织物耐迁移色牢度检测方法的改进

针对现行两种织物耐迁移色牢度测试标准方法存在的不足,通过不同测试温度时间和不同试样含水率试验分析,提出了一种更有效和快速的耐迁移色牢度测试方法.     

纺织品耐人造光色牢度测试方法

纺织品采用GB/T 8427-2008<纺织品色牢度试验耐人造光色牢度:氙弧>测试标准测试耐光色牢度时,由于采用的测试仪器参数不同,以及测试条件的差异,导致实验室间的测试参数存在较大差异.针对这些问题,对GB/T 8427-2008测试标准中各测试条件(辐照强度、样品架温度、舱体温度、舱内温度和曝晒时间)进行了试验分析,优化了部分试验参数,为准确理解标准提供参考.     

耐汗渍色牢度测试方法的探讨

本文应用全自动色牢度评级系统,客观分析了纺织品耐汗渍色牢度试验中浸泡温度、带液率等因素对测试结果的影响。试验结果表明,不同的浸泡温度、带液率,足以改变耐汗渍色牢度的试验结果。     

棕色彩棉织物的色牢度研究之三 棕色彩棉织物的湿态色牢度研究

本文依然采用了某地的14.5 tex的棕色彩棉纱、24tex的普通染色棕色棉纱织成织物进行对比试验,测试其湿态色牢度,即耐皂洗色牢度、耐汗渍色牢度、耐唾液色牢度等项目,并分别进行了评判研究。1 耐皂洗色牢度 将纺织品试样放于皂液中,在规定的时间及温度条件下,经机械搅拌,再经冲洗、烘干。用灰色样卡评定     

牛奶纤维针织物的弱酸性染料染色

采用单因素试验和正交试验研究了牛奶纤维针织物的染色工艺,并对织物的上染率、K/S值和色牢度进行测试.结果表明牛奶纤维针织物染色的最佳条件为染色温度70℃,染液pH值4,元明粉质量浓度20 g/L,染色时间30 min.在该条件下染色的织物,耐摩擦色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度均达到4级及以上.     

植物靛蓝染料在蚕丝上的染色性能研究

本文研究植物靛蓝染料在蚕丝织物上的染色工艺,探讨了pH值、保险粉用量、还原时间、还原温度以及染色时间和染色温度等对蚕丝织物K/S值、强力损失率的影响,并测试了最佳工艺下蚕丝织物的色牢度。结果表明,植物靛蓝的最佳染色工艺为:保险粉用量15 g/L,NaOH调节pH值至10,还原温度40℃,还原时间15 min,染色温度60℃,染色时间40 min。在此条件下,蚕丝织物的K/S值最大,强力损失率为6.94%,耐皂洗褪色牢度、耐干摩擦色牢度、耐日晒色牢度较好,耐湿摩擦色牢度及耐皂洗沾色牢度较差。     

爬山虎叶色素的提取及对丝绸染色性能的研究

从爬山虎叶中提取天然色素,通过正交试验及单因素分析讨论了提取温度、时间、料液比、乙醇用量对提取效果的影响,以及染色温度、染色时间、浴比对真丝绸染色效果的影响。测试了织物的耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度。结果表明,爬山虎叶色素提取的优化工艺:提取剂中乙醇30%,温度90℃,时间80 min,料液比1:30;爬山虎叶提取液直接染丝绸的优化工艺:温度70℃,时间85 min,浴比1:40;媒染可提高染色真丝绸的色牢度,染色真丝绸的耐皂洗和耐摩擦色牢度均可达到服用要求。     

聚酰亚胺纤维阳离子染料载体染色

优化了聚酰亚胺纤维载体染色工艺,并对LAX-Ⅰ、LAX-Ⅱ和LAX-Ⅲ三种环保载体的阳离子染料染色性能进行了对比试验,探究了载体质量浓度、染色温度、染色时间、染料浓度对聚酰亚胺染色深度的影响,测试了染色纤维的耐皂洗色牢度。结果表明,载体质量浓度50 g/L,染色温度130℃,时间60 min时,三种载体都能够赋予聚酰亚胺纤维良好的染色深度和耐皂洗色牢度,其中载体LAX-Ⅱ的染色深度较好,耐皂洗色牢度最优。     

叶绿素铜钠盐染稿织物工艺优化

基于能染得绿色的天然染料很少,本文研究了叶绿素铜钠盐染得绿色棉织物的方法,并测试了染色织物的色牢度性能。首先采取不同的染色工艺对改性棉织物进行染色,工艺的不同点主要在于染色温度和染色时间,染色温度分别采用70℃、80℃、90℃、染色时间分别采用40min、50min、60min,然后分别测试染得织物的耐摩擦色牢度、耐刷洗色牢度、熨烫升华色牢度、耐汗渍色牢度、颜色特征值等,通过比对这些实验结果,得到一个最优化的染色工艺：一般以染色时间50～60min、染色温度80℃左右为宜。     

天然植物染料橘子皮对丝绸染色性能的研究

采用天然橘子皮染料直接对丝绸织物染色,通过正交试验及单因素试验分析讨论了染色温度、染色时间、浴比对染色织物上染率的影响,比较了预媒染、同浴媒染、后媒染3种染色方式,测试了织物的耐皂洗色牢度.结果表明,橘子皮染料直接染丝绸的优化工艺为:染色温度60℃,染色时间40 min,浴比1∶60,媒染方式以后媒染为最佳.橘子皮染料染色织物的耐皂洗色牢度符合国家优级品标准.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press