钢丝粘合体系技术的应用与发展

概述子午线轮胎钢丝粘合胶粘合体系的组成及发展情况.近年来粘合体系构成在本质上没有太大变化,但粘合剂质量有了显著提高,新品种不断涌现.分别介绍间苯二酚给予体、亚甲基给予体、白炭黑和钴盐的品种、应用及发展,为配方设计人员正确选择粘合体系和粘合剂品种提供参考.     

新型HMMM粘合树脂

新型ＨＭＭＭ粘合树脂英国《欧洲橡胶杂志））１９９６年１７８卷２期２２页报道：．Ｃｙｔｅｋ公司的新型ＣｙｒｅｚＣＲＡ－１００ＲＰＣ帘线粘合树脂使用一种独特的白炭黑载体，降低了粉尘量，提高了分散性，改善了流动性。Ｃｙｒｅｚ是一种亚甲基给予体，化学名称为六...     

新型粘合剂AS—88在钢丝绳芯输送带中的应用

ＡＳ－８８是新型的间甲白体系粘合剂。在钢丝绳芯输送带中间胶配方中，以粘合剂ＡＳ－８８代替传统粘合剂Ａ，ＲＥ与环烷酸钴，硼酰化钴并用体系，经过配方优选，并控制胶料混炼工艺及压片温度等工艺参数，可获得拉伸强度，扯断伸长率，耐老化性能优良的中间胶。镀锌钢丝绳与胶料具有优异的初始粘附强度和较高的老化后粘附强度保持率，从而使钢丝绳芯输送带内在质量上了一新台阶，并有效地降低了生产成本，具有显著的经济效益。     

骨架材料与橡胶的粘合技术及其新进展

评述纤维和钢骨架材料与橡胶的粘合技术（包括粘合剂配合，粘合工艺及相关理论）及其近年来的新进展，指出间甲白粘合体系和有机钴盐粘合剂仍然是主导粘合剂，由于环保原因。粘合体系变化有：亚甲基给予体六甲氧基甲基蜜胺将逐渐取代甲醛给予体六亚甲基四胺；间苯二酚-甲醛预缩合树脂型间苯二酚给予体将取代毒性较大，特别是单体型间苯二酚给予体；硬脂酸钴将逐渐被淘汰；过硫化稳定剂HTS将用于粘合体系中；在含白炭黑的粘合胶料中，硅烷偶联剂将得到更大应用。     

应用复合钴盐的胎圈钢丝胶配方的研制

应用复合钴盐粘合剂对各配合体系进行优选，研制出性能良好的胎圈钢丝胶配方。采用ＲＣ－Ｓ９．５的配方提高了硫化胶与钢丝的粘合力，粘合强度由５９９Ｎ·（５０ｍｍ）￣（－１）提高到９７１Ｎ·（５０ｍｍ）￣（－１）；硫化胶老化前压缩永久变形由４５％降至１２％；压缩疲劳生热由４４℃降至２８．２℃；混炼胶和硫化胶的喷霜现象也得以减少。     

镧系金属化合物催化苯乙烯和双烯烃的共聚──苯乙烯和异戊二烯共聚合制备高顺式－1，4嵌段共聚物

采用稀土催化体系Ｎｄ（Ｆ_３ＣＯ_２）_３－ＢｒＣ_５Ｈ_（１１）－Ｒ_ｍＡｌＨ_（３－ｍ）（Ｎｄ－Ｂｒ－Ａｌ），以甲苯为溶剂，在５０℃恒温水浴中进行苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）和异戊二烯（Ｉｐ）共聚合。结果表明，由Ａｌ（Ｏｃｔ）－３组成的催化体系可制备以顺式－１，４结构为主的共聚物；在后者组成的催化体系中，当Ａｌ／Ｎｄ＝５（摩尔比，下同），Ｂｒ／Ｎｄ＝５时，聚合活性最高。经ＩＲ，ＮＭＲ检测表征了共聚物的微观结构。同时，用π－烯丙基型配位机理和返扣配位机理对实验结果进行了定性解释。     

三种粘合剂在氟橡胶与金属粘合试验中的对比

应用粘合剂ＦＺ－１，Ｃｈｅｍｏｌｋ６０７和ＡＰＭ对国产和意大利产氟橡胶胶料与金属骨架进行粘合试验。粘附扯离强度试验表明，粘合剂ＦＺ－１是氟橡胶与金属粘合的优良粘合剂；意大利产氟橡胶与金属的粘合效果优于国产氟橡胶，氟橡胶的彩色胶料与金属粘合较之其黑色胶料易于粘合；双酚ＡＦ／促进剂ＰＰＣ作硫化体系的氟橡胶胶粘与金属粘合较之用３＃硫化剂的胶料更易于粘合。     

影响橡塑整芯难燃输送带粘合强度的因素

研究了乳液法ＰＶＣ（简称乳ＰＶＣ）、悬浮法ＰＶＣ（简称悬ＰＶＣ）和粘合剂用量、阻燃增塑剂、带芯含棉量等因素对橡塑整芯难燃输送带粘合性能的影响。结果表明，在覆盖胶中可用２０～２５份乳ＰＶＣ等量替代ＣＲ／ＮＢＲ／氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）（４０／４０／２０）配方体系中的ＮＢＲ，也可用４０～６０份悬ＰＶＣ等量替代ＮＢＲ配方体系中的ＮＢＲ；浸渍液中增塑剂选择ＺＲＳ５０／ＤＯＰ／４２％氯化石蜡并用最适宜；覆盖胶中加入粘合剂Ａ，可提高粘合强度，用量宜为１５～２５份；带芯含棉量为３０％～４０％较为合理。     

橡胶—金属硫化型粘合剂QZ—1

研制了一种ＮＢＲ酚醛树脂型粘合剂,可应用于ＮＢＲ、ＡＣＭ与金属硫化粘合。ＮＢＲ和ＸＮＢＲ都可作为生胶与酚醛树脂共混。炭黑和白炭黑均可作为补强剂,用来制造黑白２种粘合剂。试验表明,该种粘合体系优于单纯酚醛树脂为基的硫化型粘合剂,且不需高温固化,经济实用     

AS／MBS／NBR共混体系研究

本文研究了ＡＳ／ＭＢＳ／ＮＢＲ共混体系的性能与组成比，形态结构的关系；考察了ＭＢＳ及ＮＢＲ牌号，成型加工温度对共混物性能的影响。结果表明，对于ＡＳ树脂，ＭＢＳ与ＮＢＲ之间存在强烈的同增韧效应，当总弹性体含量为３０％时，ＭＢＳ与ＮＢＲ配比在１／１１－１／１如此宽的范围内，共混物均具有优异的冲击韧性，且变化不大，其数值在６８７－７１３Ｊ／ｍ之间；共混物同时具有良好的综合性能。     

聚醚环酰胺类键合剂与HMX粘附性能的研究

采用扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT—IR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）差示扫描量热法（DSC）等分析技术对3种聚醚环酰胺键合剂包覆HMX晶体后的性能进行了表征。实验表明,聚醚环酰胺类键合剂不仅对HMX具有良好的粘附性能,而且与HMX有较好的相容性,从而证实聚醚环酰胺类作为HMX键合剂的有效性。     

Effect of bonding agents on natural rubber–aluminium powder composites

The effects of various bonding agents, namely the hexamethylene tetramine-resorcinol system (HR), bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulphide (Si-69), cobalt naphthenate (CoN), and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), on the mechanical properties of aluminium powder-filled natural rubber composites have been investigated. Studies were done both as a function of the bonding agent by keeping the loading of aluminium powder constant and as a function of the aluminium powder loading along with the bonding agents. Shore A hardness, rebound resilience, heat build-up, etc., are increased by the use of bonding agents, due to the improved adhesion between the natural rubber and aluminium powder. The addition of a bonding agent minimizes the DIN abrasion loss and percentage of compression set. The tensile properties can also be improved by adding bonding agents. Of the various bonding agents used in this study, the silane coupling agent (Si-69) and the hexamethylene tetramine-resorcinol (HR) system were found to be better for natural rubber-aluminium powder composites.     

Methods for improving the performance of silane coupling agents

The use of silane coupling agents in mineral- and glass-reinforced composites is well known. They impart improved initial mechanical properties, but, more importantly, they cause mechanical properties to be retained during the use of the composite. The main cause of loss of mechanical properties is attack of water at the interface. Recent research has focused on imparting more durable bonding of the silane coupling agent to both the polymer and the reinforcement. Improved silane coupling agent systems have been developed by utilizing several techniques: blends of hydrophobic silanes with hydrophilic silanes to give greater hydrophobic character; use of 1,2-bis-(trimethoxysilyl)ethane as an additive to give increased siloxane crosslinking; use of more thermally stable silanes such as phenyltrimethoxysilane and N-[2-(vinylbenzylamino)-ethyl]-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to give increased thermal stability; and the use of a carboxy-functional silane with a carboxy-functional polymer and zinc salt to give ionomer bonds at the interface. The effectiveness of these new coupling agent systems was tested by measuring the flexural strength of composites and the adhesion strength of coatings on inorganic substrates. The results show that composites have increased flexural strength and better strength retention during thermal aging; coatings have greater adhesion strength; there is greater resistance of interfacial bonding to degradation by moisture; and thermoplastic composites have better properties after high shear processing.     

Effects of Bonding Agents on the Mechanical Properties of the Composites Made of Natural Rubber and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

The effects of various bonding agents on natural rubber-oil palm wood flour (OPWF) composites were studied. Results indicate that the maximum torque increases with increasing OPWF loading and the incorporation of various bonding agents. Compared to the composite without a bonding agent, the incorporation of bonding agents improves the tensile modulus, tear strength, tensile strength, and hardness of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy studies and rubber-fiber interaction measurements indicate that the OPWF-rubber adhesion can be enhanced by the use of bonding agents.     

偶联剂对改性聚硫密封剂粘接性能的影响

以改性液体聚硫橡胶为基胶,研究了硅烷偶联剂WD-50及螯合型钛酸酯偶联剂作为填料表面处理剂、直接加入密封剂体系、配制成粘接底胶及以上3种方式兼用对改性聚硫密封剂粘接性能的影响。结果表明,作为填料表面处理剂及直接添加到密封剂中都可以提高密封剂的剥离强度及内聚破坏率;配制成粘接底胶可以提高密封剂的内聚破坏率;采用WD-50作为轻质碳酸钙表面处理剂、同时在密封剂中加入一定量WD-50,并以WD-50和螯合型钛酸酯复合作为底胶可以使改性聚硫密封剂获得更理想的粘接性能。     

Effect of Bonding Agent on the Mechanical Properties of GAP High‐Energy Propellant

Three kinds of bonding agent were chosen to improve the mechanical properties of GAP high‐energy composite propellant based on GAP, BuNENA, HMX, AP, and Al. These bonding agents are N,N ′‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) dimethylhydantoin and 1,3,5‐trisubstituted isocyanurates (BA1), cyano‐hydroxylated amines (BA2), and hyperbranched polyether with terminal groups substituted by hydroxyl, cyano and ester functional groups (BA3). To study the interaction between bonding agents and oxidizers, the effect of coating by bonding agents on the characteristic absorption peaks of AP and HMX were first studied by infrared spectroscopy. Then the effect of bonding agents on the adhesion work between oxidizers and binder system were determined. The results showed that BA2 has the strongest interaction with AP, whereas BA1 and BA3 have relatively strong interaction with HMX. The AP grain coated by BA2 has the strongest adhesion work to the binder system, and there is not much difference in the values of adhesion work towards binder system of three coated HMX grains. At last the three bonding agents were added to GAP propellant, which has a theoretical specific impulse of 276.03 s. When the three kinds of bonding agent was used alone, the sense of “dewetting” in propellant was relieved but still existed. The combination of BA2 to BA1 or BA3 improved the adhesions between oxidizers and binder system effectively, and the mechanical properties of GAP propellant reached to δ _m=0.69 MPa, ϵ _b=32.7 %.     

水环境下环氧树脂固化体系的性能研究

将环氧树脂E—44与多种水下固化剂配合,详细研究了固化剂粘度、固化E44的凝胶时间、拉伸性能和粘接钢片的拉伸剪切强度。进一步与增韧剂配合,研究了增韧剂用量和粘接环境对粘接性能的影响。     

偶联剂对玻纤增强PF尼龙界面和性能的影响

研究了几种硅烷偶联剂、酞酸酯偶联剂对玻纤中ＰＦ尼龙界面粘结状态和力学性能的影响，结果表明，所用的几种偶联剂均有效地改善了界面粘结状况，并提高了玻纤增强ＰＦ尼龙的力学性能，其中以氨基硅烷偶联剂的效果最佳。     

Modification of a nitrile-phenolic bonding agent by addition of an interfacial agent: effect on the practical adhesion between nitrile rubber and metal

—The mechanism of vulcanization bonding of a nitrile rubber (NBR) elastomer to metal with a single-coat nitrile-phenolic bonding agent is discussed. A nitrile-phenolic bonding agent consisting of NBR, phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin, and vulcanizing agents was modified with an interfacial agent (p-cresol formaldehyde resin) and the effect of interfacial agent addition on the practical adhesion between metal and the NBR elastomer after vulcanization was investigated. The adhesion strength was measured in terms of the metal-to-NBR elastomer peel strength using the bonding agent. The addition of p-cresol formaldehyde (PCF) resin to the bonding agent with a proportionate reduction of PF resin initially improved the peel strength; a maximum was reached at about 20% PCF content and then decreased with a further increase in the PCF content. The improvement in peel strength produced by the addition of PCF resin is attributed to the increased chemical bonding between NBR and the phenolic resin. The drop in peel strength above 20% PCF content is explained by the increased diffusion of the bonding agent into the NBR elastomer, away from the bond line, leading to a starved glue line. The mechanism for the optimum performance at about 20% PCF resin content is believed to be due to the balance of diffusion and chemical crosslinking.     

Effect of bonding agents on styrene butadiene rubber–aluminum powder composites

Effects of various bonding agents—such as the hexamethylene tetramine–resorcinol system (HR), bis[3‐ (triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetra sulfide (Si‐69), and cobalt naphthenate (CoN)—on the mechanical properties of aluminum powder filled styrene butadiene rubber composites were studied, giving emphasis on concentration of bonding agent and loading of aluminum powder. Shore A hardness, modulus, tensile strength, tear strength, heat buildup, etc., were increased by the loading of aluminum powder, and the presence of bonding agents again increased these properties. Rebound resilience and elongation at break were decreased by the addition of aluminum powder. Equilibrium swelling studies showed an improved adhesion between aluminum powder and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in presence of bonding agents. Among the various bonding agents used in this study, silane coupling agent (Si‐69) and hexamethylene tetramine–resorcinol (HR) system were found to be better for aluminum powder filled SBR vulcanizates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 519–529, 2002