高温预析出对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜和IEM观察和力学性能测试,分析了固溶后高温预析出处理对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:高温预析出可在晶界形成不连续的析出相,465℃预析出在保证合金硬度的同时,使抗应力腐蚀性能提高,随着预析出温度的降低合金的电导率和抗应力腐蚀开裂性能均得到提高。     

预变形对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金力学性能的影响

通过拉伸测试、显微硬度测试、扫描电镜分析等手段,研究了预变形对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金力学性能的影响。结果表明：时效前的预变形提高了合金峰值硬度,加速了Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金在220℃下的时效过程,合金峰值时效时间提前2-3 h;另外预变形可以提高合金的强度,同时也降低了合金的塑性;综合考虑合金的强度和塑性,Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金时效前的预变形以8%为宜。     

预变形和时效对NiTi合金相变的影响

对Ti-50．8at％Ni形状记忆合金丝施加不同的预变形，随后在不同的温度时效，研究了预变形、时效温度与NiTi形状记忆合金的相变特性之间的关系。结果表明，预变形和时效对NiTi形状记忆舍金的相变特性有着显著的影响，可促使NiTi合金发生R相变，使NiTi形状记忆合金在较窄的温度区间内发生B2-R-B19’三种相变，为进一步研究NiTi形状记忆合金的性能提供了方便。     

热变形参数对X60管线钢高温变形行为和显微组织的影响

通过热模拟试验测定了X60级管线钢以0．1－20s^-1的应变速率在900－1050℃温度区间压缩变形过程中的真应力－真应变曲线，观察了变形后空冷至室温的显微组织，结果表明：在此变形条件下，材料没有发生动态再结晶，但随着变形温度的升高和变形速率的下降，将出现动态回复 现象；低温和大变形速率变形能细化铁素体晶粒组织。     

预变形方式对微合金钢中贝氏体热稳定性的影响

采用光学金相、硬度测量结合透射电镜观察,研究了经过弯曲或扭转变形的含铌微合金钢在等温受热时的组织稳定性问题.研究发现:弯曲与扭转变形都可以大幅度提高微合金钢的硬度;在随后的550℃等温受热过程中,弯曲变形区的硬度迅速下降,同时伴随贝氏体向平衡组织的演变;而扭转区在等温过程中的硬度始终高于未变形区,同时钢中贝氏体组织基本得以保持.扭转应变量越大,硬化效果越强,并且在随后的等温受热过程中能保持这种硬度上的优势.弯曲与扭转变形均导致贝氏体板条内位错密度显著增加.弯曲变形区的位错分布不均匀,其中的低位错密度区易于在随后的等温受热过程中演变为平衡组织多边形铁素体的形核核心;而扭转变形区内位错分布均匀,并且在随后的等温受热过程中位错分布不发生显著改变.这些结果表明,不同的冷变形方式对微合金钢中贝氏体热稳定性的影响存在显著差异.     

预变形对FGH97粉末高温合金热处理组织的影响

FGH97粉末高温合金制品在生产加工过程中由于操作不当会出现局部表面凹坑,对存在该缺陷的合金制品进行检测分析,发现受外力影响的区域经热处理后晶粒异常粗大;采用热模拟实验验证了局部变形对FGH97合金热处理组织的影响。结果表明:FGH97合金在受外力作用后的合金变形量达到临界变形量时,热处理过程中会发生晶粒异常长大,造成组织不均匀,进而影响合金的性能与应用。合金在制备过程应严格遵守操作规程,避免局部发生变形。     

预拉伸变形对Al-Cu-Mg合金腐蚀性能的影响

采用表面腐蚀、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)实验研究预拉伸变形对Al-Cu-Mg合金腐蚀性能的影响。利用扫描电镜观察分析Al-Cu-Mg合金断口形貌及结构。结果表明,预拉伸变形可显著提高合金位错密度,为H原子的扩散提供更多的通道,因此,在相同腐蚀时间下,3.5%NaCl溶液中T8态Al-Cu-Mg合金的腐蚀速率高于T6态。此外,预拉伸变形可显著增加S相弥散度,使得S相两侧的无沉淀析出带变窄,有效降低了晶界和晶内的电位差,从而降低晶界沉淀相的溶解速度,因此,在同一热处理状态下,Al-Cu-Mg合金在饱和H2S溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性高于干燥空气中的腐蚀开裂敏感性。同一应变速率下,T8态Al-Cu-Mg合金具有比T6态更好的抗应力腐蚀性能,表明预拉伸变形处理可显著提高合金的抗应力腐蚀性能。     

表层弥散预应变硬化对薄钢板变形局部化的影响

试验研究了具有一定形貌及粗糙度的激光毛面薄钢板及同材质普通薄钢板的失稳行为。结果表明激光毛面薄钢板变形局部化过程的明显滞后于普通板，其表层弥散分布的预应变硬优点在稳定薄板变形，延缓变形局部化过程中起到重要作用。     

冷轧预变形对7xxx系铝合金板材析出行为的影响

采用硬度测试、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和DSC研究了冷轧预变形对7xxx系合金析出行为的影响.结果表明,40％冷轧预变形处理使合金120℃时效达到峰值的时间由18h缩短至6h.同时SEM统计表明,经冷轧预变形处理的合金在更短的时间内MgZn2相析出的体积分数达到更高的值;利用差示量热法结合JMA方程定量计算得出,经40％预...     

预变形及淬火介质对高强铝合金抗晶间腐蚀性能的影响

对预变形及淬火介质对高强铝合金的晶间腐蚀性能进行研究。研究表明：经过10%预变形处理的合金抗晶间腐蚀性能比无变形处理的合金抗晶间腐蚀性能好 经过空气淬火合金抗晶间腐蚀性能差,而经过100℃水和20℃水淬火合金抗晶间腐蚀性能较好。其中经过空气淬火无预变形处理合金抗晶间腐蚀性能最差 而经过20℃水淬火且进行10%预变形处理的合金抗晶间腐蚀性能最好。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties relationships in the Ti-11 alloy at room and elevated temperatures

To establish correlations between microstructure and mechanical properties for the Ti-ll alloy, twelve different combinations of hot die forging and heat treatment, in the a + 8 and Β phase regions, were investigated. The resulting heat treated forgings were classified into four distinct categories based on their microstructural appearance. The room temperature tensile, post-creep tensile, fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation properties were measured along with creep and low cycle fatigue at 566‡C. The creep, tensile, fatigue crack propagation and fracture toughness properties, grouped in a manner similar to the microstructural categories. The fracture appearance and behavior of the cracks during propagation in fatigue and in fracture toughness tests were examined, and correlations with the microstructure discussed. In the case of the fully transformed acicular microstructure, it was found that the size and the orientation of colonies of similarly aligned α needles are dominant factors in the crack behavior. Formerly a National Research Council Associate, Air Force Materials Laboratory Formerly with AFML     

Microstructure and mechanical properties relationships in the Ti-11 alloy at room and elevated temperatures

To establish correlations between microstructure and mechanical properties for the Till alloy, twelve different combinations of hot die forging and heat treatment, in the α+β and β phase regions, were investigated. The resulting heat treated forgings were classified into four distinct categories based on their microstructural appearance. The room temperature tensile, post-creep tensile, fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation properties were measured along with creep and low cycle fatigue at 566°C. The creep, tensile, fatigue crack propagation and fracture toughness properties, grouped in a manner similar to the microstructural categories. The fracture appearance and behavior of the cracks during propagation in fatigue and in fracture toughness tests were examined, and correlations with the microstructure discussed. In the case of the fully transformed acicular microstructure, it was found that the size and the orientation of colonies of similarly aligned α needles are dominant factors in the crack behavior.     

Tensile and fracture properties of an Mg-RE-Zn alloy at elevated temperatures

Magnesium alloy EZ10(Mg-RE-Zn) was deformed in tension at temperatures from 20 up to 520 °C. A rapid decrease of the yield and tensile strength with temperature was observed at temperatures higher than 300 °C. On the other hand, ductility of samples rapidly increased in the same temperature range. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal the reason for these behaviours. Intermetallic particles in grain boundaries are responsible for excellent mechanical properties at lower temperatures. Diffusional processes occurring at temperatures higher than 300 °C significantly influenced the deformation mechanism as well as the fracture character.     

Grain-boundary segregation of phosphorus and micro-structural changes in the steel X 20 CrMoV 12 1 during long-term application at elevated temperatures

Phosphorus occurs as impurity in 12% CrMoV-steels and tends to be enriched at grain boundaries. The phosphorus grain-boundary segregation in a laboratory cast of steel X 20 CrMoV 12 1 with a relatively high phosphorus content (0.057% P) was studied by Auger electron spectroscopy and the segregation kinetics and equilibria were described. Using the results it was possible to predict and compare phosphorus segregation with measured phosphorus concentrations in long-term annealed steels. By means of the radioactive tracer method the diffusion of phosphorus was studied in detail. The comparison with segregation kinetics showed that phosphorus is transported to the grain boundaries faster than is to be expected from bulk diffusion. Investigations by transmission-electron-microscopy showed recrystallisation and an agglomeration of carbides with aging time and the occurrence of new phases (Laves-phase Fe₂Mo). All these processes lead at first to an increase in toughness as established in notch-impact fracture tests for the laboratory cast, after long-term use however, a reduction in toughness is to be expected.     

烧结工艺对90W-Ni-Mn合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

针对W-Ni-Mn合金难以烧结致密化的问题,在传统氢气烧结工艺的基础上,发展新型氢气烧结工艺,使90W-4Ni-6Mn合金的相对密度达到98.32%,但仍未达到全致密,并存在部分形状不规则的孔隙和锰的氧化物。为使合金能够烧结全致密,本文再次开发了一种新的真空-氩气烧结工艺,使90W-4Ni-6Mn合金的相对密度高达99.82%,近乎全致密。对合金进行力学性能测试,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察其微观结构和断口形貌,结果表明:90W-4Ni-6Mn合金的抗拉强度和伸长率均随预烧结保温还原时间延长而增大,在100 min时达最大值,分别为1 030.25 MPa和24.2%,此时钨晶粒尺寸为6.2μm。经分析,90W-4Ni-6Mn合金的优异性能主要得益于烧结密度的提高和晶粒尺寸的细化。     

Dynamic mechanical behavior of ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A at high strain rates and elevated temperatures

During high speed machining in the field of manufacture,chip formation is a severe plastic deformation process including large strain,high strain rate and high temperature.And the strain rate in high speed cutting process can be achieved to 105 s~(-1).30CrMnSiNi2Asteel is a kind of important high-strength low-alloy structural steel with wide application range.Obtaining the dynamic mechanical properties of30CrMnSiNi2Aunder the conditions of high strain rate and high temperature is necessary to construct the constitutive relation model for high speed machining.The dynamic compressive mechanical properties of30CrMnSiNi2Asteel were studied using split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests at 30-700°C and3000-10000s~(-1).The stress-strain curves of 30CrMnSiNi2Asteel at different temperatures and strain rates were investigated,and the strain hardening effect and temperature effect were discussed.Experimental results show that 30CrMnSiNi2Ahas obvious temperature sensitivity at 300°C.Moreover,the flow stress decreased significantly with the increase of temperature.The strain hardening effect of the material at high strain rate is not significant with the increase of strain.The strain rate hardening effect is obvious with increasing the temperature.According to the experimental results,the established Johnson-Cook(J-C)constitutive model of 30CrMnSiNi2Asteel could be used at high strain rate and high temperature.     

Ti-6Al-7Nb合金随温度的组织与性能演变

为揭示Ti-6Al-7Nb合金随热处理温度的不同,显微组织、力学性能及相组成的变化规律,研究了合金在650℃-1030℃热处理空冷条件下的组织演变,进行室温力学性能测试与XRD分析。结果表明：650℃属于时效温度,热加工得到的原β转变组织中析出细小的α相,合金的强度和弹性模量有所提高。700℃-850℃之间进行热处理,可以获得良好的综合性能,满足相关标准要求。合金弹性模量处于94-100 GPa。950℃-1030℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,由于二次针状α相的析出,或者生成α"相,呈现强度上升,塑性下降的趋势。650℃、850℃两个温度热处理后,Ti-6Al-7Nb合金的XRD图谱未出现β相的衍射峰,均为α相的衍射峰。1030℃热处理后,α"相具有较强的(002)、(101)衍射峰,其它晶面的衍射峰能量很弱。合金弹性模量达最大值108GPa。通过金相观察,推算Ti-6Al-7Nb合金α+β→β转变的开始温度处于900℃-920℃,终了温度处于1010℃-1030℃。