基于循环经济概念下的废弃电路板的再利用

运用循环经济原理,讨论了废弃电路板回收利用的必要性和可行性,并对现有废弃电路板资源化技术进行了分析比较,得出机械-物理处理法是回收利用电路板的最佳选择.针对国外废弃电路板的机械回收利用现状,提出了在国内开展废弃电路板资源化、无害化处理研究的一些建议.     

废旧印刷电路板回收自动化生产线的评估试验

在现有废旧印刷电路板(WPCBs)机械-物理法回收技术基础上,完善电子元器件(ECs)拆解工艺,利用分级式冲击磨实现粗碎产物的细碎-分离一体化,建立WPCBs回收自动化生产线;分别进行WPCBs拆解试验、废旧印刷电路板基板(WPWBs)粗碎试验和粗碎产物的细碎-金属分离试验;对金属和非金属回收产物进行微观形貌表征;研究分级式冲击磨的分级机转速对金属与非金属回收产物的分离效率的影响;最后对生产线进行了经济性评估。结果表明:该生产线工艺简便,设备投资低,运行能耗低,利润高;产量达到300 kg/h,金属与非金属的分离效率达到94. 4%;回收的铜粉呈球状,其铜品位达95. 4%;符合WPCBs资源化技术的要求,实现WPCBs回收的大规模、工业化生产。     

我国电子废弃物回收工艺研究进展

总结了处理电子废弃物的传统基本技术及其特点。针对传统工艺的缺陷综述了我国具有处理流程简单、成本低、资源利用率较高等优点的电子废弃物回收新工艺的研究进展,重点介绍了机械物理复合工艺处理废旧家电、废旧电池及废旧PCB板。同时提出了我国电子废弃物资源化方面的一些新动向和潜在的问题。     

印刷电路板生产废水综合治理及回收

介绍了电路板生产过程中的高浓度含铜废水的回收及铜氨废水、油墨废水综合治理的新方法。     

高压静电分选技术在回收废旧电路板中的研究进展

高压静电分选是利用物质的导电特性、介电常数差异,使静电力、重力、离心力等有效地作用在所有粒子上而实现分选,具有高效、低耗、环境友好等显著优点,是废旧电路板无害化处理和资源化利用的先进技术之一。分析了高压静电分选机的工作原理,结合对电场及空间电荷分布的研究和颗粒荷电及动力学过程研究的新进展,总结了应用于废旧电路板回收的高压电选机设备及工艺流程,并提出了该技术在废旧电路板回收再利用方面的一些新动向。     

电路板TPS验证与评估方法研究

用TPS对电路板进行自动测试、对电路板进行故障检测和修理,是提高新装备维修保障能力的关键。首先结合TPS评估与验收的需求,给出了电路板TPS验证的主要内容;然后介绍了基于故障注入的电路板TPS验证评估方法;在物理模拟故障注入样本集的充分性验证中,利用了基于多信号模型的测试模型建模方法,提高了验证准确性和效率。     

废弃热固性酚醛树脂回收技术的研究进展

对废弃热固性酚醛树脂的物理回收和化学回收等方法的研究发展进行了综述。主要介绍了物理回收法中的填料法和增强材料法以及化学回收法中的热裂解,催化加氢裂解和溶液分解法等,并对各种方法现存的问题和发展前景进行分析。物理回收法在实际生产应用中较为广泛,而化学回收法也具有广阔的发展前景。     

废旧印刷电路板中非金属材料资源化的新进展

目前对废印刷电路板(WPCBs)的资源化利用主要集中在金属部分,而对于占整体约60%但处理困难且经济效益相对较低的非金属材料部分的资源化和安全处置的研究则相对较少。然而WPCBs中非金属材料具有较高的回收利用价值,完全可以作为再生资源回收。如何处理好当前存在的二次污染及回收利用率低等问题以及寻找高效、简便和绿色的回收利用方法已是非金属材料资源化所面临的当务之急。在非金属材料的资源化方法中,物理回收法以处理工艺简单、成本低、资源利用率相对较高等优点而具有较大的发展优势,是最符合国内实情的一种资源化方法。     

纳米材料与技术在印制电路板工业中的应用

主要介绍了纳米材料与纳米技术在印制电路板(PCB)基材、工业环保及表面涂覆等方面的应用,并对纳米技术在印制电路板工业中的应用前景进行了分析与展望。     

废旧材料的高温热解回收研究进展

热解是有机物在无氧或缺氧的环境中,通过加热在高温条件下发生分解的反应。废旧材料可以通过热解处理实现资源的循环再利用。废旧材料的高温热解回收不仅能够有效减轻其对环境的污染,而且还可以实现资源的再利用。本文从废旧塑料、废旧塑料/金属复合材料(印刷电路板)、废旧橡胶和生物质四方面分别介绍了高温热解在废旧材料回收利用领域的应用,具体介绍了每种废旧材料的热解过程和热解产物;最后对热解废旧材料的研究所存在的问题和面临的挑战进行了总结和展望,期望对其他废旧材料的高温裂解回收奠定基础。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.