Chloride Diffusivity Analysis of Existing Concrete Based on Fick’s Second Law

According to the existing concrete core samples obtained in site, chloride concentration and porosity of existing normal hydraulic concrete were measured, and chloride diffusivity in existing hydraulic concrete was studied. By Fick’s second law, the chloride diffusion coefficients in the steady diffusion area were calculated. The chloride diffusion of different mix proportion concrete was tested, and chloride diffusion coefficients and porosities of freshly concrete were measured, moreover, the relationship...     

Fault detection of excavator’s hydraulic system based on dynamic principal component analysis

In order to improve reliability of the excavator＇s hydraulic system, a fault detection approach based on dynamic principal component analysis（PCA） was proposed. Dynamic PCA is an extension of PCA, which can effectively extract the dynamic relations among process variables. With this approach, normal samples were used as training data to develop a dynamic PCA model in the first step. Secondly, the dynamic PCA model decomposed the testing data into projections to the principal component subspace（PCS） and residual subspace（RS）. Thirdly, T2 statistic and Q statistic performed as indexes of fault detection in PCS and RS, respectively. Several simulated faults were introduced to validate the approach. The results show that the dynamic PCA model developed is able to detect overall faults by using T2 statistic and Q statistic. By simulation analysis, the proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 95% for 20 test sample sets, which shows that the fault detection approach can be effectively applied to the excavator＇s hydraulic system.     

Simulation and analysis of a Truck Model’s ride comfort based on fuzzy adaptive control theory

With the development of national highroad and theincreasing of transportation of passenger and cargo,au-tomobile’s handing stability,ride comfort and securityare demanded highly,and vehicle with air suspensionis used widely.By EC technical development,au…     

Identification of traffic object’s motion behavior based on track

To extract the track parameters of a traffic object in traffic video and identify its motion behavior,a new method is proposed based on CamShift(Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift)and HMM(Hidden Markov Model).First,an object entering the video scene is located and tracked by the CamShift based algorithm,then its track parameters are obtained.Next,the track parameters are processed to form the observation sequence of HMM,and the motion behavior modeling and probability evaluation are implemented based on HMM.At last,the behavior identification and behavior statistics of the tracked traffic object in video are achieved.Experiments show that this method can be used to sort and recognize the motion behavior of the traffic object by its corresponding behavior track,and to do some statistics or corresponding process schemes.     

Density-functional-theory formulation of classical and quantum Hooke’s law

A fundamental property of solid materials is their stress state. Stress state of a solid or thin film material has profound effects on its thermodynamic stability and physical and chemical properties. The classical mechanical stress(δM) originates from lattice strain(m), following Hooke's law: δM=Cδ, where C is elastic constant matrix. Recently, a new concept of quantum electronic stress(δ QE) is introduced to elucidate the extrinsic electronic effects on the stress state of solids and thin films, which follows a quantum analog of classical Hooke's law: QE=δ(δn), where δis the deformation potential of electronic states and n is the variation of electron density. Here, we present mathematical derivation of both the classical and quantum Hooke's law from density functional theory. We further discuss the physical origin of quantum electronic stress, arising purely from electronic excitation and perturbation in the absence of lattice strain(ε=0), and its relation to the degeneracy pressure of electrons in solid and their interaction with the lattice.     

A time-optimal aircraft-following model based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle

A time-optimal aircraft-following model is introduced to address air traffic flow interference by velocity reduction. The objective function is set up as minimizing the recovery time during which the separation minima are not infringed and the separation of the air traffic flow returns to the initial separation at the terminal time. Pontryagin’s minimum principle is used to solve the optimum aircraft-following velocity control law. An analytical minimum safe following separation is also provided under the time-optimal control law. The simulation results show that the precision first-order tracking accuracy is achieved without losing the separation.

     

Finite element analysis of mechanical structures based on fuzzy extend principle

0　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｕｓｅｄｆｏｒＣＡＤｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓａｒｅａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｆｏｒｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ ｉｎｇｄｅｓｉｇｎ .Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓｕｓｕａｌｌｙｂａｓｅｄｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ,ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｅｘａｃｔａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｈａｖｅｇｒｅａｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｔｏｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｒｕ…     

Simulation and analysis of a Truck Model＇s ride comfort based on fuzzy adaptive control theory

This paper tried to analyse and verify the fuzzy adaptive control strategy of electronic control air suspension system for heavy truck. Created the seven-freedoms vehicle suspension model, and the road input model; with Matlab/Simulink toolboxes and modules, built dynamical system simulation model for heavy truck with air suspension, fuzzy adaptive control model, height control model for air spring, and intelligent control and analyse on root mean square value of acceleration of gravity center of the vehicle under excitation of road. Results show that the fuzzy control had less help to the body vibration on the better pavement, but had the better benefit on the bad road, and the vehicle＇ s root mean square value of acceleration of gravity center is less than passive suspension＇ s obviously.     

The Influence of Additives on Crystallization of Polyvinyl Chloride

Acetanilide, adipic acid and potassium hydrogen phthalate were chosen as nucleating agents of polyvinyl chloride（PVC）, and their effects on PVC crystallization were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that all of the three additives are compatible with PVC to some extent, but adipic acid＇s compatibility with PVC is less satisfactory. The three additives can improve PVC crystallinity, and acetanilide can decrease PVC glass transition temperature（T）and narrow PVC melting range, while adipic acid and potassium hydrogen phthalate rise T of PVC and widen its melting range. All additives do not affect PVC crystal system and all g samples are in orthorhombic system. All additives can improve （200）, （110）, （210） and （201, 111） planes growing. Moreover, acetanilide and adipic acid can shrink PVC spacings and improve the crystal perfection of PVC, but potassium hydrogen phthalate swells spacings and reduces the perfection of PVC crystal.     

Selection of leading industries for coal resource cities based on coupling coordination of industry’s technological innovation

Taking the city of Qitaihe is as an example in order to provide practical methods for the selection of leading industries for coal resource cities, this paper establishes the specific operation scheme for selection of leading industries according to the actual situation of coal resource cities based on the theory of coupling coordination together with the coupling coordination for technological innovation. The results show that the degree for coupling coordination of the technological innovation for each alternative industry differentiates with the development of coal resource cities. For example, the average degree of food processing industry from agricultural produce is 0.9. Therefore, coal resource cities should develop some industries related to coal industry, such as coking industry, some chemical and medicines industry and non-metallic mineral products manufacturing, in the near future, however, some industries with greater market and influence potentials and low carbon emissions should be attached much importance to in the future.     

Deforming analysis of sheet metal based on stereo vision and coordinate grid

A new approach based on stereo vision technology is introduced to analyze sheet metal deformation. By measuring the deformed circle grids that are printed on the sheet surface before forming, the strain distribution of the workpiece is obtained. The measurement and analysis results can be used to verify numerical simulation results and guide production. To get good accuracy,some new techniques are employed: camera calibration based on genetic algorithm, feature abstraction based on self-adaptive technology, image matching based on structure feature and camera modeling pre-constrains, and parameter calculation based on curve and surface optimization. The experimental values show that the approach proposed is rational and practical, which can provide better measurement accuracy with less time than the conventional method.     

Dynamic analysis of fault rockburst based on gradient-dependent plasticity and energy criterion

Fault rockburst is treated as a strain localization problem under dynamic loading condition considering strain gradient and strain rate. As a kind of dynamic fracture phenomena, rockburst has characteristics of strain localization, which is considered as a one-dimensional shear problem subjected to normal compressive stress and tangential shear stress. The constitutive relation of rock material is bilinear (elastic and strain softening) and sensitive to shear strain rate. The solutions proposed based on gradientdependent plasticity show that intense plastic strain is concentrated in fault band and the thickness of the band depends on the characteristic length of rock material. The post-peak stiffness of the fault band was determined according to the constitutive parameters of rock material and shear strain rate. Fault band undergoing strain softening and elastic rock mass outside the band constitute a system and the instability criterion of the system was proposed based on energy theory. The criterion depends on the constitutive relation of rock material, the structural size and the strain rate. The static result regardless of the strain rate is the special case of the present analytical solution. High strain rate can lead to instability of the system.     

Biological analysis of woodpecker’s brain after impact experiments

Woodpeckers can withstand a fierce impact during pecking. Previous studies have focused on the biomechanical analysis of the pecking process, the properties of the beak and hyoid bone of woodpecker; however, the biological characteristics of the woodpecker brain are also important in resisting impact injuries. We employed impact experiments and biological analysis in normal and injured brains to reveal the impact-resistant biological characteristics of woodpecker brains, as well as the impact energy's biological effects on the woodpecker brain. The hoopoe, which has a similar size but only a slight pecking behavior, was selected as the control group to compare brain morphology and neuronal cells differences in normal brains between woodpecker and hoopoe by sectioning and staining. A loading device was designed to conduct a quantifiable impact energy to the woodpeckers' head. Four groups of woodpeckers were impacted with the same energy on the forehead, beak, tempus and occiput,respectively. Biological changes in the injured brains were evaluated by Nissl staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The results showed that:(1) woodpeckers had a larger cerebellum and a higher density of Nissl bodies than hoopoe;(2) Nissl apoptosis appeared in the brain samples after the forehead and the occiput impact experiments, but no obvious Nissl body apoptosis was observed after impact on the tempus and the beak;(3) β-amyloid protein accumulated in the normal status woodpecker brain. This study reveals that: woodpecker brain morphology is well-adapted to impact, woodpecker heads display location-dependent protective performance, with beak and tempus regions having a better protective performance than the forehead and occiput, Nissl apoptosis appears in injured woodpecker brains, and that the accumulation of β-amyloid protein does not show a direct relationship with the injury state of woodpecker's brain tissue in our study.     

Blended coal’s property prediction model based on PCA and SVM

In order to predict blended coal’s property accurately, a new kind of hybrid prediction model based on principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) was established. PCA was used to transform the high-dimensional and correlative influencing factors data to low-dimensional principal component subspace. Well-trained SVM was used to extract influencing factors as input to predict blended coal’s property. Then experiments were made by using the real data, and the results were compared with weighted averaging method (WAM) and BP neural network. The results show that PCA-SVM has higher prediction accuracy in the condition of few data, thus the hybrid model is of great use in the domain of power coal blending.     

Dynamic analysis and modal test of long-span cable-stayed bridge based on ambient excitation

To study the stiffness distribution of girder and the method to identify modal parameters of cable-stayed bridge, a simplified dynamical finite element method model named three beams model was established for the girder with double ribs. Based on the simplified model four stiffness formulae were deduced according to Hamilton principle. These formulae reflect well the contribution of the flexural, shearing, free torsion and restricted torsion deformation, respectively. An identification method about modal parameters was put forward by combining method of peak value and power spectral density according to modal test under ambient excitation. The dynamic finite element method analysis and modal test were carried out in a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge. The results show that the errors of frequencies between theoretical analysis and test results are less than 10% mostly, and the most important modal parameters for cable-stayed bridge are determined to be the longitudinal floating mode, the first vertical flexural mode and the first torsional mode, which demonstrate that the method of stiffness distribution for three beams model is accurate and method to identify modal parameters is effective under ambient excitation modal test.     

Investigation of shunt solar cells’ currents based on equivalent circuit model

In view of the universality of the parallel connection of solar cells and their mismatch problem, in the present paper, we select two shunt solar cells (connected in parallel) as our research object, and use the equivalent one-diode circuit of the solar cell and the analysis of the two-body model. At first, the equations of current and voltage are deduced from the related electrical laws and the circuit diagram of the two solar cells connected in parallel. Then, according to the experimentally measured data of typical single-crystalline silicon solar cells (125 mm×125 mm), we select the appropriate simulation parameters. Following this, by using the photo-generated current, the shunt resistance, and the serial resistance of one of the shunt solar cells and the load resistance as independent variables, in turn, the changing characteristics of each branch current in the two shunt solar cells are numerically discussed and analyzed for these four cases for the first time. At the same time, we provide a simple physical explanation for the modeling results. Our analyses show that these parameters have different impacts on the internal currents of solar cells connected in parallel. These results provide a reference to solve the problem of connecting solar cells and to develop higher efficiency solar cells and systems. Meanwhile, the results will contribute to a better comprehension of the reasons for efficiency loss of solar cells and systems, and deepen the understanding of the electrical of solar cells behavior for high performance photovoltaic applications.     

Quantitative analysis of Boehm'''' s GC

The term garbage collection describes the automated process of finding previously allocated memory that is no longer in use in order to make the memory available to satisfy subsequent allocation requests. We have reviewed existing papers and implementations of GC, and especially analyzed Boehm' s C codes, which is a real-time mark-sweep GC running under Linux and ANSI C standard. In this paper, we will quantitatively analyze the performance of different configurations of Boehm' s collector subjected to different workloads. Reported measurements demonstrate that a refined garbage collector is a viable alternative to traditional explicit memory management techniques, even for low-level languages. It is more a trade-off for certain system than an all-ornothing proposition.     

Performance analysis and design of self-air-cooling reciprocating compressor’s cooling system

Science China Technological Sciences - The cooling system, as an important part of high-pressure compressor, has always been a key technical bottleneck for its miniaturization. A new type...     

World’s first spaceflight on-orbit demonstration of a flexible solar array system based on shape memory polymer composites

With a 10% reversible compressive strain in more than 10 deformation cycles, the shape memory polymer composites(SMPCs)could be used for deployable structure and releasing mechanism. In this paper, without traditional electro-explosive devices or motors/controllers, the deployable SMPC flexible solar array system(SMPC-FSAS) is studied, developed, ground-based tested,and finally on-orbit validated. The epoxy-based SMPC is used for the rolling-out variable-stiffness beams as a structural frame as well as an actuator for the flexible blanket solar array. The releasing mechanism is primarily made of the cyanate-based SMPC,which has a high locking stiffness to withstand 50 g gravitational acceleration and a large unlocking displacement of 10 mm. The systematical mechanical and thermal qualification tests of the SMPC-FSAS flight hardware were performed, including sinusoidal sweeping vibration, shocking, acceleration, thermal equilibrium, thermal vacuum cycling, and thermal cycling test. The locking function of the SMPC releasing mechanisms was in normal when launching aboard the SJ20 Geostationary Satellite on 27 Dec., 2019. The SMPC-FSAS flight hardware successfully unlocked and deployed on 5 Jan., 2020 on geostationary orbit. The triggering signal of limit switches returned to ground at the 139 s upon heating, which indicated the successful unlocking function of SMPC releasing mechanisms. A pair of epoxy-based SMPC rolled variable-stiffness tubes, which clapped the flexible blanket solar array, slowly deployed and finally approached an approximate 100% shape recovery ratio within 60 s upon heating. The study and on-orbit successful validation of the SMPC-FSAS flight hardware could accelerate the related study and associated productions to be used for the next-generation releasing mechanisms as well as space deployable structures, such as new releasing mechanisms with low-shocking, testability and reusability, and ultra-large space deployable solar arrays.     

Simulation and analysis of effects of Young’s modulus of isolation material on natural frequencies of the sensor package and displacement of the chip

During the last ten years, Micro-electromechanicalSystems (MEMS) technology developed very rapidlyand with that came great achievements. Currently, theMEMS devices are different types of sensors, which areusually applied to measure physical quantities such aspressure, the acoustic signal, mass, motion, accelera-tion, rotation, velocity of flow, chemical reaction, vi-bration, and so on. Additionally, some sensors havebeen manufactured[1]. MEMS packaging technologydevelops slowly due to the…