涤纶短丝装置卷绕绕辊原因分析

介绍了涤纶短纤维纺丝生产工艺流程,从原料、设备、工艺、操作等方面分析了涤纶短纤维生产过程中卷绕绕辊的影响因素,并提出了解决措施。结果表明:聚酯熔体的特性黏数和端羧基含量、纺丝组件的组装质量、上油棒的上机质量、丝道的运行状态、纺丝温度、侧吹风条件及上油效果是导致卷绕绕辊的主要因素;减少聚酯熔体的质量波动,加强纺丝组件和上油棒的质量管理,优化纺丝工艺条件,减少环境因素的影响,可有效地减少卷绕绕辊。     

中高收缩涤纶短纤维纺丝工艺探讨

探讨了影响涤纶短纤维收缩率的工艺条件。通过对原丝线密度、纺丝速度、拉伸温度、拉伸倍率、紧张热定型及松弛热定型等工艺条件的优化和控制,采用常规聚酯切片成功开发出收缩率在20%以上的涤纶短纤维。     

切片纺超高强涤纶短纤维生产工艺探讨

采用切片纺丝路线,探讨采用不同特性黏数([η])的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)切片制备超高强涤纶短纤维的可行性;并选用[η]较高的PET切片在切片纺工业化涤纶短纤维装置上通过纺丝温度、拉伸倍数、拉伸温度和热定型温度等工艺参数的调整优化,试生产超高强涤纶短纤维。结果表明:采用[η]较高的PET切片,选择合适的纺丝和后加工条件可以生产超高强涤纶短纤维;选择[η]为0.731 dL/g的PET切片为原料,在7500 t/a切片纺涤纶短纤维装置常规生产工艺基础上,调整纺丝螺杆温度为290~295℃、箱体温度为296~300℃,初生纤维断面不匀率小于等于1.21%,纺丝状况良好;调整水浴拉伸温度为70℃、总拉伸倍数为3.878、热定型温度为185℃,试生产的涤纶短纤维结晶度和非晶区取向有所增大,断裂强度达7.02 cN/dtex,达到了超高强纤维的要求。     

高收缩涤纶短纤维生产工艺探讨

采用非结晶聚酯切片制备高收缩涤纶短纤维 ,对切片干燥、纺丝、拉伸、定型等工艺进行了研究。研究表明 :利用现有设备 ,适当降低纺丝温度和预拉伸倍数 ,并采用低温拉伸和不定型工艺 ,可以生产高收缩涤纶短纤维。     

再生聚酯回收料生产蓝色涤纶短纤维的生产工艺

以6.67 dtex×51 mm蓝色涤纶短纤维为例,探讨了采用再生聚酯回收料和原生聚酯料在纺丝生产工艺上的不同。使用再生聚酯回收料生产时,选择降低干燥温度、纺丝温度、纺丝速度、环吹风速、拉伸倍数以及后拉伸浴槽温度的优化工艺,可生产出性能优良的6.67 dtex×51 mm蓝色涤纶短纤维。     

阳离子染料可染涤纶短纤维的试制

探讨了采用常规PET短纤维生产工艺路线生产阳离子染料可染有光涤纶短纤维的生产工艺条件,结果表明:干燥工艺、纺丝温度、冷却成形条件、后拉伸倍数和拉伸温度等因素直接影响阳离子染料可染涤纶短纤维的质量。     

1.5dtex中空多微孔涤纶短纤维纺丝技术的探讨

介绍了1.5 dtex中空多微孔涤纶短纤维的生产设备,主要纺丝工艺,并对原料中的改性组分对共聚酯性能的影响,纺丝组件、切片干燥、纺丝温度、冷却成形条件、后拉伸工艺,定型工艺等进行了讨论。指出,选择纺丝温度288℃,拉伸温度60℃,拉伸倍率3.2,定型温度130～140℃,成品纤维品质指标较好。     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯短纤维生产工艺研究

利用现有涤纶短纤维生产设备,使用壳牌化学公司聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)切片原料成功纺制了1.67dtex×38mm短纤维,纤维强度3.0cN/dtex,伸长73.1%。纺丝工艺条件是:纺丝温度为258~268℃,纺速1100m/min,拉伸油浴50℃,拉伸总倍数2.25~3.20,干燥条件则与涤纶相同。     

再生聚酯切片生产缝纫线用涤纶短纤维的工艺研究

以物理法再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)切片为原料,通过纺丝-拉伸法制备涤纶拉伸丝,从切片的外观特点、过滤性能、特性黏数及流变性能,以及拉伸丝的性能考察原料的可纺性及相应的纺丝、拉伸工艺要求;在此基础上以再生PET切片为原料,在现有常规涤纶短纤维间接纺生产线上生产缝纫线用再生涤纶短纤维,探讨了其生产工艺条件。结果表明：粒子形状规整、过滤性能较好、特性黏数较高的再生PET切片具有良好的可纺性,纺丝过程中需根据切片的特性黏数调整纺丝温度,拉伸过程中需适当提高拉伸温度;采用特性黏数为0.737 dL/g的再生PET切片为原料生产1.33 dtex×38 mm缝纫线用再生涤纶短纤维,与以原生PET切片为原料相比,螺杆熔融温度提高8℃,箱体温度提高5℃,拉伸温度和定型温度分别提高3～5℃;通过生产调控,生产稳定性好,生产的短纤维断裂强度达到6.1 cN/dtex,其他质量指标达到原生涤纶短纤维优等品要求。     

阳离子染料可染涤纶全拉伸丝工艺

介绍了在国产设备与进口设备嫁接的生产线上用纺丝拉伸一步法生产阳离子染料可染涤纶全拉伸丝的生产过程。通过调整和优化生产工艺 ,摸索出独特的干燥工艺条件 ;纺丝温度 ;改进熔体过滤材料 ;增设预网络装置 ;调整拉伸卷绕速度、温度等一整套生产 111dtex/4 8f阳离子染料可染涤纶全拉伸丝的生产工艺。     

Identification of fiber misalignment in continuous fiber composites

Misaligned fibers are invariably present in nominally unidirectional high‐performance composites. Such misaligned fibers are known to affect key mechanical properties of the composite, such as the longitudinal compressive strength, longitudinal tensile modulus, fatigue endurance, shear strength, and delamination resistance (1). In this paper we present a method for the automated detection of large angle fiber misalignment (θ > 40°) in continuous fiber‐reinforced composite materials. The method relies on the application of a series of geometrical criteria based upon measurements routinely obtained during optical scanning of polished sample cross‐sections. As such, the technique is ideal for the automated identification of highly misaligned fibers in large‐area (∼ cm²) specimens that may contain several millions of individual fiber images. The criteria applied take into account the fact that prepared cross‐sections of such materials contain many damaged fibers as a result of attrition during polishing. Data obtained from three pultruded unidirectional rods reinforced with continuous carbon filaments are used to illustrate the effectiveness of this method in identifying regions where large angle misalignment occurs.     

Direct fiber formation and fiber properties of aromatic polyoxadiazoles

A novel and simple fiber formation process has been developed to fabricate aromatic polyoxadiazoles. The aromatic copolyoxadiazole solution prepared from terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and hydrazine sulfate in fuming sulfuric acid was utilized directly as spinning solution and was successfully wet-spun to form fiber into a coagulating bath containing sulfuric acid. In the wet-spinning process, selection of the coagulating bath was the most important factor, and the best results were obtained by the use of approximately 50 wt-% aqueous sulfuric acid. It was easy to prepare a polyoxadiazole fiber having a tenacity of more than 4 g/den. and an elongation of more than 10%. In addition, the fiber properties reached to a tenacity of 6 g/den. and an elongation of 12% under optimum spinning conditions. The wet-spun polyoxadiazole fiber showed an almost round cross section and a clear skin-core structure by microscopic observation. The fiber had a high level of thermal and dimensional stability and a high proportion of property retention at elevated temperatures, as well as all-round general fiber properties.     

锦纶纤维特性及纤维骨架材料的发展

一、锦纶骨架材料世界应用概况 锦纶66的合成及纺丝技术于1935～1937年由美国杜邦公司的Carothers发明，并于1938年实现了中试规模，第二次世界大战期间美国开始使用锦纶66帘布制造军用飞机轮胎，1947年后用于载重胎，到50年代后期，美国的载重胎用骨架材料几乎完全由锦纶66取代了人造丝。德国于1941年实现锦纶66工业化生产。日本1958年发明用锦纶6做轮胎骨架材料制造轮胎。     

Interpretation of fiber fragmentation in carbon/epoxy single fiber composites: Possible fiber pre-tension effects

The fiber straightening pre-tension applied during the sample preparation of single fiber composites is suggested here to significantly affect the number of fragments as well as the value of the Kelly-Tyson interface shear strength obtained from single filament composite tests. This implies that fragmentation tests performed under seemingly identical conditions, but in which the fiber pre-tension is not accurately controlled during sample preparation, might yield widely differing experimental results. We present and discuss a new set of experimental results dealing with fiber pre-tension effects in carbon/epoxy single fiber composites.     

The viscosity of fiber suspensions at low fiber volume fractions

The viscosities of suspensions of glass fibers in an aqueous solution of sucrose have been studied by use of a capillary viscometer. In the aligned condition in the capillary, the viscosity depends little on shear rate within the range studied or on fiber length, but increases with increasing volume fraction of the fibers. The entrance effect was found to depend strongly on fiber volume fraction and fiber length: this indicates that the suspensions are relatively resistant to flow during the initial stages while alignment takes place.     

Effect of polypropylene fiber processing conditions on fiber mechanical behavior

An investigation into the mechanical behavior of melt‐spun isotactic polypropylene (iPP) fibers is reported. Two different iPP formulations, PH835 and Exxon3854, synthesized using Ziegler–Natta and metallocene catalysts, respectively, and spun at take‐up velocities ranging from 1000 to 3000 m min^?1 were subjected to uniaxial tensile loading, cyclic loading and creep tests. The strain rate sensitivity was determined by performing strain rate jumps. Injection molded specimens from the same iPP formulations were tested under the same conditions. The fiber birefringence increases slightly with increasing take‐up velocity, while the crystallinity is approximately insensitive to this process parameter in this range of velocities. Fibers from the two iPP samples behave differently at large plastic strains despite having the same birefringence and crystallinity. Differences are also seen in creep. The behavior of fibers is significantly different from that of the injection molded samples of the same iPP and same crystallinity. These have lower strain hardening rate, smaller failure strains, close to zero strain rate sensitivity and exhibit a yield point phenomenon. The difference is associated with the different nature and spatial organization of the crystals and inter‐crystalline amorphous and mesomorphic phases. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

P84纤维和普抗纤维性能介绍及应用

1前言 随着国家对大气治理力度的加大,对排放浓度要求越来越严,其它一些除尘器已不能满足新标准的要求,唯有袋式除尘器能实现这一点.滤袋作为袋式除尘器的关键部件,其性能直接影响着排放浓度和使用寿命,滤袋器的发展,远远跟不上滤袋本身的发展,新的滤材不断出现,下面仅对两种性能较突出的P4纤维和普抗纤维的性能及应用进行初步探讨.     

Measurement of fiber and matrix orientations in fiber reinforced composites

Short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene was employed in a study to determine the effect of molding and mold design variables on the distrubution of fibers and their orientations, and consequently, on the distributions of mechanical properties in the molded article. In this paper, a variety of experimental techniques were employed to evaluate the distributions of fibers and their orientations. Moreover, techniques were developed to evaluate the orientation and crystallization of the matrix. The results yield significant information regarding the development and control of both the microstructure and the properties of short fiber reinforced composites.     

工程用聚丙烯腈纤维为基体的羧酸纤维的制备

采用断裂强度为12.26 cN/dtex、玻璃化转变温度高于250℃ 的工程用聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN-EF)为基体纤维,通过二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和氢氧化钠(NaOH)混合水解制备羧基含量(MCOOH)高且力学性能好的PAN-EF基羧酸纤维(PAN-EF-COOH),探讨了DMSO浓度、反应温度和反应时间对纤维水解效果的...     

Pineapple leaf fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: Effects of fiber length and fiber content on their characteristics

Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) was used as a reinforcement in polyolefins. Polypropylene (PP) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites with different fiber lengths (long and short fibers) and fiber contents (0–25%) were prepared and characterized. The results showed that the tensile strength of the composites increased when the PALF contents were increased. It was observed that the composites containing long fiber PALF were stronger than the short fiber composites as determined by greater tensile strength. An SEM study on the tensile fractured surface confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of the long fibers in the polymer matrixes better than dispersion of the short fibers. The unidirectional arrangement of the long fibers provided good interfacial bonding between the PALF and polymer which was a crucial factor in achieving high strength composites. Reduction in crystallinity of the composites, as evident from XRD and DSC studies suggested that the reinforcing effect of PALF played an important role in enhancing their mechanical strength. From the rule of mixtures, the stress efficiency factors of the composite strength could be calculated. The stress efficiency factors of LDPE were greater than those of PP. This would possibly explain why the high modulus fiber (PALF) had better load transfers to the ductile matrix of LDPE than the brittle matrix of PP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011