Transmit beampattern synthesis and waveform design for 2-D wideband MIMO radar

For matching the desired transmit beampattern of the two dimensional(2-D) wideband MIMO radar system, a new transmit beampattern synthesis and waveform design algorithm is proposed based on the frquency invariant beamforming. In this algorithm, to eliminate any dependency on frequency of the emiting waveform, the 2-D fourier relationship between uniform rectangular array(URA) transmit beampattern and spectrum of emiting waveform is used. Then the cost function of waveform matching frequency response is established, which imposes a constraint on constant modulus. Finally, the alternating matrix fitting method is used to design unimodular sequences. The proposed method effectively mitigates frequency dispersion of the 2-D wideband MIMO radar transmit beampattern. Numerical simulations have proved the validity of this algorithm.     

频控阵雷达动态点状波束合成

频控阵(Frequency diverse array, FDA)雷达通过在每个阵元辐射信号上附加一个微小频差,实现依赖于距离和角度的波束方向图合成。由于在距离角度维的缠绕和时变特性导致其波束指向难以控制。针对该问题,本文重点研究了FDA雷达发射波束时变特性和点状波束合成。首先,分析了线性频率增量FDA发射波束的时变性和空间扫描特性;其次,构建了时间调制对数频率增量和多载频频率增量FDA雷达信号模型,其中,对数频率增量方式合成的点状波束旁瓣较高,而多载频方式合成的点状波束具有较大的动态范围;接着,详细研究了时间调制信号模型中频率增量项时间变量与传播项时间变量的关系,若两者相同则通过抵消消除波束时变特性,然而,两者具有不同的物理意义,频率增量项中的时间变量仅与波形产生时刻相关,当电磁信号产生并在空间传播后,其频率将不再发生变化,传播项时间变量与电磁波的传播特性有关,是变化的量,因此两者不能相互抵消。最后,对脉冲对数频率增量和脉冲多载频频率增量模式下的发射波束进行了仿真,验证了对时间调制FDA雷达波束分析的正确性,并得出两种模式下可以合成动态前向传播的点状发射波束,且多载频模式具有较低的波束旁瓣。     

System Design and Signal Processing for Frequency Diverse Array Radar

Frequency diverse array(FDA) radar has been studied for more than 15 years and has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential advantages over the well-known phased array radar.The representative feature of FDA is range-angle-time-dependent transmit beampattern and its underlying properties are continuously revealed in the research. The formulation and exploitation of the transmit diversity with a frequency increment is the fundamental principle, which brings extra degrees-of-freedom(DOFs) in the transmit dimension. As the FDA radar carries additional information in range, it provides more flexibility in signal processing and also brings in new technical issues. This article overviews the state-of-the-art in FDA radar area and its applications, mainly based on the progress in our group. There are two main catalogs in FDA radar area, namely coherent FDA and FDA-MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output) radars. Potential applications including target parameter estimation, ambiguous clutter suppression, and deceptive jammer suppression are discussed.     

一种新的测量阵列天线方向图的方法

提出了一种新的测量阵列天线方向图的方法,即单元电流重构法,该方法是阵列天线的结构和组成单元已知的情况下,利用所测出的离阵列天线中等距离处辐射场的幅度和相位,计算出阵列单元的电流分布,进而得到阵列天线的远场方向图,计算机模拟的结果证实了该方法的正确笥和可行性。     

有限偶极子天线阵的特性研究

天线阵列的特性决定其应用范围，了解天线特性可以有效地利用其优点传输能量．针对偶极子天线阵，分析了阵元互耦影响和频率特性及其散射特性．主要包括在应用实践和开路电压相结合的方法计算阵列单元互耦的影响的情况下，应用矩量法分析了终端负载，散射场和反射系数随着频率变化的特性曲线，最后给出了阵列大小和入射角度的变化对散射方向图的影响．结果表明，对于半波长的偶极子阵列，当阵元问距为半波长时性能达到最佳．     

MIMO radar waveform design method via low sidelobe beampattern modification

In the design of the multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar waveform, decreasing transmit beampattern sidelobes could reduce the energy of clutters and false targets from sidelobes and increase the received signal to noise ratio (SNR) so as to improve the angle estimation property. Motivated by this idea, a transmit waveform design method based on low sidelobe beampattern modification is proposed for MIMO radar. First, the transmit waveform cross-correlation matrix can be obtained by the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique. Then the essence of our method is to establish an optimization modification model to reduce the beampattern sidelobe by changing the non-diagonal elements of the waveform cross-correlation matrix. Finally, the corresponding transmit beamforming weight matrix is obtained by this modified matrix, and the ESPRIT algorithm is used for the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. Meanwhile, the feasibility of our method is demonstrated. Simulation results show the superiorities of our method in sidelobe suppression, DOA estimation accuracy and angle resolution.     

单元互耦对自适应平面阵列性能的影响

采用混合法-矩量法和并矢格林函数法,着重研究了微带天线单元间的互耦对自适应平面阵列输入驻波比、波束指向、方向图的副瓣电平和零点位置的影响,最后通过测试对上述影响进行了验证,理论和实测较为一致。结果表明,在移动通信中,基站自适应平面阵列的设计必须考虑辐射单元互耦效应。     

High-Gain and Low-RCS Patch Antenna Array Based on Slot-EBG Structure

A novel low radar cross-section (RCS) and high gain patch antenna array is proposed. A pair of slots introduced on the mushroom electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) patch realize polarization-dependency and act as parasitic radiation to enhance the antenna gain. A chessboard-like configuration composed of slot-EBG blocks is further equipped on the antenna array for scattering cancellation. Optimizing the layout pattern enables the designing of a high-gain and low-RCS antenna array using the slot-EBGs. Full-wave simulations validate that a front gain enhancement of more than 2.5.dB in the operating frequency band and low-RCS in a broad frequency band for normal incidence are obtained by the proposed antenna array.     

高速运动平台MIMO雷达“三跨”补偿研究

针对高速运动平台MIMO雷达地面动目标“三跨”运动及补偿的问题,建立空间模型,导出了回波时延和发射方向图随时间及周期变化的公式。分析了回波的特性,给出“三跨”走动的表达式,提出了用预补偿校正目标跨距离单元走动和跨波束走动,并结合分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)补偿目标跨多普勒单元走动的方法。该方法可以实现对目标“三跨”运动的同时补偿,且由于预补偿是对发射信号进行处理,其计算量远低于现有的补偿算法。最后用MIMO雷达稀布阵的思想,采用“稀疏发射紧凑接收”的方式进行跨波束走动及补偿的仿真,仿真结果证明了预补偿与FrFT相结合的补偿方法对于“三跨”走动补偿的有效性。     

联合优化方向图合成与频谱兼容的MIMO雷达波形设计

多发射-多接收雷达发射方向图合成是当前波形设计和合成问题的热点,其目的在于实现将发射能量聚焦在感兴趣的空域方向上。而在复杂的电磁环境中,还必须兼顾考虑在拥堵频段上的频谱兼容性和灵活性,避免影响邻近频段通信系统传输性能。该文提出算法设计MIMO雷达发射波形向目标空域聚焦能量的同时,避开拥堵频段的频率范围。即针对发射波形在空域、频域两类要求而联合优化。联合优化问题被建模为加权均方误差代价函数,优化问题是非凸非平滑的。在算法的每一步迭代优化中,首先更新当前步骤的匹配系数,再对均方误差代价函数进行放缩,构造替代函数;进而优化替代函数,得到较小代价函数值对应的波形。该文提出的迭代优化算法,具有接近理想的方向图合成性能与频谱塑形性能,且运算量小。仿真和数值结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

小规模天线阵列波束指向校准算法研究

基于有源方向图叠加原理和杂草入侵优化算法对小规模天线阵列的波束指向进行了校准。对于小规模阵列,由于天线单元之间的互耦导致阵中每个单元的方向图各不相同,如果使用阵因子理论对其配相,阵列无法扫描到期望的波束指向。为了考虑互耦的的影响,利用有源方向图叠加原理合成整个阵列的方向图;再将杂草入侵优化算法和有源方向图叠加原理进行结合对每个单元的馈电相位进行优化。基于该混合算法,对一个7元平面阵列进行了优化,优化后的相位分布可以使该阵列扫描到期望的波束指向,解决了小规模阵列的波束指向偏差问题。     

MIMO雷达发射方向图匹配和波形优化方法

为了匹配MIMO雷达系统给定的发射方向图,采用半正定规划(SDP)来优化发射信号的协方差矩阵．基于该协方差矩阵,利用循环算法(CA)和极小极大法,通过优化波形相位设计出了具有低空域和时域副瓣的恒模发射信号．此外,又提出了用凸规划设计空域失配滤波器和时域失配滤波器的方法,进一步降低了空域和时域副瓣．     

Range ambiguous clutter suppression for the SAR/GMTI system based on the frequency diverse array

A range ambiguous clutter suppression approach based on frequency diverse array configuration is proposed to handle the range ambiguity of the space borne wide-swath high-resolution synthetic aperture radar ground moving target indication (SAR/GMTI) system with a high pulse repetition frequency. Since echoes from different ambiguous range regions are separable in the transmit spatial frequency domain, a filter bank is employed to extract echoes from each region, and then the transmit beam forming is implemented to suppress the clutter in each range region. Simulation results demonstrate that, by making full use of the limited channels, the proposed method could weaken the influence of heterogeneous clutter in each region and reconstruct moving target signals without range ambiguity, so as to expand the detection region evidently.     

一种新型宽带方向图可重构天线

设计了一种具有两个辐射模式的宽带方向图可重构天线。该天线由两个准八木天线单元组成,两个单元的辐射体分别指向相反的方向。两个单元使用同一根同轴线从背面馈电,在每个单元的馈线与同轴线馈点之间安装一个PIN二极管以控制辐射模式。在天线振子的下方安装反射板用以调节天线的辐射方向,避免了天线对射频组件的干扰。仿真结果显示,天线的工作频段为5.00~5.65 GHz,两种模式的主瓣分别指向θ=±55°,3 dB波瓣宽度均为110°,工作频段内增益为7.3~7.7 dB,调节反射板的尺寸可以改变天线的主瓣指向。对该天线进行了实际制作和测量,实测结果和仿真结果较吻合。该天线可以用于智能通信系统。     

一种毫米波梳形天线阵的设计

本文研究了微带梳形天线阵的设计方法，推导了微带梳形阵方向图函数表达式，并在毫米波段上设计制作了一些具体的微带梳形阵。作者相信整个天线的设计方法可推广到其它频段及二维面阵的情况，并且，该设计方法对于Ｋｕ波段卫星通信微带天线和Ｋｕ波段卫星电视平面接收天线的设计，有一定的参考价值。     

一种新型微带天线及其宽角扫描特性研究

该文主要描述了一种适合宽角扫描的相控阵天线单元设计思路,研究了其组阵实现宽角扫描的特性。为尽量减少大角度扫描过程中由于天线单元波束宽度有限带来的阵列增益下降,采用折叠地板的方式展宽天线单元半功率波束宽度;同时,为了降低互耦引起的天线单元方向图畸变,在宽波束设计基础上探索了降低天线互耦的方法,使得真实阵列方向图尽可能地满足方向图乘积定理,从而实现宽角、高增益扫描的目的。经一维线阵的仿真和测试,设计了一种能扫描到±70°且增益变化不大的宽角扫描阵列。设计的天线还能作为一种典型的天线单元,应用于5G等民用消费电子场景。     

侧向隔离微带天线的研究

讨论了可用于飞机,直升机,火箭等表现空间有限的飞行器高度表天线,通过高频仿真软件给出这种侧向隔离微带天线的参数,分析了接地环对天线隔离度的影响,并以四辐射单元例阐明了采用隔离之后辐射单元尺寸变化对天线阵的中心频率,驻波比,效率,增益等参数的影响,用多切割面辐射方向图描述该天线的全向性。     

GNSS中基于调零天线的欺骗干扰抑制方法

欺骗式干扰由于实现成本低、干扰能力强,成为GNSS中主流干扰来源,但现有GNSS抗干扰天线仅仅针对压制式干扰.根据欺骗式干扰检测获得的干扰到达方向信息,采用人为在该角度增加压制式干扰的方法,现有GNSS调零天线就可以在欺骗干扰角度形成方向图零陷,实现欺骗干扰抑制.通过对天线方向图和接收机扩频码同步仿真,验证了新方法的有效性.     

圆柱共形全向微带缝隙天线阵的设计

该文设计了一种圆柱体表面共形的全向微带缝隙天线阵.该天线采用低剖面缝隙天线作为阵列单元,利于实现共形;采用H形缝隙对天线单元进行小型化设计,以实现较小间距的组阵,从而获得较好的方向图不圆度.对提出的天线进行仿真设计及优化,获得了5.35％的相对带宽,仿真增益达到4.2dBi,H面不圆度≤1.5dB.     

A New Transmit Beamforming Method for Multi-User Communication in Dual-Function Radar-Communication

This paper develops a new transmit beamforming for an integrated mechanical and electrical scanning dual-function radar-communication(DFRC) system. Differing from the related some works using beampattern sidelobe level to communication, we exploit the fact that transmit beamforming weight vector u k in direction θ and weight vector u *k in direction-θ can achieve the same spatial power distribution, and formulate a new transmit beamforming vector design problem accounting for some extra sidelobe level constraints. By doing so, the number of the transmit beamforming weight vectors and the computing demand in the multi-user communication(MUC) scenario can be reduced. Finally, the numerical examples are designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design strategy in comparison with the existing method.