺,应用三种不同工艺对涤纶织物进行上染,收集染色残液测量pH和COD．使用碱性染色工艺,染液在织物上染前后pH值有变化,残液pH值达到GB4287—92中的相关规定;使用弱酸性染色工艺和染厂所用工艺,染液在织物上染前后pH基本没有变化．对比三种工艺收集残液的COD值,发现使用碱性染色工艺的分散染料,收集的残液COD明显偏低。这为大生产中印染厂优化染色工艺、节能减排、降低综合成本提供了试验依据。     

载体复配对涤纶分散染料常压沸染的影响研究

将N-正丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、自制苯酯助剂和WLS联合应用于涤纶常压沸染染色中,结果表明:N-正丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺和苯酯助剂具有增塑涤纶的作用,而苯酯助剂和WLS具有阳离子结构,可促进分散染料阴离子胶束吸附涤纶,这3种助剂按适当比例复配有协效作用。复配载体应用于涤纶织物分散染料常压染色,染料上染百分率、染色织物表观深度、耐摩擦牢度及耐皂洗牢度与传统高温高压染色工艺效果相当。     

涤纶织物练染一浴工艺染色效果的探讨

为了分析涤纶织物练染一浴工艺的可行性,对练染一浴工艺的染色效果进行了分析探讨。结果表明:练染一浴工艺中,弱酸性染色条件比碱性染色条件的染色效果好。练染一浴、弱酸性染色工艺与传统染色工艺相比较,耐皂洗与耐摩擦色牢度相近,染色K/S值、上染百分率、染色提升性等指标有一些差距,均在可接受范围。实验所选三支分散染料中,分散蓝E-R的练染一浴、弱酸性染色工艺的各项染色指标与传统染色工艺较接近,更适合练染一浴染色工艺。     

防蚊型聚酯纤维纺丝研究

以普通聚酯(PET)切片为基本原料,添加防蚊母粒进行共混纺丝,研究防蚊母粒在PET切片中的分散性、热稳定性以及纺丝工艺对防蚊PET纤维的影响。结果表明:随着防蚊母粒含量的增加,防蚊PET纤维的强度逐渐降低,断裂伸长率逐渐增加;防蚊母粒具有较高的热稳定性,与PET的相容性很好。使用该防蚊母粒可以制备出性能较好的PET全拉伸丝,很好地满足了下游防蚊蚊帐布的要求。     

Dyeing of Texturised Polyester Yarn

The paper describes a study of many factors which play a significant part in the dyeing of texturised-polyester yarn at high temperatures. The variables chosen for study are the selection of disperse dyes to give the desired fastness properties, coverage of dyeing-substantivity differences before, during and at the end of the dyeing process. The effects of different types of dispersing agents on dispersion properties and the selection and behaviour of different types of ‘carrier’ suitable for high-temperature dyeing are also considered, the latter in relation to levelling, dye yields, ability to compensate for small differences in dyeing temperature, coverage of yarn variations, minimisation of dye and oligomer crystallisation at the end of dyeing and the stability of the ‘carriers’ themselves. The formation and behaviour of oligomer have also been investigated. Factors governing the choice of optimum dyeing cycles for polyester yarn are also reviewed.     

Trevira纤维的染色性能

为研究Trevira纤维的染色性能,借助扫描电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射,对Trevira纤维和普通聚酯纤维进行表征,并由结构特征分析其染色性能。采用分散染料对Trevira纤维进行染色,通过单因素变量试验优化出最佳染色工艺。结果表明:Trevira纤维截面呈"十字"形,与普通聚酯纤维具有相似的化学结构,同属疏水性纤维,但Trevira纤维的结晶度较高,故其染色性能差,且易染花。优化后的染色工艺为:保温温度125℃,保温时间45 min,扩散剂NNO用量1%(omf),此染色工艺所得染品具有较好的染色效果,且耐升华色牢度满足生产要求。     

超细涤纶皮革染色工艺的探究

通过筛选染料,探索了超细涤纶皮革染色方案,优选染色工艺如下:常温常压染色,分散染料质量分数为6％,HAc体积分数为1 mL/L,浴比为1:30,升温速率为1 K/min,100 ℃保温60 min,降温后取出样品,经过热水和冷水二次水洗,再经过还原清洗,水洗干净后烘干.上述染色试验工艺流程可以使超细涤纶皮革的染色深度和...     

Developments in Package Dyeing

Progress in package-dyeing yarn during the past ten years has been rapid, both in the total weight of yarn dyed, the types of fibre being dyed, and particularly in the design of dyeing machines and to a lesser extent in dyeing techniques. Polyester filament yarn is of great importance, but there have been significant developments in dyeing high-bulk acrylic yarns. In machinery developments, the outstanding features are in the rate of flow of liquor, and the frequency with which the liquor is circulated. New techniques have been developed to take advantage of these mechanical features, so that dyeing can be commenced at 135°C and the liquor dropped at this temperature, thus minimizing oligomer problems with polyester yarn. Many new disperse dyes of high sublimination fastness on polyester fibre have been introduced and these take full advantage of the new machinery and dyeing techniques. Another factor leading to wider use of package dyeing has been the need for shorter manufacturing cycles in the production of coloured yarn, particularly for woven fabrics. Worsted yarn, which would normally have been spun from dyed top is now being package dyed on a large scale. With spun yarns, the advantages of dyeing acrylic yarn in muff form have led to the rapid growth of this method of dyeing.     

Dyeing behaviour of polyester heat-set at different temperatures: separate and competitive dyeings

Woven polyester upholstery fabrics, comprising multilobal filament yarn warp and textured yarn weft, were heat-set at different temperatures. The weft of these heat-set fabrics was dyed at high temperature (130 °C) using dyes of small and large molecular size, respectively, using both separate and competitive dyeing methods. The results show that the difference in dye uptake between substrates heat-set at immediately adjacent temperatures is higher in competitive dyeings than in separate dyeings. It has also been observed that dye uptake differences are always higher for dyes of large molecular size than for dyes of smaller size.     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯纤维的染色性能

根据Shell公司和Dystar公司的研究,用Optidye系统从分散染料吸附与上染率、染色温度、pH值、匀染性及染色牢度等方面解析了聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)纤维的染色性能。PTT纤维在100℃就可染到深色,在60～80℃和90～100℃有两个吸附速度较快区域;PTT纤维属易染型纤维,在最高温度染保持30～40min即可。高温型分散染料在120℃染色,常压100℃染色无需pH值调节。分散染料染色牢度(洗涤、摩擦及耐光)非常好。     

蚕蛹蛋白纤维混纺纱染色效果影响因素分析

为迎合市场对蚕蛹蛋白纤维应用的需求,对蚕蛹蛋白纤维和天丝混纺纱进行了染色性能测试分析。以上染率及K/S值作为衡量指标,对上染后的蚕蛹蛋白纤维混纺纱进行上染效果评估。通过综合考虑,确定最佳染色工艺如下:1%(o.m.f.)的活性蓝M-2GE染料,浴比1∶20,平平加O质量浓度为0.5 g/L,硫酸钠质量浓度为25 g/L,碳酸钠质量浓度为15 g/L,上染温度和时间分别为65℃和45 min,固色温度和时间分别为70℃和35 min。经最优工艺染色后,蚕蛹蛋白纤维针织面料染色牢度较好,符合染色质量要求。     

阳离子染料可染聚酯纤维染色工艺探讨

本文用分散型阳离子黄SD-5GL、红SD-GRL、蓝SD-GSL上染阳离子可染纤维,研究了温度、保温时间、升温速率、染浴的pH值对上染率和K/S值的影响,并讨论了分散型阳离子染料和分散染料拼混对染色性能的影响。研究结果表明,三组分阳离子可染涤纶可以在常压下染色。