Al_2O_3颗粒镀铜对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料Al_2O_3-Fe-Sn-C/Cu摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过对陶瓷摩擦组元的表面进行化学镀铜来改善铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料中陶瓷相与基体间的结合效果,从而提高材料摩擦磨损性能。分别采用镀铜Al2O3颗粒和未镀铜Al2O3颗粒与铜粉和铁粉等经混合、压制、加压烧结制备Al2O3-Fe-Sn-C/Cu摩擦磨损试样。测试并分析了摩擦材料的微观结构、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:摩擦组元镀铜可使硬质颗粒与铜基体结合紧密;摩擦材料的布氏硬度增加了12%,弹性模量提高了约7%,摩擦系数提高了5%~10%,线磨损量降低了20%~50%;表面镀铜后的Al2O3颗粒不易脱落,摩擦系数稳定性提高了13%~23%。研究结果表明,摩擦组元表面镀铜可提高材料的综合性能。     

CNTs含量对CNTs/Al微观组织及力学性能的影响

为增加碳纳米管(CNTs)在铝基体中的分散性,利用机械球磨-真空热压烧结工艺制备碳纳米管/铝(CNTs/Al)复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子万能试验机和万能摩擦磨损实验机,研究了CNTs质量分数对CNTs/Al复合材料微观组织、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:CNTs经超声波预先分散后分散性增加;当CNTs质量分数为2.0%时,复合材料中CNTs与Al粉之间表现出较好的相容性;随着CNTs含量进一步增加,CNTs团聚现象严重;热压烧结温度600℃时,随着CNTs添加量的增加,铝基复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度呈现出明显的先增大后降低的趋势,同时,CNTs/Al复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率随CNTs含量的增大先减小后增加;CNTs质量分数为2.0%时,复合材料的屈服强度最大值为116 MPa,抗拉强度最大值为245 MPa,与纯Al基体相比,分别提高了78%和1.9倍.2.0%CNTs/Al复合材料可获得较好的摩擦磨损性能,其摩擦系数和磨损率呈现平缓趋势,复合材料的磨痕最浅.     

Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2复合叠层陶瓷材料摩擦磨损性能

将Al2O3-TiC陶瓷材料与具有固体润滑特性的Al2O3-TiC-CaF2陶瓷材料进行叠层,通过真空热压烧结制备Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2复合叠层陶瓷材料.在环盘式摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦磨损实验,研究该材料在不同载荷、转速条件下的摩擦系数和磨损率,分别用SEM及EDS观察材料磨损前后的微观形貌和分析其成分组成,研究其磨损机制.结果表明:在相同载荷条件下,Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2复合叠层陶瓷材料的摩擦系数和磨损率随着转速的升高而下降,在相同转速条件下,其摩擦系数和磨损率随着载荷的增加而下降;Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2复合叠层陶瓷材料的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损.     

高填充Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的摩擦学特性

利用凝胶注模方法可以制备出高填充含量的Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料。考察了PTFE对高填充聚合物复合材料摩擦学性能的影响，并对复合材料的磨损机理进行了探讨。研究表明．在适当高的填充条件下．复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能可以得到一定的改善，PTFE的填充将降低Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的力学性能，并使材料的摩擦系数有所增大；但是复合材料的耐磨特性可以得到显著改善。高填充含量的PTFE-Al2O3聚丙烯酰胺复合材料表现出了摩阻材料特性。Al2O3-聚丙烯酰胺复合材料的磨损主要表现为磨粒磨损特征。     

等离子喷涂陶瓷层的摩擦磨损性能及机理

为了提高叼纸牙表面的摩擦磨损性能,采用等离子喷涂技术在T10钢基体上分别喷涂了5种氧化物陶瓷涂层,对5种涂层摩擦磨损的性能及机理进行了研究.结果表明:与Al2O3/Cr2O3复合涂层相比,100%Al2O3和100%Cr2O3陶瓷涂层的摩擦系数和体积磨损量都比较低,摩擦磨损性能更优;Al2O3/Cr2O3复合涂层磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损,而100%Al2O3和100%Cr2O3涂层则主要为疲劳磨损.     

石墨/CNTs增强铝基混杂复合材料的微观组织与摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了石墨/碳纳米管(CNTs)增强铝基复合材料,研究了石墨和碳纳米管对复合材料摩擦磨损性能及硬度的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的显微组织、磨损表面形貌。结果表明:仅添加石墨的复合材料摩擦系数明显降低,而磨损率、硬度有少量降低;但是将石墨和碳纳米管混杂加入到复合材料中后,材料的摩擦系数明显降低,磨损率急剧升高,且材料的硬度随碳纳米管含量增加而逐渐下降。仅添加石墨的复合材料磨损形式主要是磨粒磨损和犁沟磨损,而添加石墨和碳纳米管的复合材料主要是剥层磨损。     

硼铁含量对铜基粉末冶金制动材料性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备铜基制动摩擦材料,研究了硼铁添加量对材料的摩擦系数、磨损率的影响规律。通过扫描电子显微镜观察材料的微观组织结构和摩擦磨损表面形貌,并分析其摩擦磨损机理。研究结果表明:硼铁含量低(0%~6%)时,材料的摩擦系数显著降低,磨损率较高;硼铁含量高(9%~12%)时,材料在高速下的摩擦系数较高且波动不大,磨损率较小。材料的磨损在低速下以磨粒磨损为主,随着制动速度的增大,磨损逐渐变成以氧化磨损和粘着磨损的混合机制为主。综合比较可知,硼铁含量为12%时,材料的摩擦系数波动不大,在高速制动下趋于平稳,且其耐磨性能较好。     

新型纳米Al2O3强化铜基复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能

纳米复合材料是目前的研究热点,采用热压烧结法制备了纳米Al2O3颗粒强化铜基复合材料。采用阿基米德排水法测试了复合材料的致密度,采用硬度计测试其硬度,采用表面三维形貌仪测量其磨损体积并观察磨痕的三维形貌;采用摩擦磨损试验机研究了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能并分析其磨损机制;采用扫描电镜及能谱仪观察复合材料磨损前后的表面形貌、分析磨痕的化学成分;研究了工艺参数及Al2O3含量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料的最佳热压制备工艺为热压温度900℃,热压压力27.5 MPa,保温时间2 h,所得铜基复合材料的相对致密度达99.03%;随Al2O3含量增加,复合材料的硬度增加,耐磨性先升高后降低;Al2O3含量为2%时,复合材料磨损量最少,相对耐磨性为3.13,硬度较纯铜提高了35.5%;随Al2O3含量的增加,铜基复合材料的磨损机制从以黏着磨损为主转变为以磨粒磨损为主。     

Ti_3SiC_2-Ag复合材料与不同摩擦配副的摩擦磨损性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了Ti3Si C2-Ag复合材料,研究了其在室温下与Si3N4、Al2O3、Si C等摩擦配副对摩时的摩擦磨损性能,并与纯Ti3Si C2材料在相同摩擦配副条件下的摩擦磨损性能进行了对比。运用扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪等对磨损表面的形貌组织和元素价态等进行了表征分析,并探讨了摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:摩擦配副材料的不同对Ti3Si C2-Ag复合材料的摩擦磨损行为有显著影响,Ti3Si C2-Ag复合材料与Si C和Si3N4对摩时,磨损率均较低,尽管存在晶粒拔出等机械磨损,但Ti O2和Si Ox等摩擦氧化膜的形成有效地抑制了晶粒拔出并起到了减摩作用;Ti3Si C2-Ag复合材料与Al2O3对摩时磨损率则较高,以脆性断裂、晶粒拔出为主的机械磨损是该摩擦副的主要磨损机制。Ti3Si C2材料与Si3N4和Al2O3对摩时,包含脆性断裂、晶粒拔出、脱落以及磨粒磨损在内的机械磨损是其主要的磨损机制;Ti3Si C2材料与Si C对摩时,磨损表面的塑性变形和氧化膜起到了抑制晶粒拔出的作用,使得Ti3Si C2的磨损率相对较低。     

不同Al2O3-TiO2-Cr2O3-SiO2配比等离子喷涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能

为了探讨等离子喷涂制备Al2O3-TiO2-Cr2O3-SiO2层的可行性及其喷涂层的耐磨性,采用等离子喷涂在Q235钢表面分别制备了54%Al2O3-36%TiO2-10%Cr2O3-0.5%SiO2,42%Al2O3-28%TiO2-28.5%Cr2O3-1.5%SiO2和30%Al2O3-20%TiO2-47.5%Cr2O3-2.5%SiO23种陶瓷层,分析了陶瓷涂层的金相显微形貌、显微硬度及耐磨粒磨损性能,并分析了其耐磨粒磨损的机理。结果表明:3种涂层的显微硬度分布均具有梯度分布特性,Al2O3+Cr2O3硬质相含量越高,涂层硬度越大;30%Al2O3-20%TiO2-47.5%Cr2O3-2.5%SiO2喷涂粉制成的涂层的硬度最大,耐磨粒磨损性能最佳。     

(Mg2B2O5w+ND)/ZK60镁基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

在湿球磨条件下以600 r/min高能球磨混粉,并将球磨后的粉末经过热压烧结-热挤压成型制备(Mg2B2O5w+ND)/ZK60镁基复合材料。研究了(Mg2B2O5w+ND)/ZK60镁基复合材料在不同载荷和转速下的干摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:干摩擦条件下,材料的摩擦系数随着滑动距离的增加会经历跑和阶段和稳定阶段;材料的质量磨损率随着转速的增大而降低,随着载荷的增大而增大,且基体镁合金的质量磨损率始终低于复合材料。随着摩擦载荷和转速的增加,材料的摩擦系数减小,然后逐渐趋于平稳。混杂增强的镁基复合材料相比基体合金具有更低的摩擦系数。     

Friction stir processing strategies to develop a surface composite layer on AA6061-T6

Friction stir processing (FSP) has been used to produce metal matrix composites by incorporating reinforcement particles in an AA6061-T6 matrix. Two types of particles (Al₂O₃ and SiC) were tested. Powder was placed into a mechanized square section groove on a plate surface and then sealed before FSP. This study investigates the effect of several strategies for reinforcement (number and direction of FSP passes) on the wear resistance behavior of friction stir-processed Al-SiC/Al₂O₃ composites. The distribution and size of the particles in the friction stir-processed zone were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Ball-on-disk test was performed on both base material and surface metal matrix composites (SMMCs), and both friction coefficient and specific wear rate (SWR) were correlated with particle distribution and metallurgical effects on the metallic matrix. For all strategies and for both types of reinforcing particles used in this study, the friction coefficient decreases with respect to the base material. Moreover, the SWR is reduced for the conditions of one single FSP pass and two passes with opposite directions, when SiC are used. However, this positive effect has not been detected with Al₂O₃. Wear mechanisms in base metal and in SMMCs are compared and discussed in detail.     

石墨烯/纳米Al2O3增韧Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的力学及摩擦磨损性能

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了石墨烯(GNPs)和纳米Al₂O₃增韧的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷复合刀具材料(TAG)。研究了GNPs和纳米Al₂O₃对复合陶瓷材料微观结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究表明,GNPs和纳米Al₂O₃的添加对复合陶瓷材料的力学性能有明显的提高,当GNPs和纳米Al₂O₃含量(质量分数)为1%和5%时,复合刀具陶瓷材料(TA5G1)综合力学性能最优,其硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为21.50 GPa、810.80 MPa和10.51 MPa·m^1/2。研究了复合刀具材料的摩擦磨损性能和磨损机理,研究结果表明,在TAG复合刀具材料中,TA5G1的摩擦磨损性能最优,其摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.338和4.921×10^-6 mm³/(N·m),复合刀具材料的主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

Tribological performance of nano-Al2O3 reinforced polyamide 6 composites

Nano-Al₂O₃ and micron Al₂O₃ reinforced polyamide 6 composites (PA6/Al₂O₃) were prepared via in situ polymerization. The effects of nano-particle content and wear condition on the tribological properties of the composites were measured using a MM-200 block on ring wear tester. The worn surface was investigated with a scanning electronic microscope and a metallurgical microscope and the wear mechanism was proposed. It was found that nano-Al₂O₃ improved the wear resistance of monomer casting polyamide 6 with the optimal content of nano-Al₂O₃ being approximately 3 wt.%. The wear rate of PA6/Al₂O₃ nano-composite was lower than that of the composite with micron Al₂O₃ and increased slowly while its friction coefficient decreased gradually with load. However, the friction coefficient of the composite was somewhat larger than that of monomer casting polyamide 6 and lower than that of the composite with micron Al₂O₃.     

单磨粒作用下Al2O3-TiC-TiN复合陶瓷的摩擦磨损特性

本文利用置于扫描电子显微镜（SEM）中的销-盘（pin－disk）式滑动摩擦磨损试验装置，研究了在单颗粒磨粒的作用下Al₂O₃－TiC－TiN复合陶瓷的摩擦磨损特性．结果显示，在真空和空气两种环境中，该材料的摩擦行为具有不同的特点．其磨损机理，在磨损初期表现为明显的微切削，随着磨损的进行，其机理以脆性的微断裂为主．同时还表明，在三体磨粒磨损条件下，磨粒的相对软硬显著地影响该陶瓷的磨损率．     

聚丙烯腈纤维对汽车摩擦材料性能的影响

在一种成熟低金属配方基础上,采用热压法制备聚丙烯腈纤维增强摩擦材料,研究聚丙烯腈纤维含量对摩擦材料物理性能、力学性能、摩擦磨损性能及制动噪音的影响。结果表明:随聚丙烯腈纤维含量增加,摩擦材料的密度逐渐降低,而气孔率、压缩变形量和内剪切强度先升高然后降低;添加聚丙烯腈纤维对名义摩擦因数的影响较小,但会降低材料的抗高温衰退性能,并且随着其含量的增多,摩擦因数的衰退幅度增大;添加聚丙烯腈纤维会提高材料的磨损率,并随其含量的增加呈现先降低后略有增加的趋势;添加适量的聚丙烯腈纤维有利于抑制噪音的产生,在质量分数为3%~5%左右时,噪音表现最佳。     

A combinatorial approach for automotive friction materials: Effects of ingredients on friction performance

Raw materials used in automotive friction formulations were classified using a combinatorial approach into two groups in accordance with their ability to improve the wear properties of the mixture by two-phase friction composites. Components of group one, which improved the wear resistance, include softer additives (graphite, MoS₂, and Twaron), harder additives (Al₂O₃ and steel wool), and organic binder (benzoxazine). Softer additives have low friction coefficient (μ), low wear, and easily transferred debris to the surface of disc. Harder additives have intermediate wear, intermediate μ, and formed iron-containing surface layer transferred from cast iron disc to friction material pad. Benzoxazine has high wear and high μ and there is no transferred layer formed either on disc or pad in the case of benzoxazine used as pad. The wear of two-phase friction materials can be improved by adding Al₂O₃, graphite, MoS₂, steel wool, and Twaron to benzoxazine and four wear improvement mechanisms were proposed: (1) lubrication mechanism (graphite and MoS₂); (2) abrasive mechanism (Al₂O₃); (3) friction layer mechanism (steel wool); (4) reinforced mechanism (Twaron). Components of group two, which produced poor wear resistance, include BaSO₄, BN, B₂O₃, brass chips, CaCO₃, Ca(OH)₂, cashew, copper chips, CuS, Cu₂S, H₃BO₃, iron powder, MgO, oxidized PAN fiber, PMF (SiO₂ + CaO), Sb₂S₃, Ultrafibe (CaSiO₃), and ZrSiO₄.     

有机复合摩擦材料的成分优化及其对摩擦性能的影响

采用正交试验设计方法对有机复合摩擦材料的成分进行优化,利用MMS-2A摩擦磨损试验机对材料的摩擦系数进行测试,用比磨损率表征复合材料的磨损性能,并通过极差法对试验结果进行了分析。用Leica体式显微镜和3D激光共聚焦显微镜观察了材料摩擦磨损后的表面形貌,探索了不同成分下合成材料的摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:改性酚醛树脂对材料的平均摩擦系数和比磨损率的影响最大。摩擦系数较优的组合为A1B1C2D2,比磨损率较优的组合为A3D1C1B3。树脂含量较少时,摩擦表面的摩擦膜较少,犁沟较深,呈严重的磨粒磨损特征;随树脂含量增加,摩擦表面形成完整且连续的摩擦膜,犁沟较浅,材料的主要磨损形式为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

Friction and wear of ZrO2-TiO2 surface-alloyed Al2O3 ceramics in unlubricated sliding contact

Slightly and highly porous Al₂O₃ ceramics were surface remelted and alloyed by adding ZrO₂ and TiO₂ using infrared CO₂ laser radiation. The resulting composite layers of thickness of about 200 m?m contained about 31 vol.% of ZrO₂- and TiO₂-rich phases which were homogeneously distributed at the grain boundaries of the alumina matrix. Microstructures and worn surfaces were analysed by electron microscopy and EDX analysis. Tribological tests were carried out unlubricated using conditions of abrasive wear and oscillating slinging wear, respectively. The results showed that the average grain size and hardness of the ceramics were reduced due to alloying. Despite decreasing hardness the wear resistance was substantially increased. Friction and wear of the untreated ceramics depended strongly on the amount of porosity which was removed or substantially reduced by laser treatment. Surface alloying of Al₂O₃ ceramics can offer an effective process for producing components showing very different surface and bulk properties and particularly improved tribological behaviour. For the alloying elements and experimental conditions used, the improvement was more pronounced in wear resistance than in friction coefficient.     

A new method for surface modification of TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposites with enhanced anti-friction properties

In this paper, the TiO₂/Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrothermal method and in situ modified with acrylic acid. It was found that the mean particle size of modified TiO₂/Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles was about 80 nm with a uniform distribution by the particle size analysis. The modified TiO₂/Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles can disperse in lubricating oil homogenously for several weeks. The dispersion stabilization of modified TiO₂/Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles in lubricating oil was significantly improved in comparison with the as-prepared nanoparticles, which was due to the introduction of grafted polymers by surface modification. The formation of covalent bands was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectrum. Under an optimized concentration of 0.1 wt%, the averaged friction coefficient was reduced by 14.75%, when the modified TiO₂/Al₂O₃ composite nanoparticles were used as lubricating oil additivities.