高熵合金基复合材料及制备方法研究进展

高熵合金基复合材料可以充分发挥高熵合金和强化相(或金属基体)的性能优势,有望超越传统金属复合材料的性能极限。对高熵合金基复合材料及其制备方法进行了综述,以期能为未来高熵合金基复合材料的组分设计、强化相种类和制备方法的选择带来一定的启发和借鉴作用。首先介绍了高熵合金基复合材料的强化相种类,并对高熵合金基复合材料制备工艺的特点进行了总结;在此基础上,归纳了制备高性能高熵合金基复合材料的关键因素,包括高熵合金成分的选择、强化相种类及生成方式和复合材料的制备方法等因素;最后对高熵合金基复合材料研究领域的挑战和未来发展进行了展望。     

高熵合金基复合材料的研究进展

高熵合金自2004年被提出以来，由于其表现出比传统合金更为优异的综合性能，在航空航天、石油化工等领域具有潜在的应用前景，逐渐成为金属材料领域的研究热点。在高熵合金基体中引入合适的增强相形成高熵合金基复合材料(HEAMCs),已成为改善高熵合金综合性能的方法之一。本文综述了近年来国内外关于高熵合金基复合材料的研究现状，就其增强相选择、制备工艺、相结构和组织进行系统的介绍，并归纳了包括强塑性、硬度以及耐磨耐蚀性等高熵合金基复合材料性能的演变规律以及强化机制，最后指出了当前高熵合金基复合材料面临的挑战并展望了未来的研究方向：增强相和基体之间的润湿性严重影响大尺寸复合材料的制备及性能，寻找一种高效简易的方法制备大尺寸复合材料是目前高熵合金基复合材料需要解决的一个问题；增强相颗粒会导致塑性下降，金属基复合材料强度与塑性之间的平衡也有待研究。     

高熵合金摩擦磨损性能的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

近年来,高熵合金成为金属材料领域的研究热点。高熵合金处于相图中心区域,具有广阔的合金成分空间和组织结构形成可能;成分和制备工艺的协同调控,能够获得更丰富的组织结构;非常规的化学结构有望突破传统抗磨、润滑合金的性能极限。本文讨论了耐磨高熵合金的分类,分析了化学活泼金属、软金属、难熔金属的添加对高熵合金抗磨、润滑性能的影响规律;总结了非金属元素和陶瓷相的添加对高熵合金基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;综述了热处理和表面工程技术对高熵合金表面组织结构和摩擦磨损行为的作用;讨论了苛刻工况下抗磨润滑高熵合金的设计方法。对未来高熵合金在摩擦磨损领域的研究和应用进行了展望,高熵合金在解决传统合金的瓶颈问题上具有巨大潜力,如在极端工况下实现稳定润滑抗磨、保证特定功能作用下实现抗磨。     

激光熔覆多主元高熵合金涂层的研究进展

多主元高熵合金以其独特的合金设计理念和优异的性能,在现代化工业中具有巨大的应用潜力,逐渐成为广大材料研究学者们关注的热点。论述了高熵合金的热力学特性、动力学特性、结构特性以及性能特点,重点阐述了激光熔覆高熵合金涂层以及高熵合金基复合涂层的研究进展,并指出了高熵合金未来的研究发展方向,为激光熔覆高熵合金涂层的研制提供了参考。     

镁基材料的阻尼性能研究进展与展望

简要介绍了高阻尼镁合金及镁基复合材料的研究进展,叙述了应变振幅、频率、温度、热处理以及合金成分对镁合金阻尼性能的影响,分析了镁基复合材料的阻尼机制及阻尼设计.对高阻尼镁基材料的重要发展方向进行了展望.     

碳化物陶瓷颗粒对双相高熵合金基复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

高熵合金拓宽了复合材料中金属基体的选用范围。本文通过外加碳化物陶瓷颗粒,利用电弧熔炼技术制备Fe_49.5Mn₃₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀X_0.5 (X=B₄C、ZrC和TiC)等3种高熵合金复合材料,系统研究3种碳化物陶瓷颗粒对双相高熵合金基复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：掺杂碳化物陶瓷颗粒均可细化高熵合金基体的晶粒尺寸,稳定fcc相,抑制hcp相形成,其中B₄C陶瓷颗粒细化晶粒和稳定fcc相效果最显著。掺杂ZrC和B₄C陶瓷颗粒样品,力学性能低于高熵合金基体样品,归因于ZrC和B₄C陶瓷颗粒与基体之间的界面结合情况不佳,界面处出现孔洞性缺陷;而掺杂TiC陶瓷颗粒样品,其强韧化效果显著,归因于良好的界面结合、细晶强化、弥散强化及颗粒承载强化等。     

增材制造技术制备高熵合金的研究现状及展望

高熵合金是近年来发现的一种新型合金,因其独特的设计理念、组织结构以及优异的性能,短短数年内获得了大量科研工作者的关注。由于高熵合金高成本的特点,采用传统制备工艺制备高熵合金结构件造成了一定浪费,尤其是在高精密复杂零部件方面。而增材制造是根据零件的三维数据直接制造出实体零件的技术,能够在很大程度上解决高熵合金在复杂零部件方面制备浪费的问题。同时,增材制造技术具有精确制造、快速凝固的特点,比传统制备工艺更能够保证合金的组织均匀性,也更有利于合金的组织细化,可以进一步发挥高熵合金性能的潜力。然而,高熵合金和增材制造都属于发展时间较短的新型研究方向,针对增材制造高熵合金的研究也尚处于起步阶段。本文介绍了高熵合金最常使用的几种增材制造技术,重点阐述了用增材制造技术制备的高熵合金的组织演变规律、力学性能、耐腐蚀性这几方面的研究进展,并对高熵合金复合材料的研究现状进行了归纳,同时对增材制造高熵合金的进展及优缺点进行了总结,并对增材制造技术制备高熵合金的研究提供了一些思路。     

高熵合金在钎焊和表面工程领域的应用研究进展

随着合金制造水平的提高及性能要求的复杂化,高熵合金逐渐引起极大的关注.目前在材料加工领域内的研究主要集中于钎焊和表面工程两大方向.在钎焊领域,高熵合金可以作为钎焊填充材料应用于高温和低温钎焊,本文归纳了合金高熵化的相关经验参数,阐述了第一性原理计算和相图计算等模拟计算手段在高熵合金填充材料设计领域内的应用;详细介绍了高熵合金钎料在镍基高温合金、陶瓷-金属异种材料、低温封装等连接领域的最新研究进展.同时,分析了工艺参数对高熵合金钎料钎焊接头组织与性能的影响.在表面工程领域,论述了高熵合金薄膜/涂层的应用方向与制备手段,总结了在高温防护涂层、硬质保护层以及其他应用领域的研究进展.同时归纳了高熵合金在钎焊和表面工程领域研究和应用中存在的问题,而未来将在降低钎料熔点、提高焊缝高温力学性能以及发展共晶高熵合金钎料/涂层等领域进一步提高研究水平.     

放电等离子烧结对TiB_2/AlCoCrFeNi复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结方法(SPS),制备体积分数5%TiB_2的等摩尔AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金基复合材料。通过密度测试、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等方法,研究SPS烧结温度及烧结压力对复合材料的微结构演变与力学性能影响。结果表明:随着SPS烧结温度及烧结压力的增加,复合材料的硬度及抗压强度得到明显提高。在1200℃/30MPa进行SPS烧结后,复合材料的致密度达99.6%,抗压强度达2416MPa,屈服强度达1474MPa,硬度超过470HB。烧结过程中,复合材料的基体高熵合金发生相变,1200℃及30~45MPa烧结时,复合材料由BCC,B_2,FCC,σ及TiB_2相组成。     

难熔高熵合金性能调控与增材制造EI北大核心CSCD

难熔高熵合金(refractory high-entropy alloys, RHEAs)通过添加多种难熔元素形成等原子比或近等原子比的多主元合金,具有简单的相结构和优异的高温性能,在高温合金领域具有极为广阔的应用前景。本文以难熔高熵合金的性能特点与制备工艺为基础,从合金制备与成形面临的挑战出发,综述了难熔高熵合金的性能调控方法与研究进展,介绍了增材制造难熔高熵合金实现的突破与面临的困境,对难熔高熵合金的成分设计及优化、材料制备与加工、增材制造成形进行了展望,并对其未来重点研究方向提出了如下建议:通过调控相结构和相界面克服难熔高熵合金的强韧制约;结合传统强韧化理论与难熔高熵合金自身性能特点进行材料设计;借助增材制造技术的工艺特征促进难熔高熵合金的形性调控;探究难熔高熵合金在高温及多场耦合环境下的使役性能与失效机制。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.