Imaging method for highly squinted SAR with spatially-variant doppler centroid correction

In the high squint SAR imaging, the linear range walk correction (LRWC) is usually adopted to mitigate the coupling between range and azimuth. The conventional algorithms only consider the effects of Doppler frequency modulation rate dependence but ignore the spatially-variant Doppler centroid; this will affect the final focusing. In this paper, the effects of spatially-variant Doppler centroid in high-squint synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are analyzed and discussed, and a modified nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm with spatially-variant Doppler centroid correction in high squint SAR azimuth processing is proposed in order to improve the quality of the final focusing. Both simulation and real data processing validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

New method for azimuth-dependent correction of highly squint missile-borne SAR subaperture imaging

Squinted imaging is one of the most important modes in the missile-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Usually, from the view of practical applications, the missile-borne SAR adopts subaperture processing in order to implement quick look imaging. In the highly squint mode, the echo signal couples greatly between range and azimuth, so traditional algorithms perform the linear range walk correction in the azimuth time domain firstly to mitigate greatly the range-azimuth coupling, which causes the problem of position dependent azimuth phase, resulting in the azimuth uniform processing disabled and impacting the azimuth depth of focus (DOF). Based on the deep analysis of the instantaneous slant range model in the highly squint missile-borne SAR, this paper proposes high-order phase filtering to correct azimuth-dependence for implementing the identical azimuth-focusing processing. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

一种新的斜视波束指向SAR信号处理方法

针对斜视波束指向合成孔径雷达(BS-SAR)信号时,存在距离向与方位向的强耦合性及方位频谱的模糊问题,提出了一种基于方位重采样的信号频谱处理方法．线性距离走动校正后对信号频谱进行方位向重新采样,将其完全等效为正侧视合成孔径雷达信号的频谱．针对斜视BS-SAR,将方位重采样与谱分析技术相结合,得到无模糊及方位空变的二维频谱;再采用传统的正侧视BS-SAR算法,实现对场景的聚焦．仿真实验表明,文中方法可以有效应用于斜视BS-SAR的数据处理中．     

一种时域去走动的四阶模型SAR成像方法

针对大斜视SAR回波耦合性强问题,从提高斜距模型近似精度和距离徙动校正精度两方面对SAR成像进行了研究,推导了一种四阶SAR成像算法模型。首先为了提高模型近似度,将斜距展开到四次项,然后为了将距离向和方位向进行初步解耦,在时域进行走动补偿,通过级数反演法将信号转到二维频域进行距离弯曲校正,方位匹配滤波后得到聚焦后的SAR图像。该方法流程简单,便于实时处理。仿真结果表明,该方法具有较强斜视处理能力,取得了较高的成像分辨率。     

结合隐函数导数方法的平行等速双基SAR成像

由于双基合成孔径雷达回波信号中,其斜距历程为两个根号和,故信号在二维频率域或者距离多普勒域的表达式无法通过驻定相位点原理解析得到.针对这个问题,将此驻定相位点表示为方位频率的泰勒级数,并且称该方法为隐函数导数法.通过代数计算,可以得到平行等速双基合成孔径雷达构型下的二维频谱.应用该方法,可以将斜距历程中的双根号变成单根号,这对后续的成像算法是有帮助的.然后,基于这个频谱,改进的距离多普勒算法被用于处理平行等速双基合成孔径雷达数据,同时得到相应的成像处理结果.仿真实验和实测数据处理验证了该处理方法的有效性.     

一种新的大斜视TOPS SAR全孔径成像方法

针对大斜视模式导致回波信号距离向和方位向耦合严重,循序扫描地形观测模式波束指向的变化导致全孔径回波信号的方位带宽大于系统脉冲重复频率,引起方位谱模糊的问题,提出了一种基于修正距离徙动算法和方位谱分析的全孔径成像算法.对于全孔径数据,首先通过方位预处理获取信号无模糊的二维频谱,然后采用修正距离徙动算法进行距离徙动校正,最后通过谱分析技术和方位去斜技术将信号聚焦在方位频域.仿真实验和实测数据结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

一种基于最大全变差准则的SAR图像自聚焦算法

研究了一种基于信号全变差的合成孔径雷达图像自聚焦算法．该方法从复图像域出发,通过在距离压缩相位历史域引入相位误差模型,改变图像的聚焦程度直至一维像的全变差达到最大,从而完成误差校正．同最小熵法相比,该自聚焦算法计算量较少,更易实现．     

基于分维处理的单通道阵列频率与角度联合估计

针对现有无源单通道阵列频率与角度联合估计算法的信号采样时间较长以及运算复杂度较高等问题,提出了分维处理的频率与角度联合估计算法.其信号采样数据由时域采样数据与空域采样数据构成,前者来自于对参考阵元的多次采样,后者来自各阵元.仅对时域采样数据进行处理即可得到各信源的频率估计值;然后基于空域采样数据以各频率估计值为搜索频率,估计出各频率对应的空间谱,再利用频率误差与角度误差的关系以及方向矢量与噪声子空间的正交性从各空间谱中提取出与各频率估计值对应的角度估计值.与已有算法相比,该算法采样时间较短,复杂度较低,且直接对采样信号进行处理,避免了信号失真.理论推导与仿真分析证明了该算法的有效性.     

Application of Modified SPECAN Algorithm in Parasitical BiSAR

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) can be employed as a transmitter to composite bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR). As GNSS signal is quite different from the traditional radar signal, modified spectral analysis (SPECAN) algorithm is proposed and applied in the BiSAR system. The modifications include Doppler centroid compensation, range curve correction and azimuth processing method. The modified SPECAN algorithm solves the imaging problem under the condition of huge range migration, long synthetic aperture time and phase-coded signal. The proposed algorithm is verified by experiment results.     

Deramp based frequency scaling algorithm suitable for tandem bistatic SAR in the spotlight mode

Using an analytical bistatic spectrum and the spectrum analysis (SPECAN) method, an algorithm that is suitable for constant-offset spotlight bistatic SAR is presented. Firstly, the deramp function for bistatic SAR is deduced by analog of the monostatic case, which accomplishes the coarse focusing in the azimuth direction and solves the azimuth spectral folding problem effectively. Then an analytical bistatic spectrum based frequency scaling algorithm is applied to achieve the range cell migration correction, which is implemented through phase multiplication instead of interpolation. Data obtained with the large baseline can be processed accurately. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified with simulation experiments.     

Distance domain data support region fusion approach for modified Omega-K algorithm

It is hard for the conventional Omega-K algorithm to implement the coherent addition of the sub-aperture image to realize the full-aperture resolution. A distance domain data support region (DSR) fusion approach based on the modified Omega-K algorithm is proposed in this paper. By the implementation of the modified sub-aperture wavenumber domain algorithm, the range-azimuth coupling is solved. At the same time, the burden of the zeros padding processing introduced by the short distance DSR of the sub-aperture data is greatly mitigated. Then the coherence processing and distance domain data support region fusion are performed. By adding the sub-aperture data coherently, the full-aperture resolution in azimuth is realized.     

直升机载雷达频域成像算法

直升机载雷达具有全视域成像、重访周期短等优点,能有效保障直升机等旋翼飞行器的低空飞行安全.针对现有的成像算法存在方位向失配问题,提出了直升机载雷达频域成像算法,通过对直升机载雷达回波进行频域特性分析,从而获取二维精确频谱,并构建频域校正函数和匹配函数,实现回波数据的匹配成像.仿真实验验证了文中算法的有效性.     

Novel detection algorithm for high-speed maneuvering multi-target with narrowband radar

A novel detection method for the high-speed maneuvering multi-target with a constant acceleration is proposed. Firstly, velocity searching and Second-order Keystone Transform (SKT) are jointly applied to correct the range migration (RM). After the RM correction, the azimuth echoes can be considered as a Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signal. Secondly, Lv's Transform (LVT) is performed on the azimuth echoes, target energy will be accumulated into a sole peak in the Centroid Frequency (CF)-Chirp Rate (CR) domain, and an estimated acceleration can be obtained in terms of the peak's location in the CR-axis. Finally, according to the estimated acceleration, a compensation function is constructed to compensate the Doppler Frequency Migration (DFM), after that, the FFT is applied to accomplish coherent integration, and then target detection is carried out, meanwhile, the target's radial velocity can be estimated. Compared with the Radon-Fractional Fourier Transform (RFRFT), the proposed algorithm possesses the advantages of lower computational complexity and better anti-noise performance. The results of simulation and real data demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

Cancellation for frequency offset in OFDM system based on TF-LMS algorithm

In an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, a time and frequency domain least mean square algorithm (TF-LMS) was proposed to cancel the frequency offset (FO). TF-LMS algorithm is composed of two stages. Firstly, time domain least mean square (TD-LMS) scheme was selected to pre-cancel the frequency offset in the time domain, and then the interference induced by residual frequency offset was eliminated by the frequency domain mean square (FD-LMS) scheme in frequency domain. The results of bit error rate (BER) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) constellation figures show that the performance of the proposed suppression algorithm is excellent.     

A novel frequency synchronization scheme for OFDM systems

A novel frequency synchronization scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems is proposed, including a novel frequency offset estimation algorithm and a novel frequency offset compensation algorithm. The frequency offset estimation includes both the fractional frequency offset （FFO） estimation and the integral frequency offset （IFO） estimation. Firstly, the FFO was obtained by the conventional ML algorithm in time domain. After the FFO was compensated in time domain, the IFO was obtained by the pro- posed algorithm based on the energy of virtual carriers. This algorithm needs only simple calculations and has a large frequency offset estimation range. Furthermore, it is insensitive to symbol synchronization errors and channel changing. Finally, the IFO was compensated based on the carrier - positions offset, which can be completed through carrier-positions cyclic shifts in frequency domain. This proposed frequency synchronization scheme can decrease the system redundancy without any need of assistant data, and can be applied to the fast synchroniza- tion with the only need of one OFDM symbol. The analyses and simulations show the improved performance of the proposed frequency synchronization scheme.     

一种新的频域带宽合成的斜视高分辨SAR成像方法

针对步进频信号带宽合成存在相位跃变的问题,提出一种新的频域带宽合成方法.由于雷达与目标相对运动是导致合成频谱相位跃变的主要原因,因此,该方法根据雷达与目标相对运动的斜距形式对各个子脉冲引入的相位误差进行补偿.文中采用了改进的步进频数据处理方法,首先对子频带进行脉冲压缩,然后进行带宽合成、二次距离压缩及徙动校正,从而避免了子频带进行徙动校正后对带宽合成的影响.在完成带宽合成后,采用调频变标(Chirp Scaling,CS)算法得到了斜视二维高分辨合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像.为了证明该方法的有效性,给出了仿真及实测数据的处理结果.由理论仿真与实测数据的对比分析可知,该方法有效地实现了窄带步进频信号合成宽带信号.     

调频连续波(FMCW)聚束式SAR成像研究

针对调频连续波SAR与脉冲式SAR工作体制的不同,从而带来不同的回波表现形式,对基于调频连续波的聚束式SAR回波信号进行建模,分析信号的特征,揭示平台的连续运动在距离向产生一个多普勒频移的特性,从而影响方位聚焦．对于方位频谱混叠的问题,采用方位预滤波处理,通过插值实现采样率的提高,由于预滤波可以实现方位的块压缩,实际中的方位向点数并没有明显增加,最后基于FS算法完成残余聚焦,仿真数据处理结果验证了分析的正确性和算法的有效性．另外,对于平台连续运动引入的多普勒频移,分析了其对成像造成的影响,并给出了相应的补偿方法．     

Weighted eigenvector method for sparse-aperture ISAR phase error correction

The traditional eigenvector method for autofocus can not obtain ideal results in low-SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) cases, because the contribution of the signal in different range bins to the final signal differs greatly. Thus, a weighted eigenvector method for ISAR(inverse synthetic aperture radar) phase error correction is proposed by adding different weights to each range bin according to its SNR. The method can not only deal with normal ISAR signals, but also can handle evenly under-sampled or block sparse, even unevenly sparse data. Finally, actual data processing results confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

A Time-Frequency Associated MUSIC Algorithm Research on Human Target Detection by Through-Wall Radar

In this paper, a time-frequency associated multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm which is suitable for through-wall detection is proposed. The technology of detecting human targets by through-wall radar can be used to monitor the status and the location information of human targets behind the wall. However, the detection is out of order when classical MUSIC algorithm is applied to estimate the direction of arrival. In order to solve the problem, a time-frequency associated MUSIC algorithm suitable for through-wall detection and based on S-band stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) radar is researched. By associating inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) algorithm with MUSIC algorithm, the power enhancement of the target signal is completed according to the distance calculation results in the time domain. Then convert the signal to the frequency domain for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. The simulations of two-dimensional human target detection in free space and the processing of measured data are completed. By comparing the processing results of the two algorithms on the measured data, accuracy of DOA estimation of proposed algorithm is more than 75%, which is 50% higher than classical MUSIC algorithm. It is verified that the distance and angle of human target can be effectively detected via proposed algorithm.     

采用Vernier阵技术的SAS图像重建

在采用Vernier阵技术时，为了避免由于等效相位中心(DPC)近似而引起的合成孔径声纳(SAS)图像模糊，提出一种新的数据处理方法，该方法根据收发分置成像的几何特性，采用修正的距离一多普勒算法对单个接收元信号独立进行合成孔径处理，并将独立处理产生的所有图像相干叠加，得到SAS系统的高分辨图像。对DPC近似处理、单个接收元合成孔径处理以及相干叠加处理的计算机仿真结果进行了比较，结果验证了该处理方法的可行性和有效性，并且进一步验证了Vernier阵技术的高分辨特性。