采用不同膨胀机构的跨临界CO2循环性能分析

运用热力学第一定律和第二定律对跨临界CO2基本循环、膨胀机循环、喷射器循环和涡流管循环进行了分析,计算了各循环各个部件的损失,比较了各循环性能系数和总损失。计算结果表明,采用膨胀机、喷射器和涡流管等膨胀设备代替基本循环中的节流阀后,由于这些改进膨胀设备的损失小于基本循环节流阀的损失,同时改进循环中压缩机的损失小于基本循环的压缩机损失,从而减小了循环总损失,提高了循环的COP。膨胀机循环的COP远大于其它跨临界CO2循环,其次为喷射器循环和涡流管循环。     

CO2制冷系统的最优高压压力研究

运用热力学模型分析气体冷却器出口温度、蒸发温度、压缩机效率、过热度和膨胀机效率等参数对最优高压压力的影响。结果表明，气体冷却器出口温度、过热度和膨胀机效率对最优高压压力的影响较为明显。最后还对几种关于CO2循环最优高压压力的关联式进行对比分析。     

二氧化碳膨胀机研究新进展

在综述国内外CO2膨胀机的研究现状，分析现有膨胀机技术特点的基础上，提出了CO2膨胀机研究中存在的问题。指出在CO2膨胀机的研究中，应该充分考虑CO2跨临界循环膨胀做功的特点，尽量减少其摩擦、泄漏及余隙容积损失，设计更为合理的进出口控制，促使CO2膨胀机的效率得到进一步提高。     

跨临界CO2滑片膨胀机的研究与开发

从结构设计到样机加工阐述一种滑片膨胀机的设计开发过程，并对开发的滑片膨胀机中摩擦、泄漏、膨胀功回收及轴封设计等几个重要的问题进行讨论。     

CO2双缸滚动活塞膨胀机的实验研究

通过实验研究分析了CO2双缸滚动活塞膨胀机的中间通道对其效率及膨胀比的影响。对CO2双缸滚动活塞膨胀机的中间通道进行了改进,同时减小了中间通道的长度和直径,并进行了相关实验,结果表明:膨胀机的入口最优工况为26℃,6.5MPa,回收功率最高达到200W,效率最高达到42.3%。在各种实验工况下,测得的膨胀比已经达到了2.2左右,已经比较接近CO2双缸滚动活塞膨胀机的设计膨胀比2.5,但仍有改进的空间。     

CO2跨临界膨胀机的开发与实验研究

作为自然工质，CO2制冷系统越来越受到关注，然而目前CO2跨临界循环研究面临的最大问题是如何提高系统效率，使之能与普通工质循环竞争。为降低CO2跨临界循环的节流损失，开发膨胀机代替节流阀是研究的重要方向。文中给出开发CO2滚动活塞膨胀机的依据，以及在设计过程中需解决的吸气控制系统、泄漏和摩擦等问题采取的措施，同时建立CO2跨临界循环系统带膨胀机系统的实验装置，并对CO2滚动活塞膨胀机进行实验研究，发现膨胀机的输出功与负载有关，同时得出膨胀机的最高效率可达到32％以上，进一步的改进工作仍在进行。     

提高CO2跨临界循环效率的方法

针对CO2跨临界循环的特征,阐述了几种提高循环效率的方法,其中包括采用涡流管或者膨胀机代替膨胀阀,采用两级压缩、中间冷却技术等等.论述了涡流管代替膨胀阀提高系统效率的方法、原理,并介绍了一种适合小型制冷系统的新型气缸活塞式膨胀机.另外,还叙述了CO2跨临界循环系统采用两级压缩、中间冷却时,最佳中间压力的确定原理以及方法.     

单级跨临界二氧化碳带膨胀机循环与四种双级循环的热力学分析

本文对制冷工况下,单级跨临界二氧化碳(CO_2)带膨胀机循环、跨临界CO_2双级压缩无回热器循环、跨临界CO_2双级压缩加回热器循环、跨临界CO_2双级压缩一级节流无回热器循环和跨临界CO_2双级压缩一级节流加回热器循环五种循环的性能进行了分析比较。结果表明:当膨胀机的效率为60%时,在所规定的蒸发温度范围内(-10~20℃),单级跨临界CO_2带膨胀机循环的性能要高于其它四种双级压缩循环。当蒸发温度为5℃时,只要膨胀机的效率大于32%,单级压缩膨胀机循环的性能就高于其它四种双级压缩循环。对于四种双级压缩循环,前两种循环适用于中高温制冷,且回热循环性能较好;后两种带中间冷却器的循环适宜于中低温制冷,增加回热器后性能反而下降。     

跨临界CO2制冷系统采用透平膨胀机的可行性分析

对CO2制冷系统中应用膨胀机的研究现状进行了回顾,在此基础上对跨临界CO2制冷循环中采用透平膨胀机的可行性进行了分析.研究表明透平膨胀机完全适用于家用及商用的跨临界CO2制冷/热泵系统,并通过计算实例给出了采用不同方案和效率的透平膨胀机替代节流阀对CO2制冷系统性能的提升效果.     

CO2跨临界双级压缩带膨胀机制冷循环研究

摘要针对CO2制冷能效低的特点,本文建立了双级压缩带膨胀机CO2跨临界制冷循环热力学模型,在考虑实际循环中不可逆损失因素影响在基础上,对循环进行了性能系数、热力学完善度和单位制冷量炯损失等指标进行了分析计算,并与双级压缩节流膨胀CO2跨临界制冷回热循环和R22简单制冷循环进行了比较。     

Development of capacity modulation compressor based on a two stage rotary compressor – part I: Modeling and simulation of compressor performance

Two-stage rotary compressors are gaining popularity because of their ability to reduce operating and energy costs over the entire compressor life cycle. In this work, a capacity modulation compressor based on a two-stage rotary compressor (CMCTR) is developed to improve the performance of the rotary compressor system. The working principle of the CMCTR is presented and the cycle efficiency of the compressor through two-stage compression is numerically investigated. The CMCTR model considers mass and energy balance for a control volume, the internal leakage condition for all leakage paths, the discharge valve motion, and the force and moment balance. For simulation results, the motor efficiency is estimated with respect to shaft power and the pressure during an entire cycle is obtained with respect to the compression volume for saving mode and power mode. The optimum efficiency of the CMCTR is obtained for the modulation for these modes.     

A simulation approach for hermetic reciprocating compressors including electrical motor modeling

The design of a high-efficiency reciprocating compressor requires an understanding of the interactions between different phenomena occurring inside the compressor. This paper describes a comprehensive simulation approach for hermetic reciprocating compressors including modeling of the electrical motor. The simulation of the compression cycle follows an integral control volume formulation for mass and energy conservation. A thermal model is adopted with steady-state thermal energy balances applied to the compressor components via global thermal conductances. The equivalent circuit method is employed to form a steady-state model of a single-phase induction motor. The coupling between the three models provides the motor slip and mean compressor speed, which are seen to affect the compressor efficiency. The simulation model is validated through comparisons between predictions and measurements of the parameters associated with the compressor efficiency, temperature distribution and motor performance. A parametric analysis is carried out to investigate the dependence of the motor temperature on the input voltage and the results are discussed.     

Non-linear predictive control of a vapour compression cycle

A potential energy saving can be obtained by a global optimal setting of each actuator in a vapour compression cycle. This paper describes a predictive optimal control algorithm applying this strategy. At each step, an optimal command profile is computed, upon predictions of variables system evolution, using a simple non-linear model of a vapour compression cycle. Choice of this profile is based on a multiple criterion including cycle efficiency and technological constraints. The approach is experimentally validated on a pilot scale refrigeration plant with variable speed compressor. Trials have been performed and showed a meaningful energy saving.     

Unsteady state analysis of the compression cycle of a hermetic reciprocating compressor

In this work, an unsteady state analysis of the compression cycle of a small hermetic reciprocating compressor for domestic refrigeration was carried out. A specific one-dimensional model of the valves was developed and the mass and energy balances were applied to the refrigerant inside the cylinder to determine the mass, pressure and temperature behaviour and the heat and work transfer through the compression process. This analysis was inserted into a traditional steady state model of the compressor to evaluate the efficiency of the compression cycle and the performance of the compressor unit. The whole simulation code was validated against the experimental measurements carried out on a R134a commercial unit in a wide range of operative conditions: a fair agreement was found between predicted and measured performances. The simulation code can be a useful tool for the analysis, the design and the development of small hermetic reciprocating compressors for domestic refrigeration.     

Hybrid vapor compression refrigeration system with an integrated ejector cooling cycle

A refrigeration system was developed which combines a basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle with an ejector cooling cycle. The ejector cooling cycle is driven by the waste heat from the condenser in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The additional cooling capacity from the ejector cycle is directly input into the evaporator of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The governing equations are derived based on energy and mass conservation in each component including the compressor, ejector, generator, booster and heat exchangers. The system performance is first analyzed for the on-design conditions. The results show that the COP is improved by 9.1% for R22 system. The system is then compared with a basic refrigeration system for variations of five important variables. The system analysis shows that this refrigeration system can effectively improve the COP by the ejector cycle with the refrigerant which has high compressor discharge temperature.     

Performance of vapor compression systems with compressor oil flooding and regeneration

Vapor compression refrigeration technology has seen great improvement over the last several decades in terms of cycle efficiency through a concerted effort of manufacturers, regulators, and research engineers. As the standard vapor compression systems approach practical limits, cycle modifications should be investigated to increase system efficiency and capacity. One possible means of increasing cycle efficiency is to flood the compressor with a large quantity of oil to achieve a quasi-isothermal compression process, in addition to using a regenerator to increase refrigerant subcooling.In theory, compressor flooding and regeneration can provide a significant increase in system efficiency over the standard vapor compression system. The effectiveness of compressor flooding and regeneration increases as the temperature lift of the system increases. Therefore, this technology is particularly well suited towards lower evaporating temperatures and high ambient temperatures as seen in supermarket refrigeration applications. While predicted increases in cycle efficiency are over 40% for supermarket refrigeration applications, this technology is still very beneficial for typical air-conditioning applications, for which improvements in cycle efficiency greater than 5% are predicted. It has to be noted though that the beneficial effects of compressor flooding can only be realized if a regenerator is used to exchange heat between the refrigerant vapor exiting the evaporator and the liquid exiting the condenser.     

跨临界二氧化碳压缩机热力性能仿真与分析

针对跨临界二氧化碳半封闭式往复式活塞压缩机建立了一个通用数学模型,既包括热力学模块,也包括机械模块。热力学模块主要描述气缸内部的气体压缩过程。机械模块包括运动学模型和曲轴连杆机构模型,考虑了轴承上的功耗损失。采用一台压缩机样机对模型进行了不同运行工况下的实验验证,结果显示压缩机流量和耗功的最大误差分别不超过5%和8%。通过仿真分析了变结构和变工况条件下的压缩机性能,结果表明:在不同的运行工况下,存在最佳缸径行程比;容积效率和等熵效率都随着转速的增加而下降;吸排气阀门内径存在最佳值;对于容积效率的影响,吸气阀间隙比排气阀间隙更大,活塞与汽缸间隙比活塞环与汽缸间隙更大。     

罗茨水蒸气压缩机性能实验研究

压缩机是蒸气压缩蒸发系统的核心设备,会显著影响系统的能耗和运行稳定性.本文搭建了基于罗茨压缩机驱动的蒸气压缩蒸发实验台,蒸发温度为80～100℃,蒸发压力为46.60～101.64 kPa,压缩机压升为17.86～36.03 kPa,蒸发量为125.72～424.85 kg/h,实验研究了吸气流量、压缩比功、容积效率和...     

A comprehensive model of a novel rotating spool compressor

A comprehensive simulation model of a novel rotating spool compressor is presented. The spool compressor provides a new rotary compression mechanism with easily manufactured components. A detailed analytical geometry model of the spool compressor is presented, which includes the geometry of the vane. This geometry model is included in an overall comprehensive compressor model that includes sub-models for friction, leakage, and heat transfer. The results of the comprehensive model were validated using experimental data from a prototype compressor. The prototype compressor has an overall displacement of 23.9 cm³, and was operated using R410A as the working fluid. The model predicts the volumetric efficiency, discharge temperature, and shaft power of the prototype compressor to within 3.13% MAE, 16.5 K and ?13.2 W average deviation, respectively. The trends and spread in the data indicate that additional effort should be focused on the operation of the active sealing elements within the compressor.     

Theoretical study of R32 in an oil flooded compression cycle with a scroll machine

R32 is regarded as a potential alternative for R410A, but it has a low slope of isentropic line, high superheat inside a compressor and thus a high discharge temperature. These disadvantages limit its wider adoption. In order to improve the performance of R32 air conditioner, oil flooded compression with regenerator has been suggested. A single stage oil flooded compressor model is developed to obtain a more accurate system-level improvement. In the compressor model, the heat transfer losses between shell and ambient, suction gas and motor, and high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders are considered. By means of parametric studies, it was found that the novel cycle resulted to be beneficial to increase the compressor internal superheating, to decrease the compressor heat losses and to improve its overall isentropic efficiency while cooling capacity or heating capacity is degraded. COP_h improvement can reach up to 16.4% for an evaporating and condensing temperatures of −25 °C and 45 °C, respectively. The discharge temperature resulted to be lower than 110 °C. In addition, a thorough comparison between R32 and R410A with both novel and baseline systems has been carried out. The results indicate that the novel cycle has potential benefits for applications in R32 air conditioners.