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高铬铸钢离心轧辊断裂原因分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对某公司热带连轧机R2粗轧高铬钢离心球芯复合工作辊出现的辊身断裂事故,通过对高铬钢离心球芯复合轧辊的特性分析、断口形貌分析、断口外层和芯部组织金相分析、外层不稳定相残余奥氏体含量的测定、轧辊在使用过程中的热应力计算等系列工作,得出造成辊身断裂的主要原因是:轧辊使用过程中,烫辊时间不够,致使轧辊外层与芯部温差过大,导致热应力断裂。避免热应力断裂的主要措施是根据辊温情况合理烫辊。 相似文献
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对断裂失效地铁弹簧进行了微观断口形貌、金相显微组织、残留奥氏体、显微硬度等方面的检测分析。结果显示,显微组织、晶粒度、残余奥氏体含量均正常,硬度偏低,断裂方式为疲劳断裂,且在断口上没有发现粗大的夹杂物。造成疲劳断裂的原因主要是回火温度偏高,导致弹簧强度不足,服役过程中,在交变载荷反复作用下,弹簧工作圈受到支撑圈的挤压,在工作圈表面产生压痕,进而发展成为疲劳源,经过一定时间的扩展后发生疲劳断裂。 相似文献
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柴油发动机进气阀为一体式锻造、硬质合金堆焊而成,在使用过程中发生断裂。为了分析断裂原因和制定对策,对断裂进气阀的断口宏观特征、微观形貌、金相组织、化学成分、显微硬度和残余应力进行分析。结果表明:进气阀断裂模式为疲劳断裂;零件堆焊层中存在较高的硬度和残余拉应力;进气阀在复杂的工作环境中受到机械冲击负荷和高残余拉应力的叠加作用,加上高的脆性,导致堆焊区局部裂纹产生;在重复的工作负荷下,裂纹以疲劳方式进一步扩展,直至断裂。建议严格控制进气阀堆焊后的热处理工艺,降低硬度和残余拉应力,从而有效避免此类失效的发生。 相似文献
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《物理测试》1986,(1)
冷轧辊断裂原因分析上钢三厂钢研所金相组冷轧辊要求高的表面光洁度。一般使用6~7小时要磨削一次。质量好的冷轧辊使用寿命可达200多次的磨削周期,而质量差的却只有30~40次的磨削周期就断裂。经过对断辊的断口分析,发现裂纹起源于中心孔的刀痕,然后向外扩展,最后导致瞬时断裂。断口的微观形貌是解理或准解理,在解理面交界处有一层韧窝。金相检验看到轧辊中心区域的组织是粗片状珠光体和呈偏析分布的碳化物。而长寿命的轧辊中心区域是球化组织。作者认为,轧辊中心孔加工粗糙是形成裂纹的外因,而锻压和热处理工艺不当,形成碳化物偏析和片状珠光体是使裂纹不受干扰地扩展的内因。因此某些工厂规定辊身基体组织的球化率要大于70%。 相似文献
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研究了经离子研磨对TRIP780钢中残留奥氏体含量与稳定性的影响。首先利用电解抛光技术对TRIP780钢进行样品制备以去除样品表面的应力层,然后利用离子研磨仪对所得样品进行离子研磨,再借助场发射扫描电镜对TRIP780钢中的残留奥氏体进行形貌观察与分析,利用电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)对离子研磨前后的TRIP钢中残留奥氏体含量进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,与电解抛光相比,离子研磨技术同样可以很好的去除样品表面应力层,但是对于TRIP780钢,经过离子研磨后样品中残留奥氏体的含量大幅度减少,从原来的10.1%骤降至0.02%。从残留奥氏体的菊池花样可以看出,经离子研磨后的残留奥氏体菊池花样明显变差,甚至模糊不清。经离子研磨后的TRIP780钢中残留奥氏体含量明显下降,同时其相结构确实发生了转变,由原来的面心立方结构转变为体心立方结构(即fcc→bcc),由此表明残留奥氏体在受到离子轰击后极其不稳定,易发生相变,这一点在残留奥氏体的准原位试验中得到了进一步的验证。同时离子研磨诱发了晶格的畸变,导致菊池花样清晰度明显下降,花样分辨率降低。 相似文献
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Oktay Elkoca 《Surface & coatings technology》2008,202(12):2765-2774
Electrical discharge texturing induces a recast white layer on the skin pass mill work roll surface, which forms the surface topography required for outer autobody steel strips and a heat-affected zone beneath it. The characteristics of these thermally influenced layers were studied by means of optical and scanning electron microscopes, X-ray diffractometer, radio frequency-glow discharge optical emission spectrometer and microhardness tester. It was found that the electrical discharge texturing led to a dramatic hardness drop in the white layer, which was attributed to the high amount of retained austenite. Moreover, softening was observed in over tempered section within heat-affected zone. Sub-zero and cryogenic treatments seem to be potential methods in order to restore the hardness of white layer and over tempered zone with an increase in both. Additionally, de-ionised water was found to be a promising dielectric liquid to abstain from retained austenite. 相似文献
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基于电磁场-温度场-组织场-应力应变场耦合模型,利用DEFORM软件模拟双列调心滚子轴承内圈感应淬火过程,并提出分段电流密度的淬火工艺,研究了轴承内圈感应淬火过程中温度变化、组织演变以及表层与次表层硬度、残余应力和残留奥氏体等。结果表明:分段电流密度的感应淬火方法能够使轴承内圈淬硬层均匀分布;加热效率随线圈电流密度增加而增大,且尖角位置温度会出现突变;淬火后滚道表面残留奥氏体含量约为6.97%,马氏体含量约为92.3%,表面硬度约为60.9 HRC,滚道淬硬层约为2.97 mm;深冷处理后残留奥氏体含量与残余应力降低,马氏体含量与硬度均提高;残余应力沿内圈中心径向平面对称分布,且次表层残余应力最大;数值模拟结果与试验具有一致性。 相似文献
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The surface of 40CrNiMo steel was quenched with a CO2 laser, Charpy impact test was conducted at temperatures of 20, 0, and ?20 °C, and the impact absorption energies were measured. The fracture morphologies were observed with SEM, and the influence of microhardness, residual stress, and retained austenite on mechanical behavior of impact fracture after laser quenching was discussed. The results show that the hardened layer depth is more than 1 mm after laser quenching, and hardness is about 480-500 HV. The fracture morphology of the sample is dimple rupture at a temperature of 20 °C; with the lower temperature the fracture dimples become smaller. At a temperature of ?20 °C, the fracture morphologies change from ductile to brittle, which is mainly cleavage fracture. The increase in surface hardness, production of compressive residual stress, and existence of retained austenite after laser quenching are the main mechanisms of increasing impact toughness. 相似文献
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用18Cr2Ni4WA钢,经渗碳、淬火和冷处理,以获得不同残留奥氏体含量的试样,进行了与T10钢金属盘对磨的边界润滑磨损试验研究.结果表明,磨损过程中确实存在摩擦诱发马氏体相变,且碳含量低的残留奥氏体较碳含量高的残留奥氏体更易发生诱发相变;摩擦诱发马氏体对提高材料的耐磨性是有利的,而残留奥氏体对耐磨性的影响却存在一个临界应力σc;当外加应力>σc时,残留奥氏体对提高材料的耐磨性有利;当外加应力<σc时,残留奥氏体对提高材料的耐磨性不利,并且当残留奥氏体和外加应力搭配适当时,耐磨性可达最高值. 相似文献
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JING Xiaotian LOU Bingzhe GU Chenqing SHEN Fusan Shanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Xi''''an China Dept.of Materials Shanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Xi''''an China 《金属学报(英文版)》1990,3(4):268-275
The morphology of the retained austenite in the carburized case of 20CrNiMo steel and itstransformation during fatigue crack propagation through the case were investigated by usingX-ray and TEM analysis.In the carburized case both film and block shaped retainedaustenite were found.Due to the crystallographic orientation relationship at the interface,thefatigue crack is inclined to pass through the block shaped retained austenite and thereby stim-ulates its strain-induced martensitie transformation.During the process of the fatigue frac-ture,most of the retained austenite structures on the crack path are transformed into themartensite,and the untranaformed parts on the fracture surface remain less than 6%.Thetransformation of the retained austenite,which is restrieted mainly within the plastic zone,oc-curs only during the proeess of fracture,and is independent of the magnitudes of the externalstress,stress ratio and cyclic number.The volume expansion accompanying the transforma-tion creates an additional residual displacement of about 0.44μm on fracture surfaces,whichis equivalent to the magnitude of the plasticity-induced residual displacement.The phasetransformation induced fatigue crack closure is believed to be an important factor affectingthe fatigue crack behaviors in the high carbon laver of the carburized case. 相似文献