220 kV高压交流可交联聚乙烯电缆料国产化研究

近年来,随着超高压输电技术的井喷式发展,高压交流电缆电缆料的国产化势在必行。简要分析了国内外电缆料性能的差距,通过分子链结构调整、加工工艺改进和杂质控制等技术手段研发了新型国产220 kV高压交流可交联聚乙烯电缆料。并对新研发的国产电缆料与国外同电压等级电缆料进行了一系列性能对比。结果表明,新型国产220 kV高压交流可交联聚乙烯电缆料与同等级进口产品在电、热、机械性能指标上基本相同,各项性能指标均满足国标要求。目前,所研制的国产高压交流可交联聚乙烯电缆料已通过相关性能检测和技术鉴定,并已在深圳220 kV经贸至水贝电缆线路示范工程上挂网运行,且运行状态良好。     

高压直流电缆料的研发进展与路径分析

直流输电已经成为电网建设的关键环节,高压直流电缆是直流输电的关键电力设备。然而,直流电缆料与屏蔽料被国外企业长期垄断,我国不能大规模批量生产质量稳定可靠的高压直流电缆用绝缘料,因此现阶段急需研发具有我国自主知识产权的新型高端电缆料以提升电力设备的国产化率。按照技术需求、研发路径和发展设想三个方面全面综述了高压直流电缆料的研发进展。首先探讨了直流电缆料对包括介电强度、电场分布、空间电荷输运等电性能的技术需求;其次分析了高纯净度电缆料、纳米复合电缆料、共混复合电缆料、接枝改性电缆料和直流电缆屏蔽料等五个研发路径的现状、优势与不足、陷阱特性和发展方向;最后对未来直流电缆料的研究发展进行了展望。采用电荷陷阱理论构建了直流绝缘特性之间的关联,获得了电荷陷阱行为对直流绝缘特性的影响机制,归纳了各路径下电缆绝缘料的陷阱特性及其调控方法。该研究可为我国新型高端直流电缆料的研发提供理论支撑。     

中高压电力电缆用乙丙橡胶绝缘材料的研究

用于电厂封闭母线的电缆、盾构电缆、煤矿用电缆等中高压电力电缆的绝缘越来越多地采用乙丙橡胶。本文研究了适合于中高压电缆使用的乙丙橡胶绝缘材料,从基体材料的选择、配合剂的选择、加工工艺等方面进行了探讨,所研制的乙丙绝缘材料及其制品具有优良的机械电气性能和加工性能。     

环保型阻燃电缆料的抑烟新途径

本文分析了国内外抑烟材料的现状,研究了新型抑烟材料在电缆料中的应用。主要介绍了在阻燃乙丙橡胶、阻燃聚烯烃、阻燃聚氯乙烯中的应用,并进行了对比试验,提出了环保型阻燃电缆料的抑烟新办法。     

新型XLPE高压直流电缆绝缘料的空间电荷特性研究

高压直流电缆运行中的温度梯度效应导致电缆外绝缘层场强严重畸变,降低了绝缘的电气强度和使用寿命。在聚乙烯纳米复合材料的基础上,添加适量的交联剂、抗氧剂等制备了新型高压直流交联聚乙烯料,对其力学性能和电性能进行测试,并将其与国外主流XLPE直流电缆绝缘料的空间电荷积聚与场强畸变特性进行对比分析。结果表明:新型高压直流交联聚乙烯电缆料的性能优于国外主流XLPE直流电缆绝缘料,有望用于国产高压直流电缆。     

12/20kV高压屏蔽乙丙橡胶绝缘盐湖用软电缆研制

介绍了12/20kV高压屏蔽乙丙橡胶绝缘盐湖用橡套软电缆的研制,对电缆的结构设计、材料选择和制造工艺进行了探讨。     

XLPE电缆绝缘中水树的形成机理和抑制方法分析

叙述了交联聚乙烯电缆中的水树对中高压XLPE电缆的危害性;介绍了水树的本质、水树生长特性,引发水树的电-机械理论和化学反应理论;分析了影响水树生长的因素和国内外抗水树电缆料的研究情况。     

交联电缆施工工艺

随着电力建设不断发展,变电站高压电缆采用橡塑绝缘电缆逐渐增多。橡塑绝缘电力电缆分为聚乙烯绝缘、交联聚乙烯绝缘和乙丙橡胶绝缘电力电缆。由于聚乙烯绝缘电缆(PVC)介质损耗大,在     

高压电缆半导电屏蔽料关键问题及研究进展

半导电屏蔽层作为高压电缆的重要组成部分,在电缆结构中起到均匀电场的作用。目前,我国高压电缆制造技术快速发展,然而高电压等级电缆料严重依赖进口,存在较多的技术壁垒。该文从高压电缆屏蔽料发展历程及关键问题、屏蔽料组成及关键性能参数、屏蔽料性能提升及改性3个方面综述了高压电缆屏蔽料的研究进展。首先,梳理高压电缆半导电屏蔽料发展历程,提炼当前屏蔽料面临的主要技术瓶颈和关键问题;其次,探讨屏蔽料导电和导热机理,从基体树脂、导电填充物和添加剂3个方面分析屏蔽料组成及性能,分析不同电压等级屏蔽料关键性能参数与技术要求;最后,探讨半导电屏蔽层配方,半导电屏蔽层–绝缘层界面特性和半导电屏蔽层性能对绝缘层电荷积聚特性的影响,并提出通过半导电屏蔽层改性抑制高压直流电缆绝缘层电荷积聚的方法。该文所做工作可为我国高压电缆半导电屏蔽料的研发、高压电缆性能评估提供理论参考。     

乙丙橡胶在中高压电缆的适用性及优越性分析

经对电线电缆用几种主要聚合物绝缘材料的性能进行比较,从理论及实验结果出发分析了影响绝缘性能的主要因素;进而分析了乙丙橡胶对于中高压电缆的适用性,并指出在某些特定使用场合下使用乙丙胶的优越性。     

Comparative analysisof grounding systems formed by MV cable lines with either uninsulated or insulated metal sheath(s)

It is well known that medium-voltage (MV) paper-insulated cables essentially reduce the potentials appearing during a ground fault in substations located in urban surroundings. This is explained by the fact that these cables usually (normally) have an uncoated metallic sheath. Due to this, MV cable lines leaving a high-voltage/middle-voltage (HV/MV) substation act as long external grounding electrodes and spontaneously form one very large and complex grounding system around this substation. Cables with an insulated metallic sheath however, are progressively being more applied in contemporary power distribution practice. Consequently, the following quite logical question arises: how will a cable with such constructive characteristic influence the general conditions for solving the grounding problem of distribution substations, especially of those working in high-voltage (HV) networks with directly grounded neutral(s)? The analysis performed in this paper shows that, when applied these cables spontaneously form a grounding system which also exhibits excellent grounding performances.     

抗水树中压电力电缆及材料的研究

阐述了研究抗水树中压电力电缆及材料的现实意义;介绍了电缆和材料抗水树性能评价试验方法及一些结果。     

Electrical stress enhancement of contaminants in XLPE insulation used for power cables

The use of XLPE as the insulation for power cables has grown steadily since it first introduction more than 30 years ago. Today XLPE is rapidly becoming the preferred insulation system for even the highest transmission voltages. This preference is due to the high reliability, low dielectric losses, and low environmental impact that can be achieved with XLPE. The positive effects of high quality insulation materials on improved cable performance have been well known since the start of cable making. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the technical background for the cleanliness levels and to quantify the level of performance required from clean materials. The advantages of clean insulation materials are seen at all voltages. However, this work focuses on the technical basis for the benefits for HV and EHV cables, which typically are designed with a water impervious layer to ensure that the cable remains dry throughout its entire lifetime. The presence of metallic contaminants in MV cable is known to enhance the growth of trees by raising the electric stress level locally. The singular impact of cleanliness on the performance of MV cables is somewhat more complicated as it is influenced both by the cleanliness of the insulation and the ability of the insulation material to resist the growth of water trees.     

中压冷缩电缆附件的技术与性能分析

针对中压屏蔽电缆目前广泛应用于电网,而使用中会发生终端和中间连接处防护层断口,所以经常用电缆附件对断口进行防护的问题,对冷缩中压电缆附件进行了详细的介绍,比较了该类产品与热缩产品的优劣,并对国内主要冷缩产品的性能进行了分析,指出需要改进之处.     

高压电缆缓冲层的设计与工艺研究

高压与超高压交联电缆金属护套与电缆缆芯之间的缓冲层是电缆的重要组成部分,对电缆的机械、热性能具有重要的影响。为研究缓冲层对电缆性能的影响,分析了不同的阻水带的热阻特性与工艺特点,对国产两种同型号不同厂家的电缆进行了对比温升试验,最后讨论和分析了现在国内外高压交联电缆缓冲层的结构与工艺特点。研究表明,具有不同结构与材料的缓冲层,对电缆本体的热阻有显著影响,也对电缆载流量有着很大的影响。在此基础上,对国产电缆的缓冲层设计与工艺提出了一些建议。     

A New Approach to the Statistical Enlargement Law for Comparing the Breakdown Performance of Power Cables. 1. Theory

This paper, the first of two companion papers, describes a new approach to the application of the statistical "enlargement law" to power cable insulation. The results of this work allow for selecting better insulation for medium or high voltage cables. The selection is based on the results of dielectric strength tests performed on cable models or full size cables of a limited length. The relevance of the so-called crossing length, where one insulating compound performs better below it and another compound above this length, is discussed. The proposed theory was used to analyze the performances of two ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) compounds and two cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) compounds. The results are presented in the companion paper.     

断续负载条件下中低压电力电缆载流特性研究

在某些断续负载、大传输容量的应用中,为确保供给电能的中低压电力电缆安全可靠地工作,需要预测其载流特性。本文主要针对断续负载条件下中低压电缆的非稳态发热过程及相关问题,一方面从理论角度,解决电缆在特定负载条件下的发热特性问题;另一方面,结合具体载流试验,分析电缆的发热过程及规律。     

高压电力电缆白蚁危害及综合治理研究

;随着我国国民经济的飞跃发展,电力及输电线路也获得了飞速发展。高压电力电缆的埋地敷设安全可靠,不占有空间,美化城市的容貌,占地也少,因此,埋地的电力电缆输电线路也获得飞速发展。但是近年来,尤其是我国南方地区受白蚁侵蚀问题日益严重,严重影响电网运行的安全稳定。本文针对广东东莞供电局110 kV高压电缆的白蚁危害情况,分析白蚁选择电缆嚼食的原因,并对电缆综合治理白蚁危害进行了探讨。