噻二唑衍生物润滑油添加剂研究进展

综述了近年来噻二唑衍生物润滑油添加剂的研究进展。主要介绍了含黄原酸结构的噻二唑衍生物添加剂、含二硫键结构的噻二唑衍生物添加剂、硼酸酯(盐)类噻二唑衍生物添加剂、含酰胺结构的噻二唑衍生物添加剂、噻二唑希夫碱添加剂、含酯或醚结构的噻二唑衍生物添加剂等一系列单一噻二唑润滑油添加剂。此外,还介绍了纳米颗粒与噻二唑衍生物的复合润滑油添加剂,该类复合润滑油添加剂能够显著提高润滑油基础油的摩擦性能。提出了制备油酸型噻二唑衍生物润滑油添加剂、噻二唑类离子液体润滑油添加剂及噻二唑纳米微粒润滑油添加剂的展望。     

发动机用润滑油添加剂的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外发动机用润滑油添加剂的种类,包括球形微纳米颗粒润滑油添加剂、硼酸酯润滑油添加剂、金属钼/钨系列润滑油添加剂与苯三唑脂肪胺盐润滑油添加剂等。主要从润滑机理、制备方法及应用进行综述,指出了这些润滑油添加剂的研究现状及优缺点,并展望了润滑油添加剂的发展前景。     

基于LiPF6的锂离子电池电解液的发展现状

近年来随着社会的发展和科技的进步,锂离子电池已成为重要的主流动力电池之一。分别从溶剂和添加剂2个方面综述了基于LiPF6的锂离子电池电解液的发展现状,详细介绍了适用于锂离子电池电解液的溶剂和添加剂,应用于锂离子电池电解液的常用有机溶剂有碳酸酯类、醚类和羧酸酯类有机溶剂,添加剂以其作用目的区分,可分为SEI成膜添加剂、导电添加剂、稳定添加剂、控制水分和游离酸添加剂、抗过充添加剂、阻燃添加剂及浸润性添加剂等;展望了锂离子电池电解液的研究方向。     

热稳定性添加剂对喷气燃料电导率的影响

针对热稳定性添加剂对喷气燃料电导率的明显改变作用,介绍了几种热稳定性添加剂、抗静电添加剂和其他添加剂在喷气燃料中的抗静电效果,重点考察了不同添加剂复配后对喷气燃料电导率的影响作用。讨论了热稳定性添加剂与抗静电添加剂和其他添加剂间相互作用对碳氢液体电导率的影响机理。     

国内外汽油添加剂的现状与发展趋势

本文综述了国内外汽油添加剂的发展历史与应用现状,简要介绍了化学添加剂、生物添加剂和物理添加剂的发展情况,并对国内外添加剂公司的现状及产品结构进行了汇总。     

石油添加剂工业现状及发展预测

随着对石油产品质量和性能的要求越来越高,使用石油添加剂已成为提高石油产品质量最为经济有效的办法。本文主要讨论了润滑油添加剂、燃料油添加剂、复合添加剂。在润滑油添加剂中,讨论了三大系列、十几个品种,润滑油添加剂数量较大,在生产制造上技术含量很高。我国有两大生产企业与国外公司合资,两大基地的产能约占全国生产能力的60％。今后润滑油添加剂的发展是取缔落后产品,开发新产品,对添加剂原料的供应、生产、质量等问题还要进一步研究。在燃料油添加剂中,涉及了四大类、十几个品种。目前,燃料油添加剂的产量还很少,估计2000年后会有较大的发展。     

焦油馏分添加剂对庞庄煤成浆性能的影响

利用焦油馏分中的有效成分合成出水煤浆萘油添加剂与蒽油添加剂,应用傅立叶变换红外光谱对萘油、蒽油添加剂的结构进行了分析,推测出萘油、蒽油添加剂主要为含有-CH2-,-SO3-等基团的芳香族化合物。以纯萘磺酸缩甲醛、萘油添加剂及蒽油添加剂分别对庞庄煤进行制浆实验,结果表明:萘油添加剂与蒽油添加剂复配使用时,浆体性能优良。同时对焦油馏分添加剂改善水煤浆性能的作用机理进行了探讨。     

石油添加剂工业现状及其发展预测

随着对石油产品质量和性能的要求越来越高,使用石油添加剂已成为提高石油产品质量最为经济有效的办法。本文主要讨论了润滑油添加剂,燃料油添加剂、复合添加剂。在润滑油添加剂中,讨论了三大系列、十几个品种,润滑油添加剂的数量较大,在生产制造上技术技术很高。我国有两大生产企业与国外公司合资,两大基地的产能约占全国生产能力的６０％。今后润滑油添加剂的发展浊取缔落后产品,开发新产品,对添加剂原料的供应、生产、质量     

高分子分离膜制备过程中添加剂的作用

综述了在制备高分子分离膜的过程中,非溶剂添加剂、无机盐添加剂、有机添加剂、复合添加剂等对膜的结构与性能的作用。     

润滑油极压抗磨添加剂应用研究进展及方向

简述了极压抗磨剂的类型和性能,概括了润滑油极压抗磨添加剂的研究现状及动态;对比较常用的润滑油极压抗磨添加剂进行了比较和总结,认为含硫、磷等添加剂在很长一段时间内仍是润滑油极压抗磨剂的主流,其复配研究和作用机理分析仍是润滑油添加剂研究的重点。多功能化合物、纳米添加剂和环保型极压抗磨添加剂是未来的研究方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。