碱溶性光敏树脂的合成工艺研究

以环氧大豆油、丙烯酸和马来酸酐为原料,采用两步法合成了碱溶性光敏树脂。研究了反应温度、催化剂、阻聚剂等因素对合成过程和产物的影响。研究结果表明最佳反应工艺条件是反应温度115℃,催化剂为N,N-二甲基苄胺,用量1.5%,阻聚剂为对羟基苯甲醚,用量0.2%。树脂和酸酐的比值大于1∶0.6时,产品具有良好的碱溶性。     

涂料用水溶性光敏树脂的制备及性能

以含环氧基的光敏性丙烯酸酚醛环氧树脂为原料合成了一种可以在 1 %的碳酸钠溶液中溶解的光敏性酚醛环氧树脂 (AAFEE) ,研究了该树脂的合成条件及工艺。发现当反应温度为 95°C、选用溴化季铵盐作为反应的催化剂、反应时间为 3h可获得在低浓度碱溶液中溶解的涂料用树脂(AAFEE)。当树脂中 n(环氧基 )∶n(羟基 )∶n(琥珀酸酐 ) =3∶ 7∶ 6、3∶ 7∶ 5时 ,以此树脂制备的涂料具有优良的力学性能。光敏实验证明 ,AAFEE树脂中的碳碳双键具有较高的光学反应活性 ,光照 1 5s后转化率可达 60 %以上。     

准水溶性光敏环氧酚醛树脂的合成

用二甲苯胺取代溴化季胺盐作催化剂、用甲苯部分取代二氧六环做溶剂合成了准水溶性丙烯酸改性光敏酚醛树脂。实验发现,含31％（质量分数）二氧六环的混合溶剂体系有利于反应的进行,当n（环氧基）:n（丙烯酸）:n（羧基）=50∶50∶49时,其树脂能溶于1％的碳酸钠溶液;当交联体系中活性稀释剂的碳碳双键数与树脂中碳碳双键数相近、m（树脂）∶m（马来酸酐）=239∶1时,漆膜的性能最佳,可耐温230℃并具有其他优良性能。     

油酸改性MPA山梨醇树脂的合成与结构表征

以马来海松酸酐 (MPA)和山梨醇 (S)、乙二醇 (EG)、油酸 (OA)制备油酸接技MPA山梨醇树脂 ,研究了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂对产品收率的影响。结果表明 :在n(MPA)∶n(S)∶n(EG)∶n(OA) =1 0∶1 0 2∶1 12∶2 1,反应温度为 2 2 0℃ ,反应时间 3 5h ,w (复合催化剂 ) =0 5 %的最佳合成工艺条件下 ,得到产率为 89%、软化点为 48℃的产品 ,最后用FTIR、1H NMR、TGA、DSC等测试技术 ,确认产品为油酸MPA山梨醇树脂 ,它具有良好的耐热性能。     

水性光敏酚醛环氧树脂的合成

用丙烯酸和琥珀酸酐对F-44酚醛环氧树脂进行改性，合成了一种水性光敏酚醛环氧树脂。研究了催化剂种类及反应时间对反应的影响，以及原料配比对改性树脂水溶性和力学性能的影响，提出了最佳的合成工艺条件。结果发现当投料比n（环氧基）：n（丙烯酸）：n（琥珀酸酐）=1：0．5：0．5，该树脂可溶于质量分数为5％的Na2CO3水溶液中，并且具有优良的光敏性和力学性能。     

水溶性乙二胺扩链光敏酚醛环氧树脂的合成及性能

以乙二胺扩链光敏酚醛环氧树脂为原料合成了一种可以在质量分数为0 2%的Na2CO3水溶液中具有最佳溶解性能的光敏酚醛环氧树脂。研究了该树脂的合成条件及工艺,发现当乙二胺扩链树脂∶马来酸酐∶浓硫酸为9g∶6 25g∶0 625mL时,酯化反应速率较快。研究发现该反应明显受到搅拌条件的影响,快速搅拌能提高反应速率;合成的树脂具有良好的储藏稳定性,在40～50℃的条件下储藏1周树脂性能无变化。     

UV固化萜烯聚酯丙烯酸酯的合成研究

以松节油-马来酸酐(TMA)、一缩乙二醇(DEG)、邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)、丙烯酸(AA)为主要原料合成了涂料用紫外光固化(UV)萜烯聚酯丙烯酸酯(TPEA)预聚物。通过分子质量、酯化率及涂膜性能测试以及GPC,TG分析以考察了原料物质的量比、合成工艺、反应温度等对TPEA树脂合成及涂膜性能的影响。结果表明,适宜的工艺条件为:TPEA酯化反应温度125℃,n(TMA)∶n(DEG)∶n(PA)∶n(AA)=1∶2.2∶0.5∶2,采用两步法,制备出的TPEA树脂综合性能较好。     

水溶性甲基丙烯酸改性光敏酚醛环氧树脂的制备及性能

以含环氧基的光敏性甲基丙烯酸酚醛环氧树脂为原料合成了一种可以在质量分数为1%的碳酸钠溶液中溶解的含环氧基的光敏性甲基丙烯酸酚醛环氧树脂(AMAFEE),研究了该树脂的合成条件及工艺.发现当反应温度为95℃、选用溴化季铵盐作为反应的催化剂、反应时间为3 h可获得在低浓度碱溶液中溶解的涂料用树脂AMAFEE.当树脂中投料比n(环氧基)∶n(羟基)∶n(琥珀酸酐)=5∶5∶5时,以此树脂制备的涂料具有优良的力学性能.光敏实验证明,AMAFEE树脂中的碳碳双键具有较高的光学反应活性,光照15 s后转化率可达60%以上.     

阳离子交换树脂催化合成丙烯酸环己酯

以丙烯酸和环己烯为原料,磺酸基苯乙烯系强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂合成丙烯酸环己酯,考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、烯酸摩尔比、反应时间对酯化反应的影响.结果表明,合成丙烯酸环己酯的最佳条件为:反应温度85℃,催化剂质量分数5%,n(酸)∶n(烯)=2∶1,反应时间5h.在最佳工艺条件下,环己烯转化率为87.2%,丙烯酸环...     

水解聚马来酸酐的合成

以水为溶剂,以Fe2+、Cu2+以及金属M氧化物的混合物为催化剂,以30%的过氧化氢为引发剂,合成了分子量在700以上的水解聚马来酸酐;以阻垢率为指标确定了催化剂、引发剂的量及反应温度等合成条件,实验结果表明,当m(Fe2+)∶m(Cu2+)=2∶1,m(Fe2++Cu2+)∶m(马来酸酐)=5∶106～7∶106,m(金属M氧化物)∶m(马来酸酐)=2∶105时,反应温度105℃,反应时间4～5 h,产品性能最好;产品质量浓度为10 mg/L时,阻垢率达40%以上,阻垢性能优于同类市场商品。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。