聚苯硫醚-聚酯复合纤维的成形及性能

聚苯硫醚(PPS)由于其优异的耐热性能使其在高温滤袋中得到了广泛的应用。采用复合纺丝技术,制备PPS-聚酯(PET)皮芯复合纤维,并系统研究纤维成形的牵伸温度、拉伸比对复合纤维力学性能的影响。结果发现:控制皮芯纤维的纺丝速度小于1000 m/min,可制备出力学性能与PPS相近的PPS-PET复合纤维。在成形过程中,随着牵伸温度的提高,纤维的强度降低,断裂伸长率增大,沸水收缩率减小,强度和断裂伸长率在牵伸温度高于105℃时产生突变;经过180℃干热松弛处理48 h后,PPS-PET复合纤维的强力降低6%左右。     

碳化硼改性聚苯硫醚短纤维的制备及抗氧化性研究

以纤维级聚苯硫醚(PPS)树脂和纳米级碳化硼为原料,采用硅烷偶联剂对纳米级碳化硼进行表面处理,将处理后的碳化硼与PPS共混熔融纺丝制备碳化硼改性PPS短纤维,利用浓硫酸对改性PPS短纤维进行氧化处理,研究纳米碳化硼含量及硅烷偶联剂含量对改性PPS短纤维抗氧化性的影响,并探讨了其抗氧化机理。结果表明：随着碳化硼含量及硅烷偶联剂含量的增加,改性PPS短纤维经浓硫酸处理后的强力保持率均呈现先增后降的变化趋势;在硅烷偶联剂质量分数(相对碳化硼)为0.7%、碳化硼质量分数(相对PPS)为1.2%时,改性PPS短纤维的抗氧化性好,纤维在浓硫酸处理下强力保持率达94.7%,比未改性PPS短纤维经浓硫酸处理后的强力保持率(84.9%)提高11.5%;碳化硼改性PPS短纤维的抗氧化机理主要是碳化硼本身具有良好的抗氧化性,硅烷偶联剂的分散作用和偶联作用也有助于提高PPS短纤维的抗氧化性能。     

聚苯硫醚砜纤维和聚芳砜纤维的制备及其性能研究

以2.0 dtex、51mm的聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维为原料,以双氧水为氧化剂、冰乙酸为催化剂,对PPS纤维进行氧化改性处理,通过改变氧化反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件,制备聚苯硫醚砜(PPSO)纤维和聚芳砜(PASO)纤维,并对改性纤维的结构形貌及性能进行表征。结果表明:在双氧水:蒸馏水:冰乙酸质量比为50:25:25、氧化反应时间为5 h的条件下,当氧化反应温度为25～60℃时得到PPSO纤维,当氧化反应温度升高至80℃时得到PASO纤维;氧化改性过程中,伴随着硫(S)原子流失和聚芳烃的生成,改性纤维中出现大量氧(O)元素,证明PPS纤维被成功氧化改性;氧化处理对纤维的表面形貌影响不大,但纤维力学性能降低;经硝酸溶液浸泡处理后,PPS纤维强度保持率为79.8%,而PASO纤维强度保持率提高到112.2%, PPSO纤维强度保持率高达138.1%,说明氧化改性后的PPS纤维抗氧化能力明显提高。     

聚乳酸/聚乙醇酸复合纤维的性能探讨

对聚乳酸(PLLA)、聚乙醇酸(PGA)以复合比为85/15,70/30分别进行复合纺丝,制得两种皮芯复 合纤维,并对纤维的热性能、力学性能和结晶性能进行探讨。结果表明:PGA和PLLA在熔融纺丝时,没有发 生反应。纤维的强度随拉伸倍数的增加而增大,结晶度和取向度也都得到提高。复合纤维皮芯结合紧密,没 有裂隙和孔洞。     

国产聚苯硫醚短纤维的研究开发

研究了国产聚苯硫醚(PPS)树脂的性能,讨论了国产聚苯硫醚短纤维产品开发过程中纺丝和牵伸工艺对纤维性能的影响。利用热分析、X-衍射等手段对纤维结构加以表征。结果表明,国产PPS树脂与进口树脂性能上存在差异,纺丝速度、牵伸温度等工艺参数对PPS纤维的结构有序度具有明显的影响。     

PET/PP皮芯复合防蚊纤维碱处理工艺研究

以混有无机粉体成孔剂的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为皮层组分,添加一定量的防蚊剂的聚丙烯(PP)为芯层组分,皮芯质量比为5∶5,通过复合纺丝法纺制PET/PP皮芯复合防蚊纤维;采用氢氧化钠溶液对纤维进行处理,通过正交实验探讨了不同碱处理条件对PET/PP皮芯复合防蚊纤维减量率的影响;对不同减量率下PET/PP皮芯复合防蚊纤维的表面形态、力学性能及防蚊剂保有量进行表征。结果表明:碱液浓度对PET/PP皮芯复合纤维的减量率及皮层PET的成孔影响最为显著;碱处理温度100℃、反应时间60min、碱液质量分数3%,浴比1∶50,减量率达到22.31%,PET/PP皮芯复合纤维的皮层刻蚀程度最大;随着PET/PP皮芯复合纤维减量率的加大,纤维表面孔洞数量、尺寸及密集程度均有所增大,纤维的断裂强度、断裂伸长率和防蚊剂含量明显降低;在碱处理温度100℃,反应时间30 min,碱液质量分数4%条件下处理得到减量率为16.57%的纤维,在烘箱中40℃条件下放置35 d,防蚊剂平均每天释放率为0.01%,减量率为18%的防蚁纤维针织物、对白纹伊蚊的驱避率为95.92%,具有极强的防蚊效果。     

炭黑改性聚苯硫醚纤维性能研究

在聚苯硫醚(PPS)树脂中加入少量的炭黑制成切片,采用熔融纺丝法制得改性PPS纤维。研究了炭黑的加入量对改性PPS纤维的取向、结晶和热性能的影响,以及改性PPS纤维经紫外光老化前后力学性能的变化。结果表明:加入炭黑可使PPS纤维取向度降低,结晶度提高;炭黑质量分数为1.5%的改性PPS纤维耐热性较好;经紫外光照射192 h后,与纯PPS纤维相比,其断裂强度保留率提高了30.3%,断裂伸长保留率提高了41.4%,抗紫外光老化性能得到了改善。     

聚酯低熔点皮芯复合短纤维生产工艺探讨

介绍了聚酯低熔点皮芯复合纤维的特殊性能要求以及原料的选择,在试验设备上探索纺丝成形、后处理拉伸卷曲、纤维表面处理、复合纺喷丝组件等工艺,为批量生产高复合率聚酯低熔点皮芯复合短纤维提供可行的生产工艺指导。     

低熔点聚酯复合纺丝研究

研究了低熔点聚酯切片的流变性能 ,以及低熔点聚酯与普通PET皮芯复合纺丝时的皮芯层复合比、皮层组分配比、切片干燥工艺和纤维拉伸工艺。结果表明 :低熔点聚酯熔体属典型的假塑性非牛顿流体 ,切片进行皮芯复合纺丝时 ,皮芯复合比选择 5 0 / 5 0 ,皮层采用 70 %低熔点聚酯和 3 0 %普通PET ,芯层采用普通PET ,所得纤维性能较好。     

马来酸酐接枝改性PP/PS皮芯复合纤维的研究

用自制的马来酸酐接枝聚苯乙烯为相容剂,与改性聚丙烯(PP)混合造粒作为芯层料,以聚苯乙烯和相容剂为皮层料,将芯层料与皮层料以体积比1:1的比例熔融复合纺丝,制得皮芯复合纤维,对改性PP的结构和皮芯复合纤维性能进行了研究。结果表明:马来酸酐已接枝到聚丙烯上,皮芯复合纤维相对于纯PP纤维,其熔点下降,结晶温度上升;电镜分析表明皮芯复合纤维的皮芯之间没有明显的裂缝,其相容性得到改善;与没有改性的PP与聚苯乙烯复合纤维比较,皮芯复合纤维的力学性能得到明显的提高。     

PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维的晶态结构与拉伸性能研究

采用溶液干纺法制备了聚β-羟基丁酸酯/聚乳酸/聚氧乙烯(PHB/PLLA/PEO)共混纤维,研究了PHB/PLLA/PEO初生纤维的晶态结构、在50℃和110℃下拉伸后共混纤维的力学性能及表面形态。结果表明:PHB与PLLA在PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维中的晶型均为α晶型;初生纤维经50℃和110℃拉伸2倍后,纤维的断裂强度均有所增加,断裂伸长率减小,50℃拉伸的纤维断裂强度高于110℃拉伸,其断裂方式均为韧性断裂;w(PEO)为5%,PHB/PLLA质量比为1:1,50℃拉伸2倍的PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维断裂强度为0.471 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为34.05%     

New functional bicomponent fibers with core/sheath‐configuration using poly(phenylene sulfide) and poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Bicomponent fibers using the high‐performance polymer poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) together with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were melt‐spun. Both possibilities of using PPS, either as core or as sheath material, were realized to provide special functionalities like improved thermobonding capability, flame retardancy, or chemical resistance. Parameters that guarantee stable processing of PPS and PET during coaxial extrusion with different core/sheath volume ratios were explored. Microscopic studies of the cross‐sections showed holes and cavities, which were formed at the interface between PPS and PET. Possible mechanisms for cavity formation were evaluated. Results of thermal and mechanical characterization by means of TGA, DSC, and tensile testing revealed a strong influence of the processing parameters, namely draw ratio and core/sheath volume ratio, on the crystallization and the tensile strength of the drawn fibers. By changing the core/sheath volume ratio from 2 to 0.5 in the PPS/PET fiber, the crystallinity of the PET‐component was switched from 10 to 50%, whereas the crystallinity of the PPS dropped from 68 to 7%. It was determined that bicomponent fibers can exceed the strength of monocomponent fibers up to 28%. The flammability and chemical resistance of the new developed fibers were characterized. In contrary to what was expected, the encasing of PET with PPS reduced the flame retardancy, though PPS has a higher flame resistance than PET. The chemical resistance of the PET core against hydrolysis was imparted by coextruding a PPS sheath. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Processing,structure, and properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube–poly(phenylene sulfide) composite fibers

To improve the processability and properties of the poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) fibers at room temperature and high temperatures, a series of composite fibers based on PPS and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were prepared by melt spinning. We researched the processability with a high‐pressure capillary rheometer, and the properties of the composite fibers were investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, fiber sonic velocity measurement, and single‐fiber strength testing. The results show that the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) had good interfacial adhesion with PPS and dispersed homogeneously in the PPS matrix. When the shear rate was higher than 500 s^?1, the oriented CNTs induced the orientation of PPS molecular chains; this resulted in a decline in the apparent viscosity and an increase in the orientation degree of the molecular chains. Meanwhile, the CNTs acted as nucleating agents to effectively improve the crystallization of PPS. The strength of the fibers at room temperature were improved by 28.8% after the addition of 0.2% CNTs, and the initial modulus was also significantly enhanced. The strength retention at 160 °C was promoted from 60.58 to 88.32% with the addition of 1.0% CNTs. The shrinking percentage decreased to almost zero from higher than 15%; this suggested that the CNTs could efficiently improve the dimensional stability at high temperatures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44609.     

纳米TiO_2/PPS共混纤维的结构及耐紫外老化性能

采用共混纺丝法制备了纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)/聚苯硫醚(PPS)共混纤维,借助声速取向仪、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析仪等研究了纳米TiO2对共混纤维取向、热性能、形貌、热稳定性以及耐紫外老化性能的影响。结果表明:随纳米TiO2含量增加,共混纤维的取向度逐渐下降;少量纳米TiO2的加入对PPS纤维的熔融温度没有影响,但其重结晶温度升高,结晶度大幅提高;少量纳米TiO2的加入有利于改善PPS纤维的耐紫外老化性能,经紫外老化192 h后,含w(TiO2)为1.5%的PPS纤维的断裂强度保留率和断裂伸长保留率分别为66.7%和70.5%,明显高于纯PPS纤维的39.1%和26.6%,且纤维表面裂纹明显减少;w(TiO2)为1%～3%时,纳米TiO2不会影响PPS纤维的热稳定性。     

Study on mechanical properties of powder impregnated glass fiber reinforced poly(phenylene sulphide) by injection molding at various temperatures

The prepreg of continuous glass fiber reinforced poly(phenylene sulphide) (PPS) was prepared using the powder impregnation technique and cut into the pellets, in which the length of glass fibers was the same as the pellets. After injection molding, the mechanical properties were tested and the effects of the pellet length, fiber content, and thermal treatment on the mechanical properties at different temperatures were studied. It is found that the tensile strength and flexural strength of 6‐mm pellet sample are slightly higher than that of 3‐ and 12‐mm pellet samples. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus decrease significantly with increasing the temperature. The notched Izod impact strength at 85ºC is higher than both at 25ºC and 205ºC. At 205ºC, the glass fiber reinforced PPS composites can still keep better mechanical properties. When the fiber content ranges from 0 to 50%, the mechanical properties increase with increasing the fiber contents at different temperatures, except the notched Izod impact strength do not further increase at 145 and 205ºC with raising the fiber content from 40 to 50%. Thermal treatment could improve the mechanical properties of the composites at higher serving temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷增韧聚苯硫醚的力学性能研究

通过熔融共混制备了聚苯硫醚/无苯基聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷(PPS/NPMVS)共混物及聚苯硫醚/单苯基聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷(PPS/SPMVS)共混物,并对该共混物体系的微观形貌及力学性能进行了分析表征。结果表明,弹性体在共混物中均匀分散,弹性体的加入对PPS基体起到明显的增韧效果;当弹性体的含量为3 %（质量分数,下同）时,2种共混材料的增韧性能最佳,PPS/NPMVS共混材料的断裂伸长率相对于PPS基体提高了3.9倍,PPS/SPMVS共混材料的断裂伸长率相对于PPS基体提高了2.4倍;当NPMVS含量为10 %时,PPS/NPMVS共混材料的冲击强度相对于PPS基体提高了1.8倍,当SPMVS含量为3 %时,PPS/SPMVS共混材料的冲击强度相对于PPS基体提高了1.4倍。     

Synthesis and characterisation of poly(arylene sulphides): Part 11. Preparation of poly(1,4-phenylene sulphide) directly from bis(4-bromophenyl) disulphide

Reaction conditions for the preparation of poly(1,4-phenylene sulphide) (PPS) directly from bis(4-bromophenyl) disulphide (BBD) have been established. Reactions were performed in a boiling quinoline/pyridine solvent mixture (91% by vol. quinoline) in the presence and absence of copper powder. Reaction products were fractionated and the fractions characterised using elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, viscometry, hot-stage microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and curing studies. The yields and properties of the polymeric fractions are compared to those of similar fractions obtained from preparation of PPS by solution polymerisation of copper(I) 4-bromobenzenethiolate under conditions which correspond to those employed in this work. PPS was not produced, and BBD was almost quantitatively recovered when copper was absent from the reactants. Reactions performed using an equimolar ratio of copper to BBD produced PPS of molar mass approximately 2–4 × 10³ gmol^?1 in 76% yield after 8h reaction. However, this PPS was contaminated with an insoluble infusible material which had a deleterious effect on the physical properties of derived cured PPS materials. The yield of PPS decreased and the quantity of contaminant increased as reaction time increased. PPS of molar mass approximately 10⁴g mol^?1 was obtained in 50–60% yield, free from insoluble infusible material, when the molar ratio of copper: BBD was increased to 2:1; it exhibited normal properties on curing.     

用聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩对聚丙烯腈进行导电改性的研究

采用原位化学氧化聚合方法在聚丙烯腈纤维表面生成聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩,制备得到纤维表面均匀覆盖聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩的改性导电纤维,其电导率约为1×10-3S/cm。纤维表面与导电聚合物的相互作用改善了原纤维的耐热性能,并对其力学性能没有造成伤害。     

Investigation of the effect of zeolite,bentonite, and basalt fiber as natural reinforcing materials on the material properties of PPS and CF-reinforced PPS

This study was performed to expand the usage area of phenylene sulfide (PSS) by reducing its cost without deteriorating the material properties. For this purpose, mechanical, thermo-mechanical and abrasion tests were conducted to composite materials obtained by adding carbon fiber (CF), basalt fiber (BF), zeolite, and bentonite into PPS, and the effects of additive type and ratio were examined. For the test samples, fabricated by the melt blending, the fiber content was 10 wt.%, while zeolite, and bentonite ratios were 1, 5, and 10 wt.%. According to tensile and abrasion test results, zeolite, and bentonite improved the properties of fiber-reinforced PPS by showing a synergistic effect. It has been demonstrated in this research that the cost of fiber-reinforced PPS matrix composites, which are widely used in advanced engineering applications, can be reduced by using natural minerals zeolite and bentonite without sacrificing material properties. Findings obtained from mechanical and wear tests, revealed that the composition containing 10, 10, and 80 wt.%, zeolite, CF, and PPS, respectively, exhibited optimum material properties. BF for PPS has been shown to be an alternative reinforcement to CF, as it exhibits the lowest wear rate and better interacts with particles in the matrix.     

The enhancement performances of cotton stalk fiber/PVC composites by sequential two steps modification

In the present study, the cotton stalk fiber (CSF) was modified by sequential two steps of alkali and copper ethanolamine (CE) solution treatment. The unmodified and modified CSF/poly(vinyl chloride) (CSF/PVC) composites were prepared. The mechanical and physical performances of the various CSF/PVC composites were studied comparatively. By the modification of CE solution, all the tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, water resistance, and heat distortion temperature of samples were enhanced continuously. The sample with comprehensive properties was obtained using 2% concentration of CE. The composites were also prepared with different CSF content. By increasing the CSF loading, all the tensile strength, elongation at breakage, tensile modulus, and heat distortion temperature of samples were enhanced. The existence of copper on the surface of CSF improved the thermal stability of the CSF/PVC composites. Water retention value, oil retention value, and scanning electron microscope were applied to reveal the components and microscopic change of the composites. The possible reaction mechanism of modification was proposed based on the experimental results and according to the previous literature. This method reported here may provide a new way for the fabrication of CSF/PVC composite in engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46090.