MIMO雷达发射方向图匹配和波形优化方法

为了匹配MIMO雷达系统给定的发射方向图,采用半正定规划(SDP)来优化发射信号的协方差矩阵．基于该协方差矩阵,利用循环算法(CA)和极小极大法,通过优化波形相位设计出了具有低空域和时域副瓣的恒模发射信号．此外,又提出了用凸规划设计空域失配滤波器和时域失配滤波器的方法,进一步降低了空域和时域副瓣．     

Transmit beampattern synthesis and waveform design for 2-D wideband MIMO radar

For matching the desired transmit beampattern of the two dimensional(2-D) wideband MIMO radar system, a new transmit beampattern synthesis and waveform design algorithm is proposed based on the frquency invariant beamforming. In this algorithm, to eliminate any dependency on frequency of the emiting waveform, the 2-D fourier relationship between uniform rectangular array(URA) transmit beampattern and spectrum of emiting waveform is used. Then the cost function of waveform matching frequency response is established, which imposes a constraint on constant modulus. Finally, the alternating matrix fitting method is used to design unimodular sequences. The proposed method effectively mitigates frequency dispersion of the 2-D wideband MIMO radar transmit beampattern. Numerical simulations have proved the validity of this algorithm.     

一种空时联合优化的MIMO雷达波形设计方法

针对多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达波形设计中空域合成信号的时域特性较差的情况,提出了一种空时联合优化的MIMO雷达波形设计方法．该方法在波形设计中对波形的空域功率分布以及空域合成信号的自相关特性进行了联合考虑．基于空域信号的自相关旁瓣电平以及各阵元信号间的相关性,对集中式MIMO雷达的正交波形设计与具有特定方向图的波形设计建立了统一的优化模型,并采用序列二次规划方法与加权迭代方法求解．仿真结果表明,文中所设计的波形不仅能够很好地逼近期望方向图,而且空域合成信号具有较好的自相关特性．     

用混沌序列降低MIMO雷达波形自相关旁瓣和互相关

基于混沌序列的良好相关性和随机性,提出了一种使用混沌序列降低多输入多输出雷达波形自相关旁瓣和互相关的方法.通过不同初值迭代得到混沌序列,然后经过相应的量化和四相编码得到混沌波形.由于不同混沌波形的自相关旁瓣不相关,同时,不同混沌波形的互相关也不相关,因此通过多脉冲压缩积累能够有效地降低自相关旁瓣和互相关在多输入多输出雷达中的影响.输出结果具有较低的旁瓣峰值,从而提高了检测性能。     

采用OFDM-LFM的MIMO雷达高速目标波形设计

单基地多输入多输出雷达由于其宽发射波束的特性而能有效解决目标高速运动跨越发射波束带来的能量损失问题;但是现有波形对速度容忍性较差,高速目标回波匹配滤波能量损失较大．因此,有必要研究适用于高速目标背景下的多输入多输出雷达波形． 文中提出了一种基于正交频分复用线性调频信号的多输入多输出波形． 该波形不同发射通道分时复用一组不同频段的线性调频信号,从而得到带宽相同的可分离多路多输入多输出雷达波形． 仿真结果表明,文中设计的多输入多输出雷达波形能有效降低高速目标回波匹配滤波的能量损失,适用于高速目标背景．     

High resolution angle estimation of the bistatic MIMO radar

A new method is proposed in this paper for jointly estimating the azimuths DOD-DOA (Direction of Departure-Direction of Arrival) of the targets in the bi-static MIMO scene under the circumstance of the Gaussian white noise. A two-dimension redundant dictionary is firstly constructed based on the bi-static MIMO scene where the targets are present. Then, the positions (DOD-DOA) of the targets are sparsely denoted as a sparse vector by projecting the positions of targets on the redundant dictionary. On the sparse model, an algorithm is applied for solving for the positions of the targets by solving the problem of minimizing the reweighted l₁-norm of the sparse vector. For the algorithm to reconstruct the positions of the targets robustly under a low SNR, a modified weight is used in the algorithm.     

Optimal radar waveform design method in colored and non-Gaussian noise

This paper considers the design of optimal waveforms for detection of point targets in colored non-Gaussian noise. We present the likelihood ratio processor and derive an expression for its output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and then use this as the basis for a cost function in a waveform design optimization which is solved by using a one dimensional alternating maximization algorithm. Finally simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the new waveforms.     

双基地MIMO雷达波形解相关算法

The auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties of transmit waveforms have great effects on the performance of MIMO radar systems. However, it is difficult to design waveforms that have ideal auto-correlation properties as well as cross-correlation ones. In this paper, an MMSE based waveform de-correlation algorithm is proposed to cancel the effects of the auto-correlation and cross-correlation of transmit waveforms in the receiver. The received signal model of bistatic MIMO radars is first derived. Then, the de-correlation filters are derived by using the MMSE method to reduce the influences of colored noise enhancement. Finally, the polynomial expansion method is used to simplify the computational complexity of the proposed de-correlation filters. The performance of the proposed method is verified by applying it to bistatic MIMO radar multi-target localization. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

稳健的MIMO雷达发射波形和接收滤波器联合优化设计

针对杂波条件下目标反射信号方向不确定的情况,提出一种稳健的MIMO雷达发射波形和接收滤波器联合优化设计方法.在考虑各阵元发射功率相等的约束条件下,利用发射加权矩阵构造不确定集范围内关于输出信干噪比(SINR)的Maxmin优化模型;在此基础上,利用序列优化、半正定松弛和Charnes-Cooper转换,将非凸的联合优化问题转化为关于发射波形和接收滤波器的凸优化问题进行迭代求解;最后通过随机向量合成方法计算最终发射波形和接收滤波器,并对算法计算复杂度和收敛性给出分析和证明.所提方法在满足阵元发射功率一致的约束条件下,提高了算法稳健性并降低了计算复杂度.仿真实验证明了算法的有效性.     

MIMO radar waveform design in the presence of clutter and colored noise

The existing MIMO radar waveform design methods only deal with the optimization of radar waveform with the presence of clutter or colored noise, and unfortunately can not get the optimal waveform with the scenario when the clutter and colored noise coexist, which is more realistic in practical applications. To address this problem, a novel MIMO radar waveform design method based on mutual information in the presence of clutter and colored noise is proposed. The proposed scheme considers the influence of the target's response, clutter and colored noise on the optimization of the radar waveform. The mathematical expression for the transmit waveform matrix is achieved by theoretical derivation. What is more important, an optimal pairing of the eigenvectors of the target, clutter and colored noise is given and the power allocation for each antenna is optimized by the water-filling method. Simulation results show that when the total transmit power is 10dB, the proposed method's MI is 8bit and 4bit more than that of the general water-filling method and the method which only considers the pairing of the target's response and noise, respectively.     

MIMO雷达正交相位编码信号的代数设计方法

针对多输入多输出雷达正交相位编码波形设计中数值优化方法计算量和存储量较大、效率较低的问题,提出一种代数理论设计方法．首先利用逆归约相乘法求解产生序列族所需的多项式;然后构造以该多项式为特征多项式的线性迭代方程,并通过线性移位寄存器求解而获得序列族;最后将该序列族映射为信号码集从而完成波形设计．仿真结果表明,该方法设计的波形恒模,并且具有低的自相关峰值旁瓣电平和互相关峰值电平．与数值优化方法比较,码集序列数量大,波形产生速度快．     

Waveform Design for MIMO Radar with One-Bit DACs via Block-Sparse Semidefinite Relaxation

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems which deploy one-bit DACs are at-tractive in many fields, such as wireless communications and radar. In this paper, the problem of transmit waveform design in MIMO radar system with one-bit DACs is investigated. By appropri-ately designing the transmitted QPSK signal waveforms, the majority of radiated energy can be fo-cused into the mainlobe region(s) by minimizing the integrated sidelobe to mainlobe ratio (ISMR) of beampattern, such that the intensity of backscattered signals from targets can be enhanced. However, the resulting optimization problem which consists of constrained fractional quadratic problem (CFQP) is noconvex. To tackle this problem, a block-sparse semidefinite relaxation meth-od is first utilized to reformulate the CFQP into a reduced convex semidefinite programming (SDP). Further, a customized interior point algorithm (IPA) is developed to solve the small-scale SDP. Finally, the desirable one-bit transmit waveform sequence can be properly synthesized by us-ing Gaussian randomization method. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method offer better performance than the state-of-the-art algorithms.     

MIMO雷达空时编码和接收权联合稳健设计

针对基于多进多出雷达的空时自适应处理方法的检测性能对目标参数估计误差敏感从而导致系统检测概率稳健性较差的问题,提出一种改善多进多出空时自适应检测性能的发射波形和接收权联合稳健设计方法。首先推导了多进多出空时自适应输出信干噪比的数学表达,而后构建了目标空时频导向矢量估计误差模型。在此误差模型、波形恒模特性、旁瓣以及杂波抑制等约束下,基于最大化最差情况下输出信干噪比准则,提出了改善多进多出空时自适应检测性能的发射波形相关阵和接收权联合稳健优化问题。为求解所得复杂非线性优化问题,提出一种迭代方法,其中每一步都可转化为半定规划问题,因而可获得高效求解。仿真结果表明,与现存主要的稳健方法、非稳健方法及不相关波形相比,所提方法可显著改善多进多出空时自适应检测概率的稳健性能。     

Adaptive waveform design for target detection in the wideband radar system

The target detection performance of radar can be improved by transmitting a waveform which matches the high-resolution range profile (HRRP) of the target. However, a serious degradation of the autocorrelation property always occurs in the matched waveform, which has a bad effect on radar parameter estimation. To solve this problem, a generalized model of HRRP which consists of the deterministic term and random term is introduced under the consideration of variations in the target impulse response. Based on the study of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector and the objective functions for waveform design, an iterative algorithm with the criteria of maximizing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and minimizing the minimum mean square error (MMSE) is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the design method can make a tradeoff between the performances of estimation and detection, and sequentially improve the detection performance based on the on-line estimates of the HRRP.     

Joint adaptive waveform and baseline range design for bistatic radar

The problems of joint adaptive waveform design and baseline range design for bistatic radar to maximize the practical radar resolution were considered. Distinguishing from the conventional ambiguity function （AF）-based resolution which is only related with the transmitted waveform and bistatic geometry and could be regarded as the potential resolution of a bistatic radar system, the practical resolution involves the effect of waveform, signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） as well as the measurement model. Thus, it is more practical and will have further significant application in target detection and tracking. The constraint optimization procedure of joint adaptive waveform design and baseline range design for maximizing the practical resolution of bistatic radar system under dynamic target scenario was devised. Simulation results show that the range and velocity resolution are enhanced according to the adaptive waveform and bistatic radar configuration.     

Angle estimation for bistatic MIMO radar in impulsive noise environments

A fractional lower order moment unitary ESPRIT (FLOM-Unitary ESPRIT) for the joint direction of departure (DOD) and the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in bistatic multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar is proposed, which combates the problem of algorithms based on second-order statistics performance declining considerably in impulsive noise environments. Firstly, the fractional lower order moment matrix is constructed based on the basic definition of fractional lower order statistic. Moreover, according to the basic principle of the unitary ESPRIT algorithm, the angle estimation could be performed correctly and paired automatically. Compared with the unitary ESPRIT and ESPRIT algorithms, the proposed algorithm effectively suppresses impulsive noise and the angle estimation performance is improved. Several numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

低复杂度MIMO雷达波达方向的估计方法研究

为了降低MIMO雷达的运算复杂度,研究了基于对回波信号降维处理算法和基于子空间重构的信号子空间重构（SsR）算法的两类波达方向（DOA）估计方法．通过对5种算法的对比和仿真分析可知：RD—ESPRIT算法相比其他空间谱搜索算法,对降维矩阵的选择较敏感,更强调降维后阵列流型的旋转不变性;RD-求根算法、RD—MUSIC算法和RD—Capon算法则有更好的角度估计性能;RD-ESPRIT算法和RD-求根算法运算量相比其他三种算法低一到两个数量级;RD—ESPRIT算法运算复杂度最小．     

基于Cyclic-Music算法MIMO雷达的DOA估计

在具有循环平稳特性的信号环境中,传统DOA（Direction Of Arrival）估计算法精度很差,甚至失效。为此,将Cyclic-Music算法运用在MIMO（Moltiple Inpat and Multiple Output）雷达系统中,利用循环统计量理论计算接收信号间的循环相关函数,基于此构造循环互相关矩阵,并对其进行奇异值分解和谱峰搜索,从而得到信号的波达方向角。理论推导和仿真结果均表明,该方法可以有效估计具有循环平稳特性的人工信号波达方向,从有效性和精度两个方面改善了MIMO雷达的估计性能。