我们是怎样突破硬岩层关的?

我队过去在某铜矿施工，在推广应用小口径金刚石钻进时遇到几十米、颗粒细而致密、研磨性很弱的坚硬岩石硅质岩，采用孕镶金刚石钻头钻进时钻头打滑，钻进效率低，成本高，成了我队推广小口径金刚石钻进的一只拦路虎。针对我队硬岩层钻进中存在的这一难关，设计试制了金刚石钻头喷砂机，经过反复试验改进，孕镶金刚石钻头，经过喷砂处理后钻进效率有明显提高。如某铜矿6319孔孔深674米，遇到一段坚硬的硅质岩，有七十多米，使用孕镶金刚石钻头喷砂前后钻进效果对比如下表。     

阶梯形孕镶金刚石绳索取心钻头试验及生产效果

阶梯形孕镶金刚石绳索取心钻头是绳索取心金刚石钻头系列中用于中硬—硬岩钻进效果较好的钻头类型之一，其唇面结构又分单、双多阶梯形等多种。唇面结构的共同特点有较多的切削自由面，钻进过程中利于破碎岩石。通过几个矿区不同地层的试验及生产     

孕镶金刚石-针状合金复合式取心钻头的应用研究

采用普通硬质合金钻头、PDC钻头或普通孕镶金刚石钻头钻进卵砾石层,钻头磨损特别快,使用寿命短,时效低,钻探成本高.本文介绍的孕镶金刚石-针状合金复合式取心钻头综合了普通孕镶金刚石钻头与自磨式硬质合金钻头的特点,胎体具有较高的耐磨性和抗冲击韧性.钻头胎体中孕镶的针状合金除了增韧外,还起硬支点的作用.该钻头与普通硬质合金钻头、PDC钻头、普通孕镶金刚石钻头相比,具有较好的钻进性能,使用寿命长,在卵砾石层钻进能保持较高的机械钻速和回次进尺长度.     

热压铁基孕镶金刚石钻头的试验研究

针对在坚硬致密岩石中钻进时效低和钻头使用寿命短的技术难题,分析了热压钻头的金刚石出刃与岩石研磨性等岩性之间的内在联系,认为钻头的胎体成分及其性能是关键,硬而带脆性的胎体性能有利于金刚石出刃,从而能提高钻进速度。因此,从热压金刚石钻头的胎体成分与性能研究入手,经过反复的试验研究,试制出了热压铁基孕镶金刚石钻头,取得了突破性的进展。在坚硬致密岩层中钻进,钻进时效由0.5 m左右提高到1.17 m,钻头寿命由10 m左右提高到21.31 m,解决了在坚硬致密岩层中钻进难的问题。试验研究结果说明,铁基合金是一种新型的金刚石钻头胎体材料,热压铁基孕镶人造金刚石钻头是一种新类型的金刚石钻头。     

低浓度软胎体金刚石钻头钻进弱研磨性岩层的几点体会

目前,金刚石钻进普遍地采用63#钻头胎体配方的孕镶金刚石钻头。该钻头在中硬——硬地层钻进取得较好的效果。但由于配方单一,钻头品种数量不多,给普遍地开展金刚石钻探工作,带来了局限性。如我队在秦岭杨砦峪矿区,就遇到中、弱研磨性岩层,郑州探矿厂、上砂、贵阳、六○一等厂的天然孕     

表镶式金刚石钻头轴心压力与寿命关系的探讨

表镶式金刚石钻头钻进中硬岩层是借钻具的轴心压力，以其胎体唇面镶焊的金刚石之棱角切进岩石一定深度，并随钻具的迴转连续对岩石进行切削和剪切的作用来破碎岩石的。所以，钻头的质量，金刚石的品级，钻进工艺规程等，都直接影响钻头的使用寿命。在钻进工艺规程中，正确选择轴心压力对延长钻头的使用寿命，提高钻进效率，减少金刚石的磨损都是极为重要的。因此，必须分析轴心压力与寿命的关系。     

多级金刚石表孕镶钻头在坚硬岩屑砂泥岩互层的应用研究

本文针对山西晋城及霍西煤层气预查孔钻探施工中的坚硬岩屑砂泥岩互层钻进效率低的难题,研制了一种多级金刚石表孕镶钻头,对比之前研制的尖齿切削齿复合片钻头以及其他厂家钻头,机械钻速得到明显提高,在该类型地层取得了良好的钻进效果。     

单管薄壁孕镶金刚石钻头的钻进效果

通过对混合岩、凝灰熔岩、花岗岩等不同物理力学性质岩层钻进，表明单管薄壁孕镶金刚石钻头（以下简称薄壁钻头）既适合于完整地层中钻进，也适合于致密坚硬地层和双管钻进易堵岩心岩层中钻进，薄壁钻头的钻进效果与同类型普通双管孕镶金刚石钻头（以下简称普双钻头）相比，在钻头使用寿命大体相同情况下，钻进效率提高22—42％，钻头费用降低12—14％。薄壁钻头对于提高坚硬岩层钻进效率和降低钻探成本具有一定的实际意义。     

仿生孕镶金刚石钻头在漠河冻土区天然气水合物勘探钻进中的应用

仿生孕镶金刚石钻头具有高效、耐磨的特点,符合漠河天然气水合物勘探的要求及漠河钻探施工现场的条件。介绍了符合漠河地层特点的仿生孕镶金刚石钻头的设计与制造。同时对效果不理想的钻头的钻进情况进行了分析,提出了评价钻头性能时需要综合分析,从而客观、真实地反映钻头的实际钻进能力。漠河天然气水合物MK-2科学钻探试验井的钻进结果表明,仿生孕镶金刚石钻头的寿命比普通孕镶金刚石钻头长73%,钻速比普通孕镶金刚石钻头高22%。     

探索拾零（五）论坚硬致密脆性非均质岩（矿）层的破碎机理

当今,在机械旋转破碎的钻探工程中,常见的钻进方法有硬质合金钻进、复合片钻进、金刚石钻进等。而钻进坚硬致密的岩（矿）层,孕镶人造金刚石钻头钻进具有特殊的优势。     

新型精确快速定量装车系统应用研究

论文阐述了新型精确快速定量装车系统的主要结构及其装车流程,并分析了该装车系统在罕台川北站煤炭物流园区实际使用中所出现的溜槽与车皮碰撞问题,T型连接器的使用问题以及溜槽接缝在装车过程中的喷煤问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的改进措施。     

电动机械取心钻具反扭装置实验台设计及实验

Anti-torque device with high torque is one of the main parts of the electromechanical coring tools of armored cable type for sub-glacial bedrock drilling, the failure of this device will cause the drilling process ceasing, even will lead to the drill falling off and other drilling accidents. The experimental stand of anti-torque device for armored cable assembly is designed; the paper introduces in detail the design concept, design principle, main structure parameters and the preliminary experimental results. This experimental stand can test the anti-torque of the anti-torque device in any combination with ice of different temperature and borehole of different diameter, and can show the sliding down resistance. The preliminary experiments verify that the experimental stand works well, and it can provide an important basis for the better selection of anti-torque device type and optimal operation parameters.     

新型羟肟酸捕收剂对硅孔雀石的浮选机理研究

随着易分选硫化铜矿日益消耗,氧化铜矿的开发显得尤为重要。针对硅孔雀石矿石采用直接浮选法存在捕收剂捕收能力不足的问题,研究中以苯甲酸甲酯和盐酸羟胺为原料合成了苯丙羟肟酸(BPHA),应用于硅孔雀石的浮选回收。微浮选试验表明,在pH值为9.0、BPHA用量为120 mg/L的浮选条件下,硅孔雀石的最大浮选回收率可达到75.2%。通过接触角、吸附量分析得出BPHA能提高硅孔雀石表面的接触角,增强其表面的疏水性。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜能谱仪(SEM-EDS)分析得出,BPHA与硅孔雀石作用后吸附在矿物表面,改变了矿物表面化学性质,并在矿物表面生成了疏水性的BPHA-铜物种,从而增加了硅孔雀石的可浮性。     

开滦煤矿唐山矿区与遂昌金矿矿山环境治理运作模式比较研究

本文在文献研究和实地调研的基础上,对比分析了开滦煤矿和遂昌金矿环境治理运作模式,分析发现开滦煤矿和遂昌金矿在矿山环境治理运作方式上的差异主要体现在治理主导者、治理主体、投资主体与融资模式、实施步骤和实施策略以及治理开发方式等方面。研究发现,矿区土地性质、参与主体利益诉求、环境问题性质及规模、矿区区位、矿山资源禀赋以及可资利用的条件等要素是造成两个矿山环境治理运作模式差异的主要原因。进一步分析发现,开滦煤矿环境治理运作模式,主要适应于毗邻城市、对城市生态环境影响巨大、以大面积采空区塌陷为主要地质环境问题的煤矿矿山废弃地的治理恢复;而遂昌金矿环境治理运作模式,主要适应于具有丰富矿山文化遗产资源和发掘价值、矿区在自然生态环境良好山区的金属类老矿山的治理恢复。     

Use of Pb, <Superscript>18</Superscript>O,and <Superscript>2</Superscript>H Isotopes in Mining-related Environmental Studies

Abstract.   An isotopic and geochemical study of surface water and groundwater was undertaken at the Sullivan Mine, a sediment-hosted Pb-Zn massive sulphide deposit with a well-defined homogeneous Pb isotopic composition. The Pb isotopic composition of surface water and groundwater samples from near the mine site define a mixing line between Sullivan Pb and at least one other end member. The ¹⁸O and D isotopic results fall along an evaporation line that shows mixing between water from evaporative sources with water from meteoric sources.     

Determining the amount of marketable blocks of dimensional stone <Emphasis Type="Italic">before</Emphasis> actual extraction

The lack of a proper decision variable impedes the planning of dimensional stone quarry operation. So far, “quasi-grade”, which may measure the stone quality, developed via multivariate statistical methods is offered as decision variable. However, the marketable blocks of dimensional stones should satisfy not only stone quality requirements, but also conform to certain dimensional standards, and these two are essentially incommensurable. Clearly, for stone with known quality, the amount of marketable dimensional stones (MDS) provides the best decision variable for planning (i.e. sequencing the operation of unit volumes). A method for determining the amount of MDS before actual extraction is presented. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 75–80, January–February, 2007.     

“一带一路”时期大型国有矿业资源型企业 “走出去”经营战略的研究

为了解决我国矿产资源日益突出的供需矛盾及重点资源后备储量严重不足的问题,我国在挖掘国内资源的同时,充分利用海外资源实施大型国有矿业资源型企业“走出去”战略,寻求和建立海外稳定的资源供应基地,成为维护我国经济安全,保障我国社会可持续发展目标的必然选择。为此,我国应成立政府专门部门协调和统筹大型国有矿业资源型企业国际化经营战略,制订大型国有矿业资源型企业走出去的国内扶植政策,开展围绕海外资源获取的资源外交;在税收、金融、社会咨询、军事保障等多个方面积极构建大型国有矿业资源型企业国际化经营的外部保障体系。     

The influence of MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> on tribology characteristic parameter of Ni60A/MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> composite lubricating coating

The influence of MoS₂ on the tribology characteristic parameter of Ni60A/MoS₂ composite lubricating coating was researched on the UMT-2 fretting abrasion tester (USA). The result shows that with increasing content of MoS₂, the hardness curve of the composite coating decreases and the trend accelerates. Under the same experimental conditions, the mass loss of plasma spray composite coating without adding MoS₂ is 1.27×10⁻² mg. When the amount of MoS₂ reaches 35%, the mass loss is 0.96×10⁻² mg. It can be seen that adding MoS₂ phase can improve the wear resistance, the amplitude of which is close to 30%. The friction coefficient of plasma spray composite coating without adding MoS₂ is 0.23. Adding MoS₂ could decrease the friction coefficient of the coating and presents a downtrend. When the mass fraction is 35%, the friction coefficient is the smallest (0.13), and the range is doubled.     

“一带一路”大战略推动下我国海外金矿投资策略

我国是世界上最大的黄金生产国、消费国,也是最大的黄金进口国。依据全球黄金储量、生产与消费的统计分析,得知“一带一路”包括的国家黄金储量占全球的65%,但产量只占39%,有继续扩大生产的潜力,同时消费占51%,有扩大生产满足市场需要的空间。基于国内金矿床的规模不大、品位不高、总量有限等问题,未来黄金的需求很难自给自足,需要海外投资进口来满足日益增长的黄金需求。考虑到国家“一带一路”大战略的推动,文章综合分析了世界以及“一带一路”相关国家的金矿资源与生产现状、黄金市场形势、 “一带一路”相关国家的投资环境,提出3个海外金矿投资的首选地区：1）俄罗斯、蒙古国;2）哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、巴基斯坦和伊朗;3）南非、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、刚果等,并给出相应的投资策略。     

Electrochemical treatment of COD in biologically pretreated coking wastewater using Ti/RuO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-IrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> electrodes combined with modified coke

The electrochemical treatment of COD contained in biologically pretreated coking wastewater treated by a three-dimensional electrode system with modified coke as the particle electrode was investigated. And the electrochemical perfomance of the coke modified with various active components was studied. The results show that the coke modified with Fe(NO₃)₂ has the lowest energy consumption and higher COD removal rate under the same condition, and the modified coke has better surface characteristics for the purpose of this study. In addition, the kinetic constant was also calculated. The study shows that the three-dimensional electrode system with Fe (NO₃)₂-modified coke can give a satisfactory solution in biologically pretreated coking wastewater.