分流组合模挤压的有限元模拟与模具设计评价

为探讨分流组合模挤压成形规律,选择分流孔内斜度、外斜度、焊合室高度和工作带长度为变量设计了9副模具,提出了模具设计的无量纲单指标评价因子和综合评价函数,用DEFORM_3D软件实现了分流组合模挤压铝管材的有限元模拟,获得了挤压材料焊合面上的静水压应力场、等效应变场和模具峰值应力,进而对模具设计评价指标进行了极差分析,得到了最优模具设计,模拟分析结果与试验数据吻合良好。研究表明:分流组合模焊合室高度H与工作带长度L的比值对综合评价函数影响很大,应作为设计变量。     

AZ91镁合金管材分流模挤压工艺正交优化

基于正交试验优化设计,以提高模具出口处坯料变形均匀性为目标,通过DEFORM-3D有限元平台,对AZ91镁合金管材分流模挤压工艺过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,影响AZ91镁合金管材变形均匀性的因素主次顺序为:焊合室深度工作带长度挤压速度挤压温度,最佳的因素水平组合为挤压温度460、挤压速度5mm/s、工作带长度3mm、焊合室深度15mm。     

H13热作模具钢失效分析及工艺改进

结合实际生产针对H13热作模具钢分流桥根部过早出现开裂的现象进行研究,利用DeForm-3D有限元模拟软件对分流组合模的挤出过程进行数值模拟,研究了模具不同工作带长度对模具的应力场、金属流动均匀性的影响规律。研究发现,当工作带长度为6 mm、焊合室深度为12 mm时,分流桥根部等效应力最小且应力分布较均匀,坯料在下模工作带出口处的流速也较均匀。研究成果为铝型材热挤出成型用H13钢的模具合理设计提供了有效的理论参数。     

焊合室深度及焊合角对方形管分流模挤压成形质量的影响

基于Deform-3D有限元分析平台,采用所开发的焊合过程网格重构技术,分析方形管分流模双孔挤压时焊合室深度及焊合角对成形质量的影响。结果表明:焊合面平均静水压力、分流桥底部等效应力及模芯最大偏移量随焊合室深度的增加而增加;综合考虑焊合质量、模具应力集中及型材尺寸精度等因素,分流模合适的焊合室深度为10～16mm;随着焊合角的增加,焊合室内死区体积及挤压力均增大,而模芯最大变形偏移量呈减小趋势;综合考虑焊合角对挤压过程死区大小、模芯的稳定性及挤压力大小的影响,分流模合适的焊合角为30?～45?。实验结果和模拟结果在金属流动景象、死区位置、死区形状等方面吻合较好。     

6061铝合金异形管材分流挤压模拟研究与优化

基于刚粘塑性有限元理论,采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件,对6061铝合金异形管材分流挤压工艺过程进行了数值模拟,揭示了挤压力的变化规律和坯料金属温度的分布规律.通过虚拟正交试验,获得了影响挤压力峰值的因素主次顺序为:工作带长度L＞焊合角θ＞焊合室深度h.以降低挤压力峰值为优化目标,获得了该规格6061铝合金异型管材分流挤压工艺最优水平组合为焊合室深度h=20mm,焊合角θ=35°,工作带长度L=5mm.     

基于有限元的模具结构对AZ91镁合金管转角分流挤压焊合压力的影响北大核心CSCD

将转角挤压剪切变形原理和镁合金管材分流挤压相结合,设计了镁合金管转角焊合室分流挤压模具。新模具在保证挤压舌针刚度的前提下增加了焊合室的有效高度和焊合时间,从而有利于提高焊缝的焊合性能。基于DEFORM有限元平台建立了AZ91镁合金管转角焊合室分流挤压有限元模型,并进行了可靠性验证。然后,基于该有限元模型研究了转角角度、分流桥结构和凹模结构尺寸对焊合室内平均压应力的影响规律。结果表明:随着分流模转角β和凹模结构尺寸a的增大,焊合室内的平均压应力逐渐增加;对于雨滴形分流桥结构,随着分流桥锥度γ的增大,焊合室内的平均压应力有所增大,但是增幅不明显。     

多孔模焊合室结构对型材挤压成形过程的影响

以矩形型材为例,采用有限元软件HyperXtrude对不同焊合室结构的多孔挤压模在稳定挤压过程中的速度场、温度场和应力场进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明,增加焊合室级数可以有效地改善金属流动均匀性、提高型材焊缝质量、降低下模应力和变形量。为了进一步研究焊合室高度对金属流动均匀性的影响,当下模带有三级焊合结构时,通过分别改变各级焊合深度发现:各级深度相同时金属流动最为均匀,前进型模具次之,后退型模具最差。     

空心铝型材挤压过程计算机仿真系统

试开发了一套基于计算机辅助设计和数值模拟的空心铝型材挤压过程计算机仿真系统,它涵盖了模具工艺设计的全过程,可以集成原有的和新建立的工艺设计知识。该系统包括空心型材挤压模具及坯料的参数化几何造型模块,并能分析分流桥的截面形状、分流孔的布置、焊合室的高度、工作带长度和阻流或者助流结构对金属流速分布的影响,模具的弹性变形对工作带有效长度和模孔尺寸的影响。     

多边形铝型材挤压数值模拟与模具优化设计

以多边形铝型材为研究对象,采用HyperXtrude有限元对其进行挤压成型过程的数值模拟分析。结果表明,初始模具结构中材料流速不均匀,型材变形与模具应力均较大。通过改变焊合室的级数和调整工作带长度等措施,有效解决了挤压过程中材料分布不均匀的问题,同时降低了模具应力,提高了模具寿命。     

焊合角和焊合室深度对复杂悬臂空心铝型材挤压成形质量的影响

应用Hyper Xtrude有限元分析软件,考察了带长悬臂结构空心截面铝型材挤压时的焊合角α和焊合室深度h对其挤压成形质量的影响。结果表明:当α在15°~45°时,型材悬臂处及空心部位四周分流桥下金属的流动速率较大,开始焊合的时间早,焊合历程长;当α增加到60°时,相应区域金属的流动速率明显降低,焊合推迟;在α达到90°时,该情况最为严重,焊合历程变短。α为45°时,模芯最大偏移量达到最小值0.045 mm。随着h的增加,焊合面静水压力最小值与上模最大等效应力及模芯最大偏移量均逐渐增大。综合考虑各因素的影响,确定该型材挤压模具的最佳焊合角和焊合室深度分别为45°与20 mm,并将其用于挤压模具设计,试模发现模拟结果与试模结果吻合较好,挤出型材的综合质量较高。     

基于数值模拟的挤压参数对AZ91镁合金管转角焊合室分流挤压焊合压力的影响规律研究

提出了一种镁合金管材转角焊合室分流挤压新工艺,该工艺可在有效延长焊合室长度和焊合时间前提下保证舌针刚度,从而保证管材尺寸精度,并且可通过转角剪切变形机制增加预焊合金属变形量和动态再结晶程度,从而有利于提高管材性能和焊缝焊合性能。利用有限元法揭示了转角焊合室分流挤压成形过程中金属的流动特征,应变分布特征和焊合室内的静水压力分布特征。结果表明,整个挤压过程无金属折叠,从而保证管材的表面质量;流经转角后预焊合金属变形量明显增加,有利于提高管材质量和焊缝质量。最后,研究揭示了坯料初始温度,挤压速度和模具转角对焊合室内静水压力的影响规律。结果表明,随着挤压速度的增加和模具转角的增大,转角焊合室内静水压力增大;随着坯料预热温度的增加,转角焊合室内静水压力呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

Prediction of welding pressure in the non-steady state porthole die extrusion of Al7003 tubes

This paper describes a numerical analysis of non-steady state porthole die extrusion, which is useful for manufacturing long tubes with a hollow section. Materials divided through several portholes are gathered within a chamber and are then welded under high pressure. This weldability classifies the quality of tube products and is affected by process variables and die shapes. However, porthole die extrusion has been executed based on the experience of experts, due to the complicated die assembly and the complexity of metal flow. To better assist the design of die and to obtain improvement of productivity, non-steady 3D FE simulation for porthole die extrusion is required. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the behavior of metal flow and to determine the welding pressure of hot extrusion products according to various billet temperatures, bearing length, and tube thickness by FE analysis. The results of FE analysis are compared with those of experiments.     

FE analysis of metal flow and weld seam formation in a porthole die during the extrusion of a magnesium alloy into a square tube and the effect of ram speed on weld strength

The present communication concerns a detailed analysis of metal flow into a porthole extrusion die to produce a thin-walled square magnesium tube by means of three-dimensional FE simulation in both the transient state and steady state. The research was aimed to get an insight into the longitudinal weld seam formation during extrusion through porthole dies and to evaluate the factors determining the quality of the weld seams. FE simulation revealed distinctive stages at the beginning of an extrusion cycle, corresponding to the changes in extrusion pressure during the process. It showed that the commonly observed defect at the extrudate head was due to entrapped air under the bridges in the upper part of the welding chamber. The dead metal zones existed at the corners between the container and die face and between the bottom and sidewall of the welding chamber. Because of the friction at the die bearing, the metal flow through the die bearing resembled laminar flow. Only the virgin metal from the interior of the billet flowed along the bridges and formed the welding seams. As ram speed increased, the mean stresses and temperatures on the welding plane in the welding chamber increased, which was reflected in the increases in extrusion pressure and extrudate temperature, being beneficial to the solid-state bonding at the weld seams. Tensile tests confirmed that extrusion at a higher ram speed led to enhanced transverse tensile strength and strain of the extruded square tube, as a result of improved bonding at the longitudinal weld seams.     

蝶形模具挤压过程的数值模拟

在Simufact9.0软件平台上,采用基于Euler网格描述的有限体积法,对蝶形模具非稳态挤压过程进行数值模拟,并与传统模具进行对比.数值模拟结果表明:当采用蝶形模具挤压方型管材时,金属的流动及变形较传统模具挤压时的更加均匀,分流桥上端及焊合室的死区减小;挤压力曲线平稳,没有明显的突变,突破分流孔的挤压力较传统模的降低约72.2%,最大挤压力降低约17.3%;模具的等效应力分布更加均匀,最大等效应力降低约11.2%,模具的使用寿命提高,且分流桥的弹性变形减小,模芯的稳定性提高.     

模桥结构对铝型材分流挤压纵向焊缝焊合性能的影响

基于刚粘塑性理论,采用Deform-3D有限元软件,对铝型材分流挤压的焊合过程进行了数值模拟.分析了不同分流模模桥结构下焊合面上接触压力、流变应力和速度场的分布及其变化.模拟分析表明,随着模桥下端尺寸d的减小,焊合区域有效焊合路径L增长,静水压力升高,等效应力降低;利用Donati提出的K参数法来判断模桥结构对焊合质量的影响,表明,模桥下端尺寸d越小,分流的金属焊合效果越好.     

Experimental and Finite-Element Method Study of Zn-22Al Alloy Pipe Hot Extrusion Using a Porthole Die

To reduce the pollution caused by lead alloys, environmentally friendly alloys are selected to fabricate metal tubes for delay detonators. Zn-22Al alloy was selected in this study as the tube metal because of its high environmental friendliness and low cost. The first step in metal tube production is to prepare a pipe. In this study, the Zn-22Al alloy was hot extruded using a porthole die. A finite-element method (FEM) was used to optimize the porthole-die extrusion of the Zn-22Al alloy pipes. The flow stress data for the alloy in the temperature range of 200-350 °C and strain rate range of 0.1-10 s^?1 were measured. The FEM results showed that two stages existed for any random position of the interface during porthole die extrusion, viz., the bonded interface-forming period, and the post-bonded period. The dead-metal zones existed at the corners between the container and die face and between the bottom and sidewall of the welding chamber. The effects of the extrusion temperature and the chamber height of the die on the welding quality index were studied. Pipes with an outer diameter of 18 mm and an inner diameter of 10 mm were fabricated successfully by the hot-extrusion method at 200 °C using a porthole die with a chamber height of 15 mm.     

半空心铝型材保护导流式分流模结构

介绍了半空心铝型材挤压模的研究现状,分析了针对半空心铝型材的5种模具结构,包括整体式平模、镶嵌式分流模、遮盖式分流模、吊挂式分流模和切割式分流模。提出了一种新的半空心铝型材挤压的保护导流式分流模具结构,结合具体实例,介绍了这种保护导流式挤压模结构,详细分析了这种结构的组成和参数选择,主要包括分流孔的设计、挤压机能力的选择、分流桥的结构、应力间隙和工作带的选择,并给出了模具强度校核方法。根据挤压结果,与传统平面模、切割式分流模进行了对比。结果表明,这种新型模具结构简单、便于加工,可显著提高模具强度和寿命。     

Non-steady FE analysis on porthole dies extrusion of aluminum harmonica-shaped tube

According to the rigid-viscoplasticity finite element method, the porthole die extrusion process of an aluminum harmonica-shaped tube was successfully simulated based on software Deform-3D. The distribution of stress field, effective strain field, velocity field and temperature field during the extrusion process were discussed and the metal flow in welding extrusion was analyzed. The simulation results show that the material flow velocities in the bearing exit are non-uniform with the originally designed die and the forepart of the profile is not neat or even. Aiming at solving this problem, the modification method of die structure was improved. The result shows that the uniform material flow velocities in the die exit and a perfect extruded are obtained by modification bearing length.