粒子滤波的视频目标跟踪算法研究

目标跟踪是计算机视觉和图像处理的一个重点课题,在视频监控、机器人视觉导航以及智能交通控制中具有广泛的应用前景.通过粒子滤波技术,研究了如何整合颜色特征、前景信息和积分图运算等技术实现视频目标跟踪的粒子滤波算法.在对目标进行分割中采用了混合高斯背景建模方法;同时结合积分直方图的计算方法对颜色特征进行分段统计及相互遮挡的判断,实现基于粒子滤波的目标跟踪算法的优化,解决跟踪中诸如遮挡、光照变化、背景干扰、尺寸变化等难以解决的问题.实验结果表明提出的方法达到了预期目标.     

基于分块颜色直方图和粒子滤波的物体跟踪

在使用粒子滤波的跟踪方法中,颜色直方图经常被用来作为目标特征。但是普通的颜色直方图易受与跟踪物颜色相似的背景和其他物体的干扰,并且在跟踪目标被部分遮挡后性能也将下降。为解决这些问题,受hog特征启发,提出一种分块重叠的颜色直方图,并且根据分块直方图特点,重新设计了粒子滤波系统的权重计算方法和模型更新方法。实验证明该系统优于传统的颜色直方图特征。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的多目标跟踪方法

针对视频多目标跟踪中由于目标间的遮挡、交错或目标漂移而导致跟踪失败的情况,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波以及空间颜色直方图的遮挡预测跟踪算法。利用空间颜色直方图对目标进行建模,可以对不同目标进行区分进而在目标之间出现交错或目标漂移时仍能跟踪到目标。通过卡尔曼滤波算法可以 预测 目标的状态,对预测位置之间存在交错的目标进行遮挡标记,以便在下一帧中仍然可以跟踪到被遮挡的目标。采用2D MOT 2015数据集进行实验,跟踪的平均精度达到了34.1%。实验结果表明,所提方法对多目标跟踪的效果有所提高。     

Robust object tracking via multi-scale patch based sparse coding histogram

There are many visual tracking algorithms that are based on sparse representation appearance model. Most of them are modeled by local patches with fixed patch scale, which make trackers less effective when objects undergone appearance changes such as illumination variation, pose change or partial occlusion. To solve the problem, a novel appearance representation model is proposed via multi-scale patch based sparse coding histogram for robust visual tracking. In this paper, the appearance of an object is modeled by different scale patches, which are represented by sparse coding histogram with different scale dictionaries. Then a similarity measure is applied to the calculation of the distance between the sparse coding histograms of target candidate and target template. Finally, the similarity score of the target candidate is passed to a particle filter to estimate the target state sequentially in the tracking process. Additionally, in order to decrease the visual drift caused by partial occlusion, an occlusion handling strategy is adopted, which takes the spatial information of multi-scale patches and occlusion into account. Based on the experimental results on some benchmarks of video sequences, our tracker outperforms state-of-the-art tracking methods.     

改进的基于颜色的粒子滤波目标跟踪算法

提出了一种改进的粒子滤波算法,在遮挡情况下,能鲁棒地跟踪运动目标.该方法是把改进的颜色直方图结合到粒子滤波的观测模型中,并提出了一种判断目标遮挡的分块检测遮挡的方法.首先对传统的以核函数赋权值的方法进行改进,把目标中心附近的像素都赋予最大的权值,目标的边缘由于遮挡等原因采用指数分布赋权值;在遮挡检测时,提出了把跟踪窗分为左右两个子部分,分别计算相似性度量的方法,提高了遮挡检测的实时性和准确性;同时,该算法对旋转和尺寸的变化具有鲁棒性.实验结果表明,与基本的粒子滤波算法相比,提出的新算法能更好的处理目标跟踪中的遮挡问题.     

基于混合观测模型的粒子滤波跟踪算法

为了提高目标外观迅速变化时视觉跟踪算法的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于混合观测模型的粒子滤波跟踪算法。在粒子滤波构架下,使用加权核直方图模型结合mean shift算法对粒子进行初定位,通过正交子空间模型作为精确的观测模型,估计目标的最终状态。这样既能迅速地学习到目标外观变化的趋势,又避免了使用正交子空间而产生的跟踪漂移。实验结果表明,该算法在光照变化、姿态变化、遮挡的情况下,均具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于加权颜色直方图和粒子滤波的彩色物体跟踪

结合粒子滤波技术,提出一种基于加权颜色直方图的彩色物体跟踪算法．将目标颜色直方图作为目标的颜色模型,同时考虑其大小及像素点的位置对颜色分布的影响,将颜色直方图进行加权处理,使模型对区域特征描述更加合理,利用巴特查理亚距离描述粒子与目标颜色模型的相似性,作为粒子更新权值的有力依据．目标颜色模型的合理建立使得算法的粒子需求量少,计算复杂度降低,利于实现实时跟踪．试验结果验证了该算法的有效性和实用性。     

融合HOG与ARMA模型的粒子滤波跟踪

传统的粒子滤波算法在跟踪目标受到相似背景干扰和遮挡或跟踪目标高速运动时,容易造成跟踪误差增大或跟踪失效的影响。针对室外运动目标跟踪的复杂性,提出一种对于干扰适应性较强的融合梯度方向直方图与自回归移动平均(ARMA)模型的粒子滤波跟踪方法。建立ARMA运动模型,用前两帧目标的位姿状态预测目标下一帧的状态,解决目标跟踪的角度变化与部分遮挡问题。实验结果表明,该模型能克服光照突变引发目标色彩突变的问题。     

A hybrid occlusion free object tracking method using particle filter and modified galaxy based search meta-heuristic algorithm

An important problem in tracking methods is how to manage the changes in object appearance, such as illumination changes, partial/full occlusion, scale, and pose variation during the tracking process. In this paper, we propose an occlusion free object tracking method together with a simple adaptive appearance model. The proposed appearance model which is updated at the end of each time step includes three components: the first component consists of a fixed template of target object, the second component shows rapid changes in object appearance, and the third one maintains slow changes generated along the object path. The proposed tracking method not only can detect occlusion and handle it, but also it is robust against changes in the object appearance model. It is based on particle filter which is a robust technique in tracking and handles non-linear and non-Gaussian problems. We have also employed a meta-heuristic approach that is called Modified Galaxy based Search Algorithm (MGbSA), to reinforce finding the optimum state in the particle filter state space. The proposed method was applied to some benchmark videos and its results were satisfactory and better than results of related works.     

基于改进的均值漂移算法的非刚性目标跟踪

针对现有的均值漂移算法不能适应非刚性目标的复杂运动情况,本文首先利用基于边缘的背景减方法去除背景干扰;然后利用GVFSnake技术提取出目标轮廓,结合目标轮廓改进了传统的颜色直方图;最后基于该颜色直方图结合卡尔曼滤波器或粒子滤波器改进了传统的均值漂移算法。实验表明,该算法可以实现快速的非刚性目标跟踪,对目标的不
不规则运动和严重遮挡有很好的鲁棒性。     

Hybrid tracking based on color histogram for intelligent space

The vision sensor network is expected to achieve a contact-free wide-area location system without any additional burden on users in intelligent environments. In this article, a tracking algorithm for a location system in an intelligent environment is described. A modified color tracker based on a Kalman filter and a mean shift procedure is proposed in order to improve the robustness for occlusion and rapid movement. To handle the sudden change in object movement, we propose a hybrid tracking algorithm, including an adaptive feedback loop, based on the statistics of color histogram models after the mean-shift process. Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieves more robust tracking of multiple objects than the conventional method.     

基于Camshift与Kalman的目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪复杂的难点,提出了一种比较实用的跟踪方法。采用基于颜色概率分布的Camshift算法进行目标跟踪的同时,引入卡尔曼滤波,并给出模型参数。在目标发生遮挡时,使用卡尔曼滤波对目标运动状态进行估计。实验表明,算法能够对目标进行持续、稳定的跟踪。     

融合SPA遮挡分割的多目标跟踪方法

复杂环境下的多目标视频跟踪是计算机视觉领域的一个难点,有效处理目标间遮挡是解决多目标跟踪问题的关键。将运动分割方法引入目标跟踪领域,提出一种融合骨架点指派(SPA)遮挡分割的多目标跟踪方法。由底层光流信息得到骨架点,并估计骨架点遮挡状态;综合使用目标外观、运动、颜色信息等高级语义信息,将骨架点指派给各个目标;最后以骨架点为核,对运动前景密集分类,得到准确的目标前景像素;在粒子滤波器跟踪框架下,使用概率外观模型进行多目标跟踪。在PETS2009数据集上的实验结果表明,文中方法能够改进现有多目标跟踪方法对目标间交互适应性较差的缺点,更好地处理动态遮挡问题。     

基于Mean Shift和自适应预测的非刚性目标跟踪算法

传统Ｍｅａｎ Ｓｈｉｆｔ跟踪算法在目标发生机动或存在遮挡的情况下跟踪效果不理想．对此,结合目标的形状特征和颜色的可区分度对传统的颜色直方图进行改进,给出了将Ｍｅａｎ Ｓｈｉｆｔ和卡尔曼滤波器或粒子滤波器相结合的目标运动自适应跟踪算法,并针对粒子滤波器计算量大的问题,给出了运用两种不同运动式粒子进行有效预测的方法．结果表明,该算法可实现快速的非刚性目标跟踪,对目标的不规则运动和严重遮挡具有很好的鲁棒性．     

基于子空间和直方图的多记忆自适应相关滤波目标跟踪算法

为了增强相关滤波算法(CF)在目标遮挡或背景干扰情况下跟踪的鲁棒性,提出基于子空间和直方图的多记忆自适应相关滤波目标跟踪算法.首先,针对CF使用的模板单一无法应对不同时期相邻帧目标表现的差异,提出利用随机更新策略学习多个目标模板,应对不同时期的目标变化.然后,针对不同的更新模板得到多个候选目标,利用子空间学习上一帧的表示系数,综合判断候选目标的准确性.同时,因为CF与子空间表示均利用模板判断跟踪结果,对背景杂乱等情况判断容易造成偏差,所以引入颜色直方图,利用统计特征作为独立的判断依据,增强算法对候选目标判断结果的准确性.在标准视频集上的实验表明,文中算法具备一定的抗遮挡及抗背景干扰能力.     

基于改进Bhattacharyya系数的粒子滤波视觉跟踪算法

基于颜色直方图的粒子滤波跟踪通常采用Bhattacharyya系数(B氏系数)衡量目标与候选区域特征模型之间的相似性.分析说明目标内部区域的B氏系数存在大量的峰值,使得粒子滤波跟踪仅能适应目标收缩,无法适应目标的膨胀.为此,提出了一种改进的B氏系数,从理论上分析说明了该系数具有单峰特性,基于该系数的粒子滤波跟踪能同时适应目标收缩和膨胀.分析和实验结果均表明,基于本文提出的改进B氏系数的粒子滤波跟踪对目标快速膨胀和收缩等形变具有较好的鲁棒性和准确性.     

一种鲁棒的多特征融合目标跟踪新算法

仅利用单一的目标特征进行跟踪是大多数跟踪算法鲁棒性不高的重要原因。提出了一种新的多特征融合目标跟踪算法,该算法将目标的颜色、纹理、边缘、运动特征统一使用直方图模型进行描述,以降低算法受目标形变和部分遮挡的影响,在Auxiliary粒子滤波框架内将所有特征观测进行概率融合,以突出状态后验分布中目标真实状态对应的峰值,从而有效避免了复杂背景的干扰,并给出了一种有效的融合系数计算方法,使融合结果更加准确可靠。实验结果表明,该算法能同时处理刚性与非刚性目标的跟踪,较单一特征的跟踪算法具有明显的优势,对复杂背景下的跟踪具有较高的鲁棒性。与现有多特征融合算法的比较也证明了本文算法的有效性。     

A moving object tracking based on color information employing a particle filter algorithm

In this article, we present a new algorithm to track a moving object based on color information employing a particle filter algorithm. Recently, a particle filter has been proven very successful for nonlinear and non-Gaussian estimation problems. It approximates a posterior probability density of the state, such as the object position, by using samples which are called particles. The probability distribution of the state of the tracked object is approximated by a set of particles, where each state is denoted as the hypothetical state of the tracked object and its weight. The particles are propagated according to a state space model. Here, the state is treated as the position of the object. The weight is considered as the likelihood of each particle. For this likelihood, we consider the similarity between the color histogram of the tracked object and the region around the position of each particle. The Bhattacharya distance is used to measure this similarity. Finally, the mean state of the particles is treated as the estimated position of the object. Experiments were performed to confirm the effectiveness of this method to track a moving object.     

以颜色和形状直方图为线索的粒子滤波人脸跟踪

跟踪器的设计和跟踪线索的选择与表达是人脸跟踪中的两大关键因素,针对一般人脸跟踪算法中常用简单椭圆来描述人脸形状线索时易受背景干扰的缺点,以及视频目标跟踪中动态模型和观测模型的非线性非高斯特点,提出了一种以颜色和形状直方图为线索的粒子滤波人脸跟踪算法,该算法在粒子滤波基本框架之下,引入了一种新的用直方图来描述人脸形状的方法,并对其进行了改进,用来作为人脸跟踪的形状线索。同时,为了减轻背景干扰,提出了一种经验有效边缘的检测方法。实验表明,该跟踪方法不仅能有效地处理人脸旋转、背景中的肤色干扰和部分遮掩问题,并且能够在由于大面积遮掩等原因而丢失目标的情况下,及时有效地重新捕获已丢失的目标。     

基于多外观模型的自适应加权目标跟踪算法*

偏最小二乘(PLS)跟踪算法忽略特征间及外观模型间的差异,容易受到光照、遮挡等因素的影响,降低目标的跟踪精度.针对上述问题,文中提出基于多外观模型的自适应加权目标跟踪算法(AWMA).首先使用PLS对目标区域逐步建立多个外观模型.然后根据各外观模型中特征的重要性及目标的显著度建立自适应权重的综合模型,融合多个外观模型完成目标与样本的误差分析.最后使用粒子滤波实现目标跟踪.实验表明,文中算法能更有效地过滤噪声数据,提高目标跟踪的鲁棒性和时间性能.