汉语发音中多音离合词的读音消歧

语音发音系统中,多音字的发音一直以来都是个难题。文章针对多音字中出现的一种远距离约束词语-离合词进行了研究,以此来关联多音字的发音。考虑到离合词的特点,提出了触发对的概念,然后用互信息来计算词语的相关度以此对多音字进行读音消歧,实验结果表明,从词语约束层面来考虑多音字对多音离合词的发音有很好的效果。     

主被动传感器自适应量测融合算法

针对观测平台和运动对象间的距离参数会对传感器随机测量误差带来影响的问题,提出了一种基于模糊距离阈值的主被动传感器量测融合算法。讨论了根据距离参数选择主被动融合跟踪模式的方法,采用指数函数和模糊处理技术,利用已有信息实时改变主、被动传感器在量测融合过程中所占的权重。仿真结果表明,当传感器和运动对象间的距离对随机测量误差的影响不能忽略时,基于模糊距离阈值的主被动传感器变权重融合算法和传统的固定权重融合算法相比更加稳定,能够充分发挥主、被动传感器间的互补特性。     

A modified algorithm for aiming point guidance law

This work presents a modified algorithm for improving the intercept performance of the Aiming Point Guidance (APG) law (Tsao et al. 1998) subject to the dynamic lags of a missile system. The performance of APG is improved by taking into account the motions of the collision course and the achieved missile turning rate. Numerical simulations show that the modified APG (MAPG) performs better than the APG in terms of miss distance, interception time, and lateral acceleration demand.     

Sharing instructors experience of learning management system: A technology perspective of user satisfaction in distance learning course

The use of educational technology increased rapidly in higher education. Learning Management System (LMS) is the most popular educational technology system used in distance learning. There are only a few studies have been carried out to measure instructors satisfaction in distance learning courses, although instructors satisfaction is considered as very important for the course involvement and increasing the students interactions with the course content. Hence, this study proposed a detailed framework to measure instructors’ satisfaction of using LMS. The findings prove that perceived usefulness and service quality are taking the highest share on affecting the instructor satisfactions. This study limited to higher education’s instructors and used a questionnaire survey to collect the data. Hence, the LMS should be designed based on the needs of the instructors as well as the students, by adopting the latest technologies. In the contrary, building LMS without taking the instructors’ satisfaction into account will affect negatively the distance learning course outcomes.     

Autocalibration-based partioning relationship and parallax relation for head-mounted eye trackers

This paper presents new methods to calibrate a head-mounted Eye Tracker (ET) automatically, as well as a new way to obtain an estimated point of regard (POR), taking account of the parallax. Calibration is performed in real time; it is easy for the user who just needs to look at one calibration pattern for a few seconds before starting. This method provides a very important couple of points which helps to use a local relationship to compute the POR instead of a global one. This approach significantly improves the precision of the points of regard when the scene camera is mounted with a short focal lens. An estimation of POR when the user looks somewhere outside the calibration distance is also proposed. This estimation is based on an ET modelling such as a stereovision system, to take account of the parallax effect. The aim of this study is to simplify the use of ET techniques for “non-initiated” people, especially here learner drivers.     

An information-based exploration strategy for environment mapping with mobile robots

The availability of efficient mapping systems to produce accurate representations of initially unknown environments is recognized as one of the main requirements for autonomous mobile robots. In this paper, we present an efficient mapping system that has been implemented on a mobile robot equipped with a laser range scanner. The system builds geometrical point-based maps of environments employing an information-based exploration strategy that determines the best observation positions by taking into account both the distance travelled and the information gathered. Our exploration strategy, being based on solid mathematical foundations, differs from many ad hoc exploration strategies proposed in literature. We present: (a) the theoretical aspects of the criterion for determining the best observation positions for a robot building a map, (b) the implementation of a mapping system that uses the proposed criterion, and (c) the experimental validation of our approach.     

基于支持向量机和距离度量的管道内表面图像分类方法研究

针对管道内表面图像的分类问题，提出了一种将支持向量机和距离度量相结合，构成组合分类器的分类方法。分类时先采用距离度量进行前级分类，符合条件则给出分类结果，否则拒识并转入SVM分类器进行分类。该方法充分利用了SVM识别率高和距离度量速度快的优点，并且利用距离度量的结果去指导SVM的训练和测试。实验表明本方法具有较高的效率和识别精度，进一步提高了系统的识别率和容噪性能。     

Work design and work measurement: implications for advanced production systems

With the increasing use of advanced automation technology, new approaches to work measurement are necessitated. The methodological needs for the research into development of a new generation of work measurement systems are examined, and a cognitive system engineering approach is adopted to take into account human behavior other than physical activity. It is proposed that the work measurement schemes for advanced production systems should be built around the cognitive characteristics of the workers and be compatible with their internal representational models of the given system.     

Obstacle arrangement detection using multichannel ultrasonic sonar for indoor mobile robots

In the last few years, mobile robot systems that perform complicated tasks have been studied. To work in complicated environments, the robot has to avoid collisions with obstacles. Therefore the robot needs to detect the arrangement of any surrounding obstacles. We considered a simple distance estimation algorithm using ultrasonic sonar. Since the algorithm was able to estimate distance accurately, we also attempted stereo reception using two ultrasonic microphones. The stereo reception sonar was able to detect the direction of obstacles. In order to make precise measurements, we attempted to use the signal coherence of ultrasonic waves. In order to install a small system into mobile robots and to detect any surrounding obstacles, we designed a multichannel sonar signal processing system using a high-performance embedded microcontroller. This article describes our ideas for the distance estimation algorithm for ultrasonic sonar, and a design for a signal processing system using a high-performance microcontroller.     

RFID旋转天线中的椭圆模型室内定位算法

传统的基于RSSI测距的RFID室内定位系统需要多台天线同时进行测量，使得定位系统部署成本昂贵。而目前只使用一个天线的RFID旋转天线定位方法由于需要测量最大信号强度的角度，需要长期搜索标签，导致系统无法长期稳定工作。为了解决上述问题，提出在天线旋转过程中，获得不同特定角度的等信号强度轨迹，再通过遍历方法求两个椭圆模型的交点，实现定位。最后将该算法在硬件装置上进行了实验，结果表明平均定位误差达到0.754?m，与传统RSSI定位算法相比可以减少36.19%左右的硬件部署成本，同时解决了读写器容易发热的问题。     

指代消解中距离特征的研究

指代消解是自然语言处理中的一个重要问题,包括专有名词、普通名词、代词的指代识别。本文实现了一个基于机器学习的英语名词短语的指代消解平台,通过对原始语料进行命名实体识别和名词短语识别等一系列预处理,选取了多个有效特征及其组合,分别采用最大熵和SVM两种分类算法对名词短语进行分类,在此基础上着重研究了距离特征对指代消解的影响。在传统的基于机器学习的指代消解研究方法中,候选词和先行语的距离被定义为特征,而没有考虑距离在生成训练样例中的作用,本文通过把候选词和先行语的距离作为一个特征加入机器学习算法和作为限制条件用于指代关系候选实例的产生两方面进行详细研究,在MUC-6基准语料库上评测,实验结果表明,合理利用距离特征能够大大提高系统的性能。最终,本文采用最大熵和SVM两种分类器在测试集上分别获得了67.5和68.7的F1值,该结果优于同类型的其他系统。     

吊放声纳主动探测距离建模与仿真

为正确实施搜潜战术,需要对吊放声纳探测距离进行预报。根据主动声纳工作原理及性能参数,充分考虑海洋环境和目标特性对声纳探测距离的影响,建立了吊放声纳主动探测计算模型,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该模型是有效可行的。     

Optimization-based mapping framework for parallel applications

The mapping of tasks of a parallel program onto nodes of a parallel computing system has a remarkable impact on application performance. In this paper we propose an optimization framework to solve the mapping problem, which takes into account the communication matrix of the application and a cost matrix that depends on the topology of the parallel system. This cost matrix is usually a distance matrix (the classic approach), but we propose a novel definition of the cost criterion, applicable to torus networks, that tries to distribute traffic evenly over the different axes; we call this the Traffic Distribution criterion. As the mapping problem can be seen as a particular instance of the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP), we can apply any QAP solver to this problem. In particular, we use a greedy randomized algorithm. Using simulation, we test the performance levels of the optimization-based mappings, and compare them with those of trivial mappings (consecutive, random), in two different environments: single application (one application uses all system resources all the time) and space sharing (several applications run simultaneously, on different system partitions), using systems with 2D and 3D topologies and real application traffic. Experimental results show that some applications do not benefit from optimization-based mappings: those in which there is a match between virtual and physical topologies, and those that carry out massive all-to-all communications. In other cases, optimization-based mappings with the TD criterion provide excellent performance levels.     

P2P分发网中大容量实时数据传输调度算法

当P2P分发网中一个节点同时从若干个其他节点获取数据时,需要对数据下载任务进行合理调度,并尽量按时完成更多的下载任务.本文提出了一种基于多任务负载均衡的调度算法,该算法在调度下载任务时,将尚未被调度的下载任务也作为调度依据,从而能够有效地解决下载任务之间对带宽资源的恶意竞争,合理地利用各个其他节点提供的下载带宽,最终完成更多的下载任务.实验结果表明该算法能够减少超时下载任务的数目,提高P2P分发网的实时数据分发性能.     

基于产生式规则和模糊推理的注射模总体结构设计专家系统

注射模总体方案设计的任务是进行设计决策,其经验性强,需要采用专家系统技术。IMDES采用框架和产生式规则相主要结合的知识表示和正向推理方法,并考虑到某些知识具有模糊性和不确定性的特点,采用了模糊知识表示方法和模糊推理技术。     

Purkinje Images: Conveying Different Content for Different Luminance Adaptations in a Single Image

Providing multiple meanings in a single piece of art has always been intriguing to both artists and observers. We present Purkinje images, which have different interpretations depending on the luminance adaptation of the observer. Finding such images is an optimization that minimizes the sum of the distance to one reference image in photopic conditions and the distance to another reference image in scotopic conditions. To model the shift of image perception between day and night vision, we decompose the input images into a Laplacian pyramid. Distances under different observation conditions in this representation are independent between pyramid levels and pixel positions and become matrix multiplications. The optimal pixel colour can be found by inverting a small, per‐pixel linear system in real time on a GPU. Finally, two user studies analyze our results in terms of the recognition performance and fidelity with respect to the reference images.     

An integrated decision making approach for ERP system selection

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have gained major prominence by enabling companies to streamline their operations, leverage and integrate business data process. In order to implement an ERP project successfully, it is necessary to select an ERP system which can be aligned with the needs of the company. Thus, a robust decision making approach for ERP software selection requires both company needs and characteristics of the ERP system and their interactions to be taken into account. This paper develops a novel decision framework for ERP software selection based on quality function deployment (QFD), fuzzy linear regression and zero–one goal programming. The proposed framework enables both company demands and ERP system characteristics to be considered, and provides the means for incorporating not only the relationships between company demands and ERP system characteristics but also the interactions between ERP system characteristics through adopting the QFD principles. The presented methodology appears as a sound investment decision making tool for ERP systems as well as other information systems. The potential use of the proposed decision framework is illustrated through an application.     

Designing on‐demand education for simultaneous development of domain‐specific and self‐directed learning skills

On‐demand education enables individual learners to choose their learning pathways according to their own learning needs. They must use self‐directed learning (SDL) skills involving self‐assessment and task selection to determine appropriate pathways for learning. Learners who lack these skills must develop them because SDL skills are prerequisite to developing domain‐specific skills. This article describes the design of an on‐demand learning environment developed to enable novices to simultaneously develop their SDL and domain‐specific skills. Learners received advice on their self‐assessments and their selections of subsequent learning tasks. In the domain of system dynamics – a way to model a dynamic system and draw graphs depicting the system's behaviour over time – advice on self‐assessment is provided in a scoring rubric containing relevant performance standards. Advice on task selection indicates all relevant task aspects to be taken into account, including recommendations for suitable learning tasks which meet the individual learner's needs. This article discusses the design of the environment and the learners' perceptions of its usefulness. Most of the times, the learners found the advice appropriate and they followed it in 78% of their task selections.     

Unsupervised data processing for classifier-based speech translator

Concept classification has been used as a translation method and has shown notable benefits within the suite of speech-to-speech translation applications. However, the main bottleneck in achieving an acceptable performance with such classifiers is the cumbersome task of annotating large amounts of training data. Any attempt to develop a method to assist in, or to completely automate, data annotation needs a distance measure to compare sentences based on the concept they convey. Here, we introduce a new method of sentence comparison that is motivated from the translation point of view. In this method the imperfect translations produced by a phrase-based statistical machine translation system are used to compare the concepts of the source sentences. Three clustering methods are adapted to support the concept-base distance. These methods are applied to prepare groups of paraphrases and use them as training sets in concept classification tasks. The statistical machine translation is also used to enhance the training data for the classifier which is crucial when such data are sparse. Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.