Interfacial Interactions Between Inclusions Comprising TiO2 or TiN and the Mold Flux During the Casting of Titanium-Stabilized Stainless Steel

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Interfacial properties play a key role in determining the solubility of solids in liquids for both low- and high-temperature processes. In this study,...     

连铸结晶器保护渣渣膜传热特性研究进展

传统保护渣主要以CaO和SiO₂为基料,辅以适量助熔剂如CaF2等构成;而无氟保护渣则是选用B₂O₃、TiO₂等合适的助熔剂来替代CaF₂达到绿色环保的目的。从保护渣的碱度、化学成分和结晶性能三方面,分别综述了传统含氟渣系CaO-SiO₂-CaF₂和新型无氟渣系CaO-SiO₂-B₂O₃、CaO-SiO_2-TiO₂渣膜传热的影响规律,总结了近十年来冶金工作者对含氟和无氟保护渣渣膜传热的研究成果,得出无氟保护渣结晶矿相中硅硼酸钙和钙钛矿与传统保护渣中枪晶石具有相似的结晶行为,B₂O₃和TiO₂的含量在4%~8%和3%~11%可有效控制传热,从而减少铸坯纵裂纹的发生。并提出了开发新型高效无氟保护渣的进一步研究方向,即无氟渣中氟化物替代物的迁移赋存规律对渣膜传热性能的影响机理。     

Numerical Simulation of the Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Steel Slab Continuous Casting Mold With EMBR

Three-dimensional mathematical model coupling of the molten steel flow and heat transfer in the slab continuous casting mold and secondary cooling zone is established to describe molten steel flow and heat transfer phenomena in the slab continuous casting mold with EMBR.The computational model is applied to investigate the flow field and temperature field in slab mold contrast with and without a constant EMBR,which strength measured at a steel plant.The study shows that The EMBR has not changed the mold steel flow field characteristic.But it has reduced the intensity of the upper and downer recirculation in the mold,reduced the speed of the upper recirculation zone,increase the free surface temperature which is compared to the state without EMBR.     

薄板坯连铸无取向电工钢用保护渣的研究

针对薄板坯连铸无取向电工钢钢种及相应的结晶器保护渣特点,分析了保护渣理化性能与无取向电工钢增碳及浇注过程中结晶器热流的关系.研究发现,通过降低渣中配碳量(w(C)＜2%),并控制液渣层厚度保持在5～10 mm等方法,可有效防止保护渣引起的增碳;通过调整保护渣理化性能即降低保护渣的碱度和熔化温度的方法,可以提高无取向电工钢浇注过程中的结晶器热流,获得能够实现浇注过程中热流稳定、不引起增碳、板卷质量良好的无取向电工钢结晶器保护渣理化性能指标.     

不锈钢板坯凝固传热数学模型

研制了不锈钢板坯连铸凝固传热数学模型,用以预报连铸各参数的冶金效果,如铸坯的温度场、液芯长度、凝固坯壳的厚度等,模型具有多功能性。经生产应用验证,模型具有实用性。     

钢的连铸过程结晶器与铸坯之间的传热分析

针对连铸过程中的结晶器传热模型，分析总结了结晶器与坯壳之间的热阻构成，并研究了结晶器壁和坯壳界面热流的影响因素，为传热模型的求解和结晶器锥度的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

提高亚包晶钢板坯拉速对结晶器传热的影响

通过对提高亚包晶钢AQ钢种230 mm×1200 mm板坯拉速试验过程中结晶器冷却水参数、铜板测温等数据进行适时记录,并与数学模型及ANSYS商业软件相结合,研究了提高拉速对结晶器平均热流、局部热流、铜板温度场以及坯壳厚度的影响。结果表明,拉速由1.3m/min提高到1.5m/min时,平均热流增加0.1 MW/m²左右,宽边弯月面区域局部热流增加0.13 MW/m²,但均在合理范围内,这与采用高碱度高结晶温度的试验保护渣有关;结晶器窄/宽面平均热流比超过0.9,应适当减少结晶器锥度;宽面坯壳厚度平均减薄4 mm左右,应严格控制结晶器传热强度,以保证连铸工艺稳定和铸坯质量。     

连铸结晶器保护渣对超低碳钢增碳的影响

分析了连铸结晶器保护渣引起超低碳钢铸坯增碳的原因。强调指出，除了富集碳层外，含有碳的熔渣层也是引起铸坯增碳不可忽视的原因。并阐述了铸坯增碳的机理，提出了防止铸坯增碳的措施     

圆坯连铸结晶器热流研究

 对圆坯连铸结晶器平均热流和局部热流进行了研究。分析了拉速、电磁搅拌电流和弯月面波动等工艺参数对结晶器局部热流(高热流区热流)和平均热流的影响。结果表明：拉速为14~26 m/min,搅拌电流在200~320 A时,局部热流与平均热流变化趋势不完全一致。局部热流对工艺参数反应敏感,传热极不均匀;平均热流不能完全反映局部热流的变化,局部热流能更及时地反映坯壳的凝固情况。     

宝钢3号板坯连铸结晶器传热行为的模拟研究

通过建立传热模型,研究了板坯结晶器的传热行为.模型的建立考虑到结晶器内湍流运动对过热度分布的影响,提出了耦合流场和温度场求解坯壳热流密度,并将其导入传热模型计算的方法.模型包括凝固坯壳,结晶器缝隙和铜板的传热,其中计算结晶器缝隙间热量传递过程中,综合考虑了振痕、固渣层、液渣层和气隙对传热的影响,并做了相应处理.模型能根据不同的生产工艺(不同断面形状和尺寸、拉速等),对凝固坯壳厚度,表面温度,结晶器铜板温度,冷却水温差,以及结晶器理想锥度等进行计算.结合宝钢3号连铸机结晶器生产数据,对模型进行了验证,所得计算结果符合实际测量值.     

Study of the Effects of the Mold Surface and Solid Mold Flux Crystallization on Radiative Heat Transfer Rates in Continuous Casting

Radiative heat transfer plays a crucial role in the meniscus area of a steel continuous casting machine. However, the study of radiation across the mold flux and copper molds is very difficult due to the harsh environment and highly transient nature of the phenomena in continuous casting molds. By using an infrared radiation emitter, a radiative heat flux was able to be applied to a copper mold with different top surfaces to observe their effects on the radiative heat transfer. The mold surface was covered with solid slag disk subjected to the radiative heat flux to simulate the radiative heat transfer phenomena in continuous casting. The solid slag disk could either be glass or a mixture of glass and precipitated crystals. The effect of full crystallization of a slag disk was to reduce the heat transfer rate by 20.5%, as compared with a completely glassy sample.     

Heat Transfer and Deformation Behavior of Shell Solidification in Wide and Thick Slab Continuous Casting Mold

With the considerations of the behaviors of shell deformation, mold flux film and air gap dynamic distribution in shell/mold gap, a two dimensional slice-travel transient thermo-mechanical coupled model of simulation shell solidification in wide and thick slab continuous casting mold was developed by using the commercial program ANSYS. The evolutions of strand-mold system thermal behaviors, including the air gap formation and the mold flux film dynamical distribution in shell/mold gap and shell temperature field, and the evolutions of shell deformation and stress distribution of peritectic steel solidified in a 2120 mm wide and 266 mm thick slab continuous casting mold were analyzed. The results show that the air gap formation and the thick mold flux film distribution mainly concentrate in the regions 0–21 mm and 0–7 mm, 0–120 mm and 0–100 mm off the shell wide and narrow faces corners, and thus the hot spots are given rise to form in the regions 15–55 mm and 15–50 mm off the shell wide and narrow face corners. The shell server deformation occurs in the off-corners in the middle and lower parts of the mold. The stress evolution in shell surface is tensile stress, while that in shell solidification front is compressive stress.     

Heat Transfer and Deformation Behavior of Shell Solidification in Wide and Thick Slab Continuous Casting Mold

With the considerations of the behaviors of shell deformation, mold flux film and air gap dynamic distribution in shell/mold gap, a two dimensional slice-travel transient thermo-mechanical coupled model of simulation shell solidification in wide and thick slab continuous casting mold was developed by using the commercial program ANSYS. The evolutions of strand-mold system thermal behaviors, including the air gap formation and the mold flux film dynamical distribution in shell/mold gap and shell temperature field, and the evolutions of shell deformation and stress distribution of peritectic steel solidified in a 2120 mm wide and 266 mm thick slab continuous casting mold were analyzed. The results show that the air gap formation and the thick mold flux film distribution mainly concentrate in the regions 0–21 mm and 0–7 mm, 0–120 mm and 0–100 mm off the shell wide and narrow faces corners, and thus the hot spots are given rise to form in the regions 15–55 mm and 15–50 mm off the shell wide and narrow face corners. The shell server deformation occurs in the off-corners in the middle and lower parts of the mold. The stress evolution in shell surface is tensile stress, while that in shell solidification front is compressive stress.     

中碳钢板坯连铸保护渣的结晶性能

为了解结晶器与坯壳间渣膜的结晶状态，用热丝法熔化性能测定仪对保护渣结晶性能进行研究。结果表明：连续冷却过程中，结晶是在一定温度范围内进行的；冷却速率越大，结晶温度越低；冷却速率超过一定值时，保护渣不结晶。不同温度下的等温实验结果表明：在一定过冷度范围内，保护渣开始结晶；过冷度的大小与结晶开始和结束时间有关；水蒸气可促进保护渣结晶，在不同温度等温时，保护渣结晶开始温度提高，结晶开始时间缩短。     

Delta-Ferrite Distribution in a Continuous Casting Slab of Fe-Cr-Mn Austenitic Stainless Steel

The delta-ferrite distribution in a continuous casting slab of Fe-Cr-Mn stainless steel grade (200 series J4) was analyzed. The results showed that the ferrite fraction was less than 3 pct. The “M” type distribution was observed in the thickness direction. For the distribution at the centerline, the maximum ferrite content was found in the triangular zone of the macrostructure. In addition, in this zone, the carbon and sulfur were severely segregated. Furthermore, an equilibrium solidification calculation by Thermo-Calc® software indicates that the solidification mode of the composition in this triangular zone is the same as the solidification mode of the averaged composition, i.e., the FA (ferrite-austenite) mode. None of the nickel-chromium equivalent formulas combined with the Schaeffler-type diagram could predict the ferrite fraction of the Cr-Mn stainless steel grade in a reasonable manner. The authors propose that more attention should be paid to the development of prediction models for the ferrite fraction of stainless steels under continuous casting conditions.     

含钛不锈钢连铸板坯夹杂物的行为

通过对连铸过程的系统取样,研究了含钛不锈钢中N₂、O₂、Al的变化,以及钢包、中间包、结晶器和铸坯中夹杂物类型、数量、尺寸和分布。并讨论了铸坯中夹杂物的来源和防止对策。     

A 3D Mathematical Modeling on Meniscus Solidification and Heat Transfer in Continuous Casting Chamfered Mold of Slab

Herein, a 3D mathematical model is established to elucidate the meniscus solidification and heat transfer in the chamfered mold. The fluid flow, heat transfer, the solidification of steel, the oscillation of the mold, and the steel–slag interfacial tension are considered, and the meniscus behavior on different longitudinal sections and cross sections is discussed. Under the influence of the upper roll flow, the height of the steel level increases from submerged entry nozzle to narrow face, which affects the distribution of the oscillation mark on the surface of the shell. With the mold chamfer and two new corners, the thickness of the slag film at the corner 1 with angle of 123.7° is the largest, and the shell thickness is the smallest, which is related to the 3D profile of the meniscus near the corner. The largest heat flux is located at 10–14 mm below the initial level of liquid steel and is below 3.0 MW m⁻². The heat flux at the corner 1 with small obtuse angle is the smallest on the same cross section, indicating that small obtuse angle near the corner resulted in the low heat transfer.     

连铸保护渣性能与钢种、工艺参数关系的初探

从低、中、高碳钢等钢种本身性能及凝固收缩特点出发研究了不同钢种用保护渣性能特点,并分析了拉速、铸坯断面形状、尺寸及结晶器振动特性等连铸工艺参数对保护渣性能的要求,找出了不同钢种及工艺条件对保护渣性能设计的特点。     

不锈钢板坯连铸中包水模实验及应用

为减少不镑钢连铸坯中夹杂物的数量，开展了不锈锅板坯连铸中包水槌实验。在水模实验的基础上．进行了连铸中包控流装置的生产试验。试验表明，中包控流装置可以比较有效地去除钢中大颗粒非金属夹杂物.