Differential thermal analysis (DTA) on the reaction mechanism in Fe–Ti–B4C system

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was undertaken to determine the reaction mechanism in the Fe–Ti–B₄C system under argon. When the mixtures were heated to about 786 °C, Fe₂B and C appeared as a result of Fe reacting with B₄C. As the temperature continued to increase, FeTi formed by an interdiffusion between Fe and Ti. When the mixtures were heated to 1089 °C, FeTi reacted with Ti, leading to the formation of a Fe–Ti melt, into which the displaced C and B from B₄C dissolve, forming a Fe–Ti–C–B melt. Finally, when the concentration of C and B attained a certain value, Ti reacted with C and B, yielding TiC and TiB₂ in the melt, and simultaneously considerable heat released.     

DYNAMIC MODEL AND SIMULATION OF EAF STEELMAKING PROCESS

Based on mass and energy balances and theories of thermodynamics and kinetics, a dynamic model in conjunction with relative operation parameters was derived. With this model, the EAF process in later stage of scarp melting was dynamically described, including time dependent variations of bath temperature, slag quantity, compositions of steel, slag and off-gas, etc. Steelmaking process in a domestic 100 ton UHP AC EAF was chosen as a computational example, and the simulated variations of temperature of hot metal and element contents was shown consistent with the actual process measurements within average error scopes of |△T| <15K, |[△A%C]| ≤ 0.036, |[△%Si]|≤0.00027, |[△%Mn]|≤0.002, |[△%P]|≤0.00089 and |[△%S]|≤0.001 respectively at the test points. The model will be extended to predict the whole production process including scrap melting procedure and evaluate its energy and material consumption, the production efficiency, etc., which will provide assistance for the improvement of EAF operation     

钛-钢爆炸复合板热处理过程中的扩散行为及数学模型

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、俄歇电子能谱分析仪和拉剪实验,研究了不同的热处理加热温度和保温时间对钛-钢爆炸复合板界面组织特征和性能的影响。热处理温度为750、850、950℃,保温时间为30、60、120 min。结果表明:热处理过程加速了组织转变和界面元素扩散。界面元素扩散主要形成的化合物为Ti C和Ti-Fe金属间化合物(Fe2Ti/Fe Ti)。随着温度的升高,界面扩散层厚度增加,复合板剪切强度下降。根据实验数据,提出了界面扩散层厚度和剪切强度与加热温度和保温时间的函数关系。     

Thermodynamic properties of LaCrO3

1. Introduction It is known that a lanthanum chromate with perovskite structure with high melting point and chemical stability [1] is a promising candidate base material for solid oxide fuel cells interconnects [2-3] and electrode materials [4]. In order to evaluate the chemical compatibility between a lanthanum chro- mate and other ceramic materials, it is necessary to study the thermodynamic properties of LaCrO3. Na- tsuko Sakai and Svein St?len [5] studied the heat capacity and thermodyna…     

Effect of Manganese substitution on hydrogen storage properties of LaNi4.25-xAl0.75Mnx alloy

The effect of Mn substitution on phase structure, hydrogen hydriding/dehydriding properties (plateau pressure and slope) and reaction heat enthalpy of LaNi4.25-xAl0.75Mnx alloys (x=0, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65) were studied.The experimental results show that all LaNi4.25-xAl0.75Mnx alloys have single phase and have the same hexagonal structure as that of LaNi5 alloy (CaCu5 type, P6/mmm).With increasing Mn substitution content, the cell parameters of LaNi4.25-xAl0.75Mnx alloy greatly increase, but the maximum hydrogen storage capacity and the equilibrium absorption pressure of LaNi4.25-xAl0.75Mnx alloy decrease from 1.38 wt.% to 1.18 wt.% and from 1.61 to 0.0712 MPa, respectively.Moreover, the hydrogen pressure plateau slope factor σ increases from 0.014 to 0.18, but the hysteresis factor is nearly constant.The heat enthalpy absolute value |ΔHplat| increases from 46.7 kJ·mol-1 H2 to 56.1 kJ·mol-1 H2 as the Mn content x increases from 0 to 0.65.     

SiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料界面反应产物的形成序列及扩散路径

通过SiC/Ti6Al4V钛基复合材料的制备及在不同条件下的热处理试验，利用SEM，EDS及XRD分析技术研究复合材料界面反应产物相的形成及反应元素的扩散路径。结果表明：反应元素如C，Ti，Si在界面反应层中出现浓度波动，合金元素Al并没有显著扩散进入界面反应产物层，而是在界面反应前沿堆积，其界面反应产物被确认为Ti3SiC2，TiCx，Ti5Si3C，和Ti3Si；在界面反应初期，存在着TiC＋Ti5Si3Cx双相区，当形成各界面反应产物单相区时，SiC／Ti6Al4V复合材料界面反应扩散的完整路径应为：SiC ｜ Ti3SiC2 ｜ Ti5Si3Cx ｜ TiCx ｜ Ti3Si｜ Ti6Al4V＋TiCx；界面反应产物层的生长受扩散控制，遵循抛物线生长规律，其生长激活能Q^k及k0分别为290.935 kJ·mol^-1,2.49× 10^-2 m·s^-1/2.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND INDENTATION BEHAVIOUR OF MULTILAYER Ti-N FILM

The microstructure of Ti/TiN multilayer film was studied.It was shown by trans-mission electron microscopy of cross-sectional sample and respective secondary neutralsmass-spectroscopy depth profiling that the film has a periodic alternate multilayeredstructure:substrate /FeTi/Ti/Ti_2N/TiN/Ti_2N/Ti/Ti_2N/TiN...Ti/Ti_2N/TiN,whereFeTi and Ti_2N were the transition layers formed during ion plating.Cross-sectionalfracture surface of indentation samples had been obtained and studied with scanningelectron microscopy.It was shown that the multilayer film deformed during indentation,formed an indentation pit and a pile-up of materials around the indentation pit.As theapplied load increased deformation region extended beyond the film/substratc interfaceand into the substrate,the interlayer crack in the film and hole formation at the film/substrate interface were initiated.It is also shown that the multilayered Ti/TiN filmoffered better toughness in comparison with single layer TiN film.     

Crystallization process and shape memory properties of Ti–Ni–Zr thin films

The crystallization process of as-deposited Ti–Ni–(10.8–29.5)Zr amorphous thin films was investigated. The Ti–Ni–Zr as-deposited films with a low Zr content exhibited a single exothermic peak due to the crystallization of (Ti,Zr)Ni with a B2 structure. In contrast, a two-step crystallization process was observed in the Ti–Ni–Zr thin films with a high Zr content. Shape memory behavior of Ti–Ni–Zr thin films heat treated at 873–1073 K was investigated by thermal cycling tests under various stresses. The martensitic transformation start temperature increased with increasing Zr content until reaching the maximum value, then decreased with further increasing Zr content. The inverse dependence of transformation temperature on Zr content in the thin films with a high Zr content is due to the formation of a NiZr phase during the crystallization heat treatment. The formation of the NiZr phase increased the critical stress for slip but decreased the recovery strain.     

Determination of isothermal section of Fe-Ti-Zr ternary system at 1173 K

Phase relations in the Fe-Ti-Zr ternary system at 1173 K were investigated by means of diffusion-triple approach together with electron probe microanalysis（EPMA） technique. A series of tie lines and tie-triangles were determined and the isothermal section at 1 173 K was established, which consists of four three-phase fields： β（Ti, Zr）＋FeZr2＋FeTi, FeZr2＋FeTi＋Fe2Zr, FeTi ＋Fe2Zr ＋Fe2Ti and Fe2Zr ＋Fe2Ti ＋Fe. The results show that the largest solubility of Ti in Fe2Zr is about 11.3 %（mole fraction） and the solid solubility of Ti in FeZr2 is about 26.9%, the solid solubility of Zr in Fe2Ti is about 8.1% and the solid solubility of Zr in FeTi is 7.2%. The binary compound FeZr2 is nearly a linear compound. No ternary compound is found.     

铝热还原酸溶性钛渣制备TiAl基多元合金

对含高钛的酸溶性钛渣进行铝热还原制备钛铝基多元合金。为了控制并了解合金的制备,讨论了铝和氧化钙的添加和温度的影响。通过考虑材料的配比计算,可以成功地使合金与渣合金分离。大多数还原元素的回收率表现为高值,在所有实验条件下均为95%。铝的添加主要影响合金的成分,而氧化钙的添加则通过改变渣系成分来影响渣金分离。此外,系统的温度可以提高大部分还原元素的回收率和分配比。     

活性金属部分瞬间液相连接氮化硅陶瓷的研究

采用Ti/Cu/Ti多层中间层在1273 K温度下进行氮化硅陶瓷部分瞬间液相连接,考察了保温时间对连接强度的影响,并对连接界面进行了SEM,EPMA和XRD分析.结果表明,通过Cu-Ti二元扩散促使液相与氮化硅发生界面反应,形成Si3N4/TiN/Ti5Si3+Ti5Si4+TiSi2/TiSi2+Cu3Ti2(Si)/Cu的梯度层.保温时间影响接头反应层厚度,从而影响接头的连接强度根据活性金属部分瞬间液相连接陶瓷的界面行为,建立了活性金属部分瞬间液相连接陶瓷的理论模型.该模型较好地解释了Ti/Cu/Ti和Ti/Ni/Ti连接氮化硅陶瓷的异同点和连接工艺参数的选择.     

原位合成TiB和TiC增强钛基复合材料热力学

根据热力学理论编程计算了钛与Ｂ４Ｃ反应的反应生成焓ΔＨ与Ｇｉｂｂｓ自由能ΔＧ以及反应式（ｘ＋５）Ｔｉ＋Ｂ４Ｃ＝ｘＴｉ＋４ＴｉＢ＋ＴｉＣ的绝热温度。计算结果表明：钛与Ｂ４Ｃ反应释放出大量热,反应能自发维持,而过量钛与Ｂ４Ｃ反应更易生成ＴｉＢ和ＴｉＣ增强体。由于钛作为稀释剂吸收热量,随着过剩钛含量的增加,反应的绝热温度逐渐下降,过剩钛完全熔解的初始温度逐渐升高。     

Fabrication of Fe-Ti alloys by pulsed current-assisted reaction from iron, manganese and titanium oxide or titanium hydride

Fe-Ti alloys were prepared by applying a pulsed electric current through compacted mixtures of iron, manganese and titanium oxide (with carbon) or titanium hydride (without carbon). After ball milling the mixture into a fine powder, the mixture was heated up to 1373–1573 K in a carbon mold by applying a pulsed electric current, and the temperature was maintained for 3–10 min. When TiO₂ was used as a starting material, TiC was formed. Fe was alloyed into FeTi and Fe₂Ti, with Ti also observed. When the C content was lowered to 8.136 wt%, the remaining C content after pulsed current application decreased to 4.64 wt%. When using TiH₂ as a starting material, Fe was alloyed into FeTi and Fe₂Ti, and Ti, Mn, Fe, and FeMn₂ were also observed. For a Fe-Ti alloy prepared using titanium hydride as a starting material, hydrogen content vs. absorption time curves were obtained at various numbers of cycles and temperatures.     

EFFECT OF CRACK CLOSURE ON SLOW PROPAGATION IN DUAL-PHASE STEEL

The effect of ferrite content in ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel on the initiation and prop-agation of fatigue crack and the plastic deformation at crack tip has been studied.In the rangeof ferrite content from 24.2 to 41.5％,the optimum seems to be 33.8％,of which the crack ini-tiation will be prolonged,the threshold value increased,the propagation rate decreased and theclosure stress intensity factor increased.As the propagation force is described by effectivestress intensity factor,three steels with various ferrite contents will show the same propagationbehaviour on da/dN vs △ K_(eff)curve.It is shown that the closure effect increases with thedecrease in △K at the fatigue crack tip.When △K equals to △K_(th),the closure effect reachesa maximum value of0.7 in a dual-phase steel with 33.8％ferrite.     

脱水天然气输送管道腐蚀失效分析

川东油气田天然气集输管道多次出现管道破裂穿孔管事故,利用Ｘ衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针、热重分析等方法对现场的腐蚀挂片和集输管道中收集的腐蚀产物进行了分析检测,结果表明：集输管道虽然经过三甘醇脱水工工艺处理,仍曹受较严重的Ｈ２Ｓ腐蚀,腐蚀形态主要为局部抗蚀,集输管道中形成的腐蚀产物万分 比较复杂,主要为ＦｅＳ,ＦｅＳ２,Ｆｅ３Ｓ４和Ｆｅ９Ｓ８,同时存在一定量的铁的氧化物和其它化合物;管道中腐蚀产物的热     

热处理对钛-钢爆炸轧制复合板组织和性能的影响（英文）

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度计和拉剪实验,研究不同热处理温度对钛-钢爆炸轧制复合板界面组织特征和性能的影响。热处理温度为650、750、850、950°C,保温时间为60 min。结果表明:热处理过程加速界面元素扩散和组织的转变。随着温度的升高,复合板剪切强度下降。在850°C及以下温度热处理时,扩散反应层形成化合物TiC,剪切强度下降缓慢。当热处理温度超过850°C时,扩散反应层形成大量的Ti-Fe金属间化合物(Fe2Ti/FeTi)及少量的TiC,剪切强度明显下降。     

Effect of the aluminum content on the mechanochemical behavior in ternary system Al–B2O3–C

The effect of aluminum content on the mechanochemical behavior of ternary system Al–B₂O₃–C to fabricate Al₂O₃/B₄C composite was investigated. A mixture of boron oxide powders along with different amounts of aluminum and graphite was activated in a ball mill. The value of Al content varied from 2 mol to 7 mol compared to the stoichiometric mole ratios (4 mol). Thermodynamics evaluation indicates that the value of Al content in the mixture plays a key role and overall reaction enthalpy and adiabatic temperature altered by variation of aluminum and carbon content. Experimental findings revealed that at low aluminum content (2 mol Al), aluminothermic reaction proceeded in gradual mode and no carbothermal reduction took place. Increase in Al content up to 3 mol led to a change in the mode of aluminothermic reaction to MSR (mechanically induced self-propagating reaction) and gradual occurrence of carbothermic reaction. By increasing the amount of Al (10/3–4 mol Al), aluminothermic reaction provided sufficient heat for activating endothermic carbothermic reduction; hence, both reducing reactions happened simultaneously. Further increase in Al content (7 mol Al) led to gradual aluminothermic reaction and excess Al acted as inert matrix.     

Effect of heat treatment temperature on the microstructure and actuation behavior of a Ti–Ni–Cu thin film microactuator

Ti–Ni–Cu/SiO₂ two layer diaphragm-type microactuators were fabricated by sputter deposition and micromachining. The influence of heat treatment temperature on the actuation behavior was investigated under quasi-static conditions. The interfacial structure of Ti–Ni–Cu/SiO₂ and internal structure of the Ti–Ni–Cu layer were also investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The reaction layer formed between the Ti–Ni–Cu and SiO₂ layers, and preferentially grew into the SiO₂ side. The reaction layer formed at 1023 K mainly consisted of Ti₄(Ni,Cu)₂O. The maximum height of the diaphragm decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. The growth of the reaction layer also affected the microstructure of the Ti–Ni–Cu layer. The density of fine platelets and Ti₂Ni precipitates decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature from 873 to 923 K, and they disappeared at 973 K due to the fact that the reaction layer mainly consisted of a Ti-rich phase. The microactuator heat treated at 973 K showed the highest transformation temperature with the lowest transformation temperature hysteresis, which is attractive for high speed actuation.     

DISSOLUTION EQUILIBRIUM OF Mg VAPOUR IN LIQUID Fe

The dissolution equilibrium of magnesium vapour in liguid Fe has been studied in a two-tem- perature-zone furnace at 1600℃ by use of the vapour pressure method.The equilibrium con- stant for the reaction Mg_(g)=[Mg] and the free energy of solution obtained are: K=a_(Mg)/P_(Mg)=0.0236 △G°(wt-%)=58300 J/mol     

EFFECT OF QUENCHING TEMPERATURE ON SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT OF Fe 18Mn 5Si 8Cr 4Ni ALLOY

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