高斯脉冲调制Chirp信号分数阶Fourier变换的解析表示

分数阶Fourier变换是Fourier变换的一种广义形式,揭示了信号从时域到频域变化过程中所呈现的特征,运用FrFT分析Chirp信号具有极佳的能量积聚效果.介绍分数阶Fourier变换的基本定义,给出高斯脉冲Chirp信号的FrFT以及最优化高斯脉冲Chirp信号分析角度,对于该类信号的低噪声检测与参数估计具有良好的应用前景.     

宽带Chirp雷达回波相干积累方法

宽带Chirp雷达经去线性调频处理后的回波特性表明,运动目标回波脉间频率变化率与脉内剩余调频斜率一致。利用分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FrFT)处理Chirp信号的能量集聚性,提出基于FrFT的运动目标宽带Chirp雷达多周期回波相干积累方法。仿真结果表明该方法能实现匀速运动目标宽带雷达多次回波相干积累,并对机动目标的脉间能量相干积累具有较好的适应性。     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的正交多载波水声通信系统研究

针对传统OFDM系统在应对深度频率选择性衰落信道时性能下降和多普勒频偏造成子载波相互干扰的问题,提出采用正交的线性调频(LFM)信号作为载波,基于分数阶Fourier变换(FRFT)的正交多载波水声通信方案。该方案选用相同调频斜率,不同中心频率,频带相互重叠的正交LFM作为子载波进行信息调制,以分数阶Fourier变换作为调制解调方法来传输信息。为应对水声信道的多途效应,采用在数据帧与帧之间插入保护间隔(GI)来减小码间干扰。提出结合QDPSK和分数阶域载波位置修正抑制多普勒效应,简化系统复杂度。该方案最高通信速率可达3.6kbit/s,通过仿真研究和湖试实验验证了该方案的有效性与可行性。     

一体化电子战系统中连续波干扰抑制研究

在雷达信号和通信信号一体化电子战系统中,需要处理的雷达信号和通信信号在时频域都是重叠的,存在很强的时频耦合,给信号检测带来很大的困难。讨论了作为干扰的强通信信号对宽带雷达脉冲信号非协作检测的影响,提出了一种基于分数阶Fourier变换的干扰抑制方法。该方法利用分数阶Fourier变换对不同信号的时域聚集特性,在分数阶Fourier变换域滤除干扰,提高了信号的信干比,改善系统对宽带脉冲的检测性能,该方法对存在多个通信干扰信号时仍然适用。仿真结果表明,该方法对提高系统检测宽带雷达脉冲信号的性能是有效的。     

非均匀采样信号的分数阶数字频谱研究

利用分数阶Fourier变换对实际采样过程中出现的非均匀、非理想采样信号进行了分数阶频谱分析与研究,得到了这类非均匀采样信号在分数阶Fourier变换域的数字频谱表达形式.由此进一步得到了非均匀采样Chirp信号在分数阶域的频谱表达式,并分析了非均匀采样Chirp信号在分数阶Fourier变换域的分数阶频谱性质,最后仿真结果证明了结论的正确性.     

基于改进精估计与FrFT的Chirp信号参数估计

为了解决Chirp信号参数估计在低信噪比下保持高精度等问题,提出了一种基于粗精二次估计的Chirp参数算法。粗估计采用分数阶傅里叶变换（Fractional Fourier Transform,FrFT）,能够在低信噪比下检测到Chirp信号并估计出调频率的范围。同时,提出了一种FrFT插值算法提高FrFT估计中心频率的精度。精估计根据信号能量和周期长度一定时Chirp信号频谱幅度的平方与调频率成反比的特性,不断地用已知Chirp信号的共轭与未知Chirp信号相乘,寻找使相乘后频谱幅度平方最大的已知Chirp信号的调频率。为了提高精估计算法性能,用提出的H-Rife算法估计中心频率和相乘后信号的频谱中最大的幅值。〖JP2〗用二分法代替等步长使精估计在粗估计出的调频率范围内搜索,极大降低了复杂度。在信噪比不小于-10 dB时,该算法估计调频率归一化均方误差（Normalized Mean Square Error,NMSE）较FrFT线性提升,估计中心频率NMSE较FrFT线性提升,接近克拉美罗界。     

基于双通道DFRFT互谱法的Chirp信号时延估计

针对脉冲Chirp类信号的时延估计问题,理论推导了基于离散分数阶Fourier变换的脉冲Chirp信号的特性,分析了当时延参量等效的分数阶Fourier域的频率大于采样率时,脉冲Chirp信号的分数阶Fourier域谱产生混叠,造成时延估计模糊的问题,并提出基于离散分数阶Fourier变换（DFRFT）双通道互谱法进行时延估计,给出两个通道采样率选取的原则及算法的性能分析,实验结果表明,在一定的采样率下,算法能够快速精确地估计脉冲Chirp信号的时延参数.     

基于叠加Chirp信号的载波频率捕获方法研究

以Chirp信号作为参考序列,以弱功率直接与成型滤波后的有用数据叠加,然后经载波调制发送,节约了带宽资源和功率资源。在接收端利用Chirp信号的恒包络性和Chirp信号在相应分数阶傅里叶域的时频聚集特性,对接收信号进行分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT),搜索到峰值坐标、完成Chirp信号参数估计,从而得出载波的多普勒频偏和频偏变化率,完成载波捕获,并抵消掉叠加信号,经仿真验证,该理论方法可行。     

线性调频信号分数阶频谱特征分析

线性调频信号是一种典型的非平稳信号,广泛应用于雷达、声纳、通信等领域.分数阶Fourier变换是一种新兴的时频变换,由于其独特的性质,成为线性调频信号检测与参数估计的一种良好工具.尤其是,作为一种线性变换,分数阶Fourier变换在处理多分量线性调频信号时能够避免交叉项的干扰.但是,多分量线性调频信号在分数阶Fourier域也存在相互影响的问题.为了分析该问题,研究线性调频信号在分数阶Fourier域的频谱分布特征是非常必要的.本文根据分数阶Fourier变换的定义以及分数阶Fourier变换与时频分布的关系,分析了线性调频信号在分数阶Fourier域的频谱分布特征,以及线性调频信号的分数阶频谱分布与分数阶旋转角α的变化关系;根据离散分数阶Fourier变换的实现算法,讨论了线性调频信号在离散分数阶Fourier变换条件下的分数阶频谱的分布特征,以及线性调频信号在分数阶Fourier域的能量谱的近似表达式.最后,利用LFM信号的分数阶频谱的分布特征,分析了多分量LFM信号中的信号尖峰偏移问题,并给出信号尖峰发生偏移的条件.本文为定量分析分数阶Fourier域多分量线性调频信号之间的相互影响奠定了基础,为改善分数阶Fourier变换对多分量线性调频信号的处理能力提供了参考.     

分数阶Fourier变换在深海远程水声通信中的应用

提出深海远程水声通信方案,利用深海声道特性,将通信节点置于声道轴以减小传播损失,提高通信距离.将分数阶Fourier变换(FRFT)应用于水声通信同步检测及Pattern时延差编码(PDS)水声通信体制,可减小多普勒频偏的影响.通过计算机仿真研究表明,分数阶Fourier变换相对于拷贝相关将更适用于存在多普勒频偏的相干多途水声信道条件,有助于实现低误码率通信.     

Wireless Personal Communications: Machine Learning for Big Data Processing in Mobile Internet

Due to the characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel especially the limited bandwidth, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is widely used because of its high spectrum efficiency and ability in anti-multipath fading. However OFDM also has its drawbacks, one of which is the relatively high peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). The problem leads to saturation in the power amplifier and consequently distorts the signal which is not allowed in the underwater acoustic communication. Clipping as the most classic and convenience way is widely applied to address the high PAPR. However, it introduces additional noise that degrades the system performance. In this paper compressed sensing (CS) technique is proposed to mitigate the clipping noise. The scheme exploited pilot tones and data tones instead of reserved tones, which is different from the previous works and causes less loss of data rate. Also, in contrast with previous works, to minimizing the influence of underwater acoustic channel, compressed sensing in channel estimating is also adopted during mitigating the clipping noise, which can provide more accurate channel characteristics for estimating the clipping noise than traditional method such as LS or MMSE. The iterative CS technology proposed in this article can significantly improve the communication quality even in low SNR.     

基于Chebyshev混沌序列的正交宽带调制解调方法

针对常规的相干解调和非相干解调在水声信道通信中可靠性差的问题,文中提出了一种基于Chebyshev混沌序列的正交宽带调制解调方法。该方法基于海洋水声信道环境与传播特点,采用统计特性接近环境噪声且具有尖锐自相关、宽带特性的Chebyshev混沌序列作为信息载体和同步信号,并利用欧氏距离分类器对接收信号进行非相干分类判决解调。该方法可有效抑制水声信道因多途传播而引起的频率选择性衰落和码间干扰,从而更好地实现低信噪比条件下可靠水声通信。仿真实验证明,在-10 dB以上信噪比环境下,文中所提通信方法在具有多途效应的水声信道上具有良好的通信性能。     

基于支持向量机的水声信道盲均衡算法研究

水声信道的带宽极为有限,与需要训练序列的自适应均衡算法相比盲均衡技术节省了带宽,特别适合高速水声通信和多点通信。针对基于高阶统计量的盲均衡算法收敛速度慢的缺点,研究了一种基于支持向量机的盲均衡算法,它收敛速度快并具有全局最优解。通过对浅海信道触发通信信号的计算机仿真,证明了算法的有效性。     

基于声表面波色散延迟线的频谱探测系统

利用声表面波(SAW)技术设计的Chirp变换频谱仪(CTS)具有低功耗、高稳定性等优势,特别适用于深空探测领域。该文提出了一种大带宽的CTS系统。由数模转换器(DAC)和四倍频器产生2 GHz带宽的展宽线Chirp信号,其色散特性与1 GHz带宽的声表面波色散延迟线特性匹配。搭建了实时处理带宽为1 GHz、频率分辨率为100 kHz的频谱分析仪,并对在大带宽下CTS出现的响应不均衡展开探讨。分析了系统各部分对CTS的影响,通过实验验证了响应不均衡出现的原因。测试结果表明,该文设计搭建的1 GHz带宽CTS系统的频率分辨率可达115.512 kHz。     

一种采用高重复频率激光进行水声通信的方法

为研究空中平台与水下目标之间的激光声通信技术,提出了一种热膨胀机制下采用高重复频率激光进行水声通信的方法(重复频率法)。理论推导了高重复频率激光产生窄带声信号的过程,并通过实验测量进行了验证。利用高重复频率激光产生了频移键控(n-FSK)和多频移键控(n-MFSK)两种频移键控信号,结合现有激光器的技术指标,针对不同调制信号的水下通信距离、占用带宽、传输速率进行了分析计算,并与现有的方法(长脉冲法)进行了比较。结果表明,n-MFSK调制的传输速率比n-FSK调制的更快,频带利用率更高,但水下通信距离不及n-FSK调制;同为n-FSK调制,重复频率法的水下通信距离为1000m,比长脉冲法高40%,通信性能优于长脉冲法。     

水下声信号处理与通信技术在海洋环境中的应用

随着人们对海洋资源的不断开发和海洋研究的逐渐深入,水下声信号处理与通信技术在海洋环境中的应用变得日益重要。文中介绍了水下声信号处理与通信技术,明确了各种技术的具体应用。在此基础上,分别从海洋科学研究、海洋资源勘探、海洋军事与国防应用等方面探讨了水下声信号处理与通信技术的具体应用,有助于推动水下声信号处理与通信技术的发展,进而为海洋资源的合理利用与保护提供技术支持。     

Maximizing the data transmission rate of a cooperative relay system in an underwater acoustic channel

In this paper, we investigate the problem of maximizing the data transmission rate of a cooperative relay system in an underwater acoustic communication channel. With amplify‐and‐forward relaying and adaptive source transmission, we present optimal transmit signal power adaptation policies that maximize the data transmission rate, considering both frequency and time domains. The analysis takes into account a physical model of acoustic path loss and ambient noise power spectral density. Typical characteristics of underwater channel such as frequency‐dependent fading and time variations are also considered. Capacity bounds for channel state information (CSI) only at the receiver and CSI at both transmitter and receiver are presented. To maximize the data rate, we use the notion of an optimal bandwidth which corresponds to efficient allocation of signal power across the transmission bandwidth. Under the constraint of an average transmit power, the optimal transmit power adaptation policy is found to be ‘water‐pouring’ in frequency‐time domain, while the transmit power adaptation policy with a total power constraint is ‘water‐pouring’ in frequency domain. Results show that both frequency domain and frequency‐time domain power adaptation schemes provide much greater improvement in average data rate over that of the constant power case. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Overview of networking protocols for underwater wireless communications

Underwater wireless communications can enable many scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, and military applications. Wireless signal transmission is also crucial to remotely control instruments in ocean observatories and to enable coordination of swarms of autonomous underwater vehicles and robots, which will play the role of mobile nodes in future ocean observation networks by virtue of their flexibility and reconfigurability. To make underwater applications viable, efficient communication protocols among underwater devices, which are based on acoustic wireless technology for distances over one hundred meters, must be enabled because of the high attenuation and scattering that affect radio and optical waves, respectively. The unique characteristics of an underwater acoustic channel -- such as very limited and distance-dependent bandwidth, high propagation delays, and timevarying multipath and fading -- require new, efficient and reliable communication protocols to network multiple devices, either static or mobile, potentially over multiple hops. In this article, we provide an overview of recent medium access control, routing, transport, and crosslayer networking protocols.     

Performance evaluation and implementation of convolution coded OFDM modem in wireless underwater acoustic communication

High‐data transmission rate and reliable communication in underwater acoustic channel is challenging because of limited bandwidth, multipath propagation, and Doppler shift, which results in poor bit error performance. Under this constraint, this paper explains the simulation results of underwater wireless acoustic data transmission system by using quadrature phase shift keying modulation with convolution encoder at the transmitter and proposed Viterbi decoder at the receiver. The decoder algorithm in comparison with MATLAB inbuilt function shows asserting improved results. This paper evaluates the performance of convolution coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modem, which is studied over typical underwater channel through an extensive computer simulation and a semirealistic experimentation. The performance of convolution coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system is measured in time domain plots, bit error rate curves, and number of bit errors per frame over additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh channel conditions.     

CSS-BOK的匹配滤波接收研究

高速无线通信系统中,Chirp信号作为一种新的超宽带信号,既能实现高速数据传输,又能满足精确定位的要求。借助MATLAB仿真工具,阐述Chirp信号的时频特性以及匹配滤波过程,利用Chirp信号匹配滤波后的压缩特性,对匹配滤波进行仿真。仿真结果显示Chirp信号经匹配滤波器后脉冲宽度被大大压缩,信噪比得到显著提高,与理论分析相吻合。设计了Chirp信号超宽带无线通信系统,仿真得到在AWGN下匹配滤波接收的系统误码率与信噪比关系图,分析了将线性调频扩频CSS（Chirp Spread Spectrum）技术应用到高速无线超宽带通信中的可行性。